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The human way of living has changed from what it was 12,000 years ago. Humans used to have a "precarious journey through a hostile world in an unceasing search for food". Gone are the days when humans migrated looking for food and being hunter gatherers. They have changed from being hunter gatherers to being herdsmen and presently being farmers, which is a major turning point in history. The change to herding in humans meant that they had to domesticate.
Domestication is the taming of an organism to convert it to domestic use. Domestication however differs from taming in a sense that with domestication, both the behaviour and the physical characteristics of an organism can change. Domesticated organisms live in close contact with humans, mainly
This means that some organisms are better equipped to survive than others and those with the favourable traits survive to reproduce and a population of organisms with favourable traits is apparent. Mutation in this regard plays a role in changing the DNA of the organisms, we have to note that mutations are either harmful, favourable or neutral. Another argument is that had been practising domestication years before the end of the Pleistocene.
The first site of domestication is said to be in the Mediterranean Basin and that it spread to other regions from here. The tribes of people here gathered edible wild plants and started trying to dogs, sheep and goats amongst others. Fossil evidence show the remains of a dog found in northern Europe and southwest Asia which are over 10,000 years old. In wheat and barley, the grain changes as the shape changes and the size starts to increase, perhaps because humans started removing weeds in the way of plants.
Domestication took a long process in organisms. For organisms to be fully domesticated, which is being in a state where they cannot survive in the wild without human intervention, there has to be semi-domestication which will eventually lead to full
After reading Guns, Germs, and Steel, the five main points are domestication of plants and animals, food production, government, innovation, and germs. The domestication of plants and animals helped determine a society's supply of food. First of all, there is the domestication of plants. Domesticated plants were used for food, clothing, and traction. There is about 200,000 wild plant species, but human only eat only a few thousands of those wild plant species, and on top of that, only a few hundred are even domesticated. Many wild plant species do not quality because the vast majority of wild plants are unsuitable for domestication: they have a woody structure, they are unable to produce edible food, and roots and leaves are also inedible. The Fertile Cresent, containing comparatively moist and fertile soil, had the olive, fig, and grape. These plants were among the easiest to cultivate out of all the wild fruit species. The Fertile Cresent was the center of food production in the world, the rise of agriculture, and one of the earliest places of independent domestication. It was the site of origin of many of the world's major crops and most of the major domesticated animals. Thoughout the world, there are only 14 species of big terrestrial mammals that were domesticated. For instance, the Fertile Cresent had four species: the goat, sheep, pig, and cow. These four species happened to be four out of the five major species of large domestic mammals. Domesticated animals were used for food, clothing, and transportation. The domestication of plants and animals held food supplies to maintain the food supplies, large sedentary societies, and technology. These things further progressed into food production, political organizations, ideas...
A breed is a particular set of domestic animals or plants having uniform look and behavior, that differentiate it from other animals or plant. While as Domestication is the process whereby a population of living organisms is changed at the genetic level, through generations of selective breeding, to accentuate traits that ultimately benefit humans. The deliberate breeding of animals and other species to get required features by human beings is called selective breeding. It includes breeding methods such as inbreeding, line breeding etc. The animals that are produced are tamed, and the breeding is usually done by an expert breeder.
In 1865 the frontier line generally followed the western limits of the states bordering the Mississippi River, bulging outward to include the eastern sections of Kansas and Nebraska. Beyond this thin edge of pioneer farms, lay the prairie and sagebrush lands that stretched to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Then, for nearly 1,600 kilometers, loomed the huge bulk of mountain ranges, many rich in silver, gold and other metals. On the far side, plains and deserts were part of this region; here laid the "Last Frontier"--- the "Great Plains". "For a long time, the region had been called the Great American Dessert, a barrier to cross on the way to the Pacific, unfit for human habitation and therefore, to white Americans, the perfect refuge for Indians." (Tindall 857) Apart from the settled districts in California and scattered outposts, the vast inland region was populated by Native Americans: among them the Great Plains tribes -- Sioux and Blackfoot, Pawnee and Cheyenne -- and the Indian cultures of the Southwest, including Apache, Navajo, and Hopi. Soon these Indians were pushed away from their "safe haven". "They lost an estimated 86 million acres of their 130 million acres."(Tindall 873) The reason to this is because the white man went westward to expand.
...tion, including their initial evolution, their domestication, and the roles they played in human society throughout the ages. It is a relatively new book being published in 2010. Darcy Morey, the author of this book is a zooarchaeologist and focuses his research on the relationship between dogs and humans throughout time. He is a graduate of the University of Tennessee. This book is based on the authors own research and also refers to the information gathered by many other scientists, all of which are listed in the reference section of the book. As mentioned this book contains the results of research from many scientists and is beneficial for learning both general and more scientific knowledge on the subject. I would recommend it to anybody who is conduction a research on the topic. This book was found using I-Share using the search term the domestication of dogs.
conditions that they have to live through every day. These animals are confined to unnatural
Owners show their lack of knowledge by misconceiving the dog’s actions as excitement instead of an indication for aggressive tendencies. Its disheartening to witness dogs being victims of neglect by owners. All animals bestow unconditional love and deserve the same in return. Owners are like adopted parents and must make certain that the animal is disciplined at a young age so that they mature into healthy and productive adults. This can be done by set...
Jared Diamond makes the argument that when humans decided 10,000 years ago to no longer be hunter-gatherers and made the decision to become sedentary and start domesticating their animals and crops, the result is that the human race has experienced a steady downfall. Diamond makes the point that “with agriculture came the gross social and sexual inequality, the disease and despotism that curse our existence,” (Diamond). While the present system certainly is far from being perfected, Diamond’s various complaints and solutions certainly would not be of much use in the present time either.
Prior to living in homes build to with stand the test of time, growing food their food source, and raising animals, humans were nomads who followed their food source around and were hunters and gathers. Although it took many years, from 8000B.C. to 3000B.C. for humans to go from hunters and gathers to a more common day life as we now know it, the result is referred to as the Neolithic Revolution the begins of human civilization. As the people of this time began to settle down and they began to both farm the land and domesticate animals for the better of the community. Along with the development of these communities as for the first time began to create social class among the many different roles they played in their community. Because the people of this time no longer roamed around some of the first signs of technology began to appear around this time as well.
Since the early Paleolithic period, civilizations have gone through many changes, including the way in which people find their food and the way they settled and live. This change shifted through the Paleolithic period all the way through the Agrarian Revolution. Changes included civilizations shifting from a nomadic type of people to a settled, farming people in the Agrarian Revolution. These changes took place from about 2.5 million years ago, or the beginning of what is called the Paleolithic Period, all the way to some of the first societies. The main thing that was changed was the way in which people found their food and where they settled. These changes brought forth new techniques and new tools to use. These tools and techniques
By being raised in free-range environments, animals have the opportunity to roam freely. According to animal advocates, confinement is typically seen as inhumane, while free-range is seen a much more ethical way of raising animals. The animals themselves are allowed more fresh air and exercise rather than being inside cages for the entirety of their lives. Health risks, such as the spread of E. Coli and other diseases, are widely prevented by using the free-range farming method rather than confined farming. There have been incidents of runoffs infecting streams and spreading E. Coli from the manure of animals. By using free-range farming, there is not as high of a risk for diseases spreading because the animals are not as highly concentrated in one area as with the factory-farmed animals. In free-range farming, there is not as much runoff in one area and the conditions do not get to be as bad as they are with confined
The domesticated pig originates from Eurasia and is an important role in the food chain. It has supplied many people with food for them to survive. Pigs were domesticated nine thousand to ten thousand years ago. They were loved and worshiped by many tribes before the development of the United States. The very first domesticated pig was originated from the Eurasian boar (Giuffra, E., J. M. Kijas, V. Amarger, O. Carlborg, J. T. Jeon, and L. Andersson). In southeastern Europe it is know as the main food supply. In
A mutation is where a gene is changed to another form. A mutation does not imply a bad thing happened. They can be deleterious, cause disease, reduce fitness or even be lethal. A mutation can also be beneficial if it increases adaptability or advantages in a species. Or a mutation can be silent and cause no apparent change in the organism. T...
I am going to compare animal abuse to domestic violence. Animal abuse is very similar to domestic violence. Animal abuse is when you are inflicting physical pain and suffering or death upon an animal. Domestic violence is when violent or aggressive behavior is in the home of others, typically a spouse or partner. One difference with domestic violence is when you are abused as a child, it can be possible to grow up as abusive. When you don't have a spouse or partner and you have an animal, you can possibly take it out on the animal or pet. Some people may take it out on their pet and don’t realize what they are doing is wrong. People who abuse animals are most likely to harm an animal as well. People who are abusing the animal think they can
Mutations can cause a cell to produce the wrong protein during protein synthesis, so the organism's trait may be different from what it would normally have been. when a gene mutation occurs in an animal, there are three ways the mutation can go for the animal,helpful, harmful and neutral an example for neutral is when an animal is albino and it is in a zoo that is neutral because there are no predators to harm it,but if it is albino in the wild the it will be harmful because it will be easier for predators to spot them. But sometimes having a Gene Mutation is a good Thing!
Animals are affected when in captivity because, according to Kah Ying Choo, “these creatures are unable to learn in a way that will help them achieve their full potential and realize their authentic being” (Choo 3). The animals cannot achieve in fulfilling their authentic being and full potential because animal captivity