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Unions and labor relations
Unions and management
Unions and labor relations
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Efficient employee relations has become an increasingly important issue for employers, the inclusion of a diverse set of employee based functions has become progressively important for managers to consider as part of a wider overall organisational strategy. In recent times there has been a wide increase in aspects of employee involvement and participation throughout organisations. It has become evident that from further offering employees a ‘voice’ throughout a business; it can further lead on to concrete advantages for employers, employees and organisations as a whole. (Wilkinson, A., & Fay, C. 2011) As trade union membership continues to decline throughout the UK, employers attention has shifted on to forming individual relationships …show more content…
Updated and revised versions of the theory have appeared, focusing on various aspects of employee relations, one of which includes the notion of employee involvement and voice. (Burton J., & Gold, J. 2012) Numerous employers have introduced employee involvement and voice throughout the workplace as a means of creating a democratic and modern workplace. (Burton., J & Gold, J. 2012) A high performing workplace is of paramount importance for an employer, the result of which has led on to many experimenting in the theory of involving employees in overall decision making in order to facilitate opinions and ideas from a wider spectrum. (Budd, J., Gollan, P. et al 2010) Employee voice may be applied in a business setting as it has been seen to improve overall ethical, moral or pragmatic values within organisations. (Budd, J., & Gollan, P. et al 2010) In terms of the implementation of employee voice throughout a business, while it may be seen that managers control the initiation of a voice agenda, the way in which such processes are utilised within the organisation lies ultimately with the employee, reinforcing the concept that such a process allows workers a certain …show more content…
(Purcell, J. 2014) It has been argued however that in recent times it has become necessary for employers to deploy effective voice communication mechanisms linking in with published reports stating that employees are more likely to voice opinions and recommendations if effective communication systems are in place. (Purcell, J 2014) It has been stated that the inclusion of employee voice throughout the workplace could be seen by some as an alternative method to trade union representation. (Dundon, T., Wilkinson, M., et al 2005) While the overall use of trade unions throughout businesses has declined, John states that the role of such unions remains a significant component in terms of delivering effective employee relations. (John, M. 2010) John further suggests that unions remain especially important in terms of employee grievances that may arise which cannot be resolved through any other means. (John, M. 2010) Nevertheless, non-unionised organisations have seen a rise throughout modern organisations. (Dundon, T., Wilkinson, M., et al 2005) While the term ‘non-unionised’ alludes to trade unions having no presence throughout the workplace, this may not always be the case however, it can suggest that while unions are currently absent from the workplace, employers may
The Australian Human Rights Commission (2011:p1) states that “Gender equality is a principal that lies at the heart of a fair and productive society”. If gender equality is the heart of a fair and productive society than the laws and regulations in place must be the key in maintaining a fair and productive society. If regulations and laws are not frequently discussed, debated and reviewed than issues such as sex discrimination in particular can be sufficiently dealt with or ignored. The Carter v Linuki Pty t/as Aussie & Anor [2005] NSWADTAP 40 (22 August 2005) will be used to demonstrate the regulations surrounding sexual discrimination. In this paper a thoroughly investigation into the recent changes in laws and regulations encompassing sexual discrimination will be conducted in relation to the case provided. By using the elements of the case the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) (SDA) will be applied to the facts presented in order to explain the regulation surrounding this issue. Since the case involves a work related situation where the employee was discriminated on the basis of gender the SDA will be used. A Brief description on the impact of exclusion will be provided to demonstrate the causal link between exclusion and gender discrimination. Firstly, the case’s elements will now be analysed.
Factories were known for their ill treatment of their employees, long hours and dirty and unsafe conditions. In 1866, unions started to form to improve working conditions for the workers. A fundamental problem faced by democratic societies is as long as people live their lives individually and go their separate ways and be selfish individuals, they are unlikely to meet collectively to resolve issues. There needs to be meaningful unity among people to alleviate this problem to get people obliged to one another, so there is a willingness to sacrifice for shared goals. Bonding of its citizens creates a democracy. Unions seemed to offer the middle class a chance to become a crucial part of fostering institutions of constitutional democracy. The unions have went through several transitions, but have always worked for the working force. I will discuss the history of the various unions, their wins and losses, and the struggle of the employee to achieve democracy in the workplace.
Labor unions were established as a way for workers’ needs and grievances to be heard by management. According to Fossum (2012), “forming a union creates a collective voice to influence change at work” (p. 7). The collective voice of workers in a union holds much more power than any single employee’s voice. It can loudly draw attention to mistreatment or abuse of workers. The organized collective voice of workers demands to be treated in a fair way by its management in terms of wages, hours, benefits, and working conditions.
In this essay, I will focus my analysis on Gill Kirton’s “The Influences on Union Joining and Participating in Unions. I will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of his writing. I will review his findings and explain if I agree with them. I will comment on whether his article present an important argument, if there is enough evidence to presented to support Kirton’s argument. In Kirton’s essay, he discusses why women join unions and he provides data from a study of women in in two large male – dominated United Kingdom trade unions.
Interpersonal Relationships are one of the most important things in business and everyday life. A positive interpersonal relationship provides countless opportunities while a negative interpersonal relationship limits opportunities. Interpersonal relationships can be built with many different forms of communication but self-concept and self-disclosure play two of the biggest roles in forming positive interpersonal working relationships.
Fox, Alan (1966), Industrial sociology and Industrial relations. Royal Commission on trade Unions and Employers Association. Research Papers 3, HMSO, London
The pluralistic approach accepts the legitimacy of workers forming themselves into trade unions to express their interests, influence management decision and achieve their objectives. The pluralistic approach sees conflicts of interest and disagreements between managers and workers over the distribution of profits as normal and inescapable. The role of managers/management would lean towards enforcing, controlling, persuading and coordinating. Trade unions play an important role in this approach, being that employees can join unions to protect their interests and influence decision making by the management. Trade unions balance the power between management and employees, hence its an important factor in this approach and industrial
It is this capability of the management to cultivate communication that is important towards effective engagement with the employee (Albrech, 2011). It is not just a one-sided affair of a company engaging employee, but also mutual loop where the employee is also engaging the company. After all, it takes two hands to clap. “Voice must be approached in a genuine and authentic way, and treated as more than just a cosmetic exercise. An authentic use of voice means that when the employee is invited to speak up, the company in return will both listen and will respond to what the employee says, even if just to explain why they cannot carry out a request for change. Feedback is vital and action must be seen to follow.” (Dromey et al, 2012, p.17).
Companies work towards reducing the control and limits that they place on employees in order to let them feel more comfortable, provided that they are working efficiently. This is to encourage employees to have their own sense of authority. In the past, formal communication was important, although as the business industry has evolved a more informal sense of communication has taken its place. The largest impact which this business model has affected businesses, is the informal attitude and involvement that employers have with their employees. In the past employees were simply seen as machines who were “programmed” to do simple repetitive tasks for an incredibly long time, but nowadays employees are given opportunities on a regular basis in which they can contribute their creative ideas towards the company, and even possible get more involved in order to move up the chain of
Unnecessary conflict may be prevented through employee involvement and treating employees in a fair manner. Ethical employment practices, involving employees in decisions, and treating employees as valued organizational members all work towards a positive employer-employee relationship. Unfortunately, however, it sometimes becomes necessary for an outside party to help employers and employees resolve differences through processes such as mediation or arbitration. Taken together, positive engagement strategies and constructive resolution of differences help to develop relationships which support organizational performance and success.
Managers have a degree of choice in how they deal with their employees. (Purcell, 1987) Some may see them as a commodity while others may see them as an important and valuable resource needing to be developed. (Purcell, 1987) Managerial prerogative is defined by Bray, Waring and Cooper (2011: pg 332) as “those areas of decision-making within an organization over which managers claim to have an unfettered right to decide as they see fit.” It is important to define managerial prerogative so that we can establish whether the legislation has increased or diminished it. Defining managerial prerogative is also important as we look at the different managerial styles and strategies and observe if they play any role in increasing or minimizing managerial prerogative. Managers will always have some degree of control over their employees because most of the day to day tasks in the workplace such as rules and procedures of the workplace, tasks, and which employee performs which tasks are decisions made by the manager without consultation with employees and unions. (Bray, Waring and Cooper, 2011) The laws and regulations surrounding managerial prerogative have only seemed to rule in favour of employers being the sole decision makers in an organisation and decrease the amount of bargaining power unions and employees have towards pay and conditions. (Bray and Waring, 2006)
How difficult (or easy) is it for an employer to prevent an employee working for others (or themselves), both during the employment and after it has ended? Refer to relevant cases and legislation.
Traditional literature in the field of labor relations has focused immensely on its benefit towards the employer and in the process equating it to working rules. This has been so despite the field being expected to cover the process of, labor management, union formation, and collective bargain; all which are anticipated to create a positive employer-employee relationship. This relationship is said to be positive if there exist a balance between employment functions and the rights of the laborer. Also important to note, is that this relation is equally important to the public sector as it is to the private one. Therefore, to ensure a mutually conducive labor environment exists, effective labor management process and inclusive negotiation program should be adopted (Mulve 2006; Walton, 2008).
To start with, the Human Relations Movement firstly emphasises the importance of the working environment for employees as a socialised natural group in which social aspects for both employees and managers take precedence over functional organisational structures. Elton Mayo, who was called “the founder of both the Human Relations Movement and of industrial sociology” (Pugh & Hickson, 1989, P.152), had the basic idea that “workers had strong social needs which they tried to satisfy through membership of informal social groups at work place” (Nicholson, 1998, p.215). Opposing the classical perspectives of management principles of the Scientific Management and Bureaucracy, Mayo claimed that scientifically clarified rules, strict work procedure and incentive money payments were not the only stimulus to inspire workers and that they were “less factors in determining output than were group standards, sentiments and security” (Robbins, Millett & Waters-Marsh, 2004, p.815-816) after he proceeded an experiment, called the ‘Hawthorne Experiment’. According to the Hawthorne Studies, employees were motivated to work harder and efficiently when managers provided a more comfortable and informal working environment taking into account individual satisfaction and their personal needs rather than manipulating employees by way of higher remuneration. Mayo demonstrated that an organisation could not generate much beneficial output if managers “treat workers simply as economic individuals wanting to maximise pay and minimise effort” (cited Nicholson, 1998, p.215). As a result, “managers would no longer consider the issue of organisation design without including the effects on work groups and employee attitudes” (Robbins & Barnwell, 2006, p.47). They now see their jobs as dealing with human beings rather than simply with work.
There are many different approaches and theories regarding industrial relations nowadays. In order to mount an opinion on which is the ‘best’ or most appropriate theory of industrial relations, each theory will have to be analyzed. The three most prevalent theories of industrial relations which exist are The Unitarist theory, The Pluralist theory and The Marxist theory. Each offers a particular perception of workplace relations and will therefore interpret such events as workplace conflict, the role of trade unions and job regulation very differently. I will examine each of these theories in turn and then formulate my own opinion regarding which is the ‘best’ or most appropriate theory.