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From marketing mix to relationship marketing
Theory of customer satisfaction
Research proposals on customer satisfaction
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2.1 Introduction
This chapter describes theoretical background with key point literature relevant to the topic of the research. Furthermore the literature demonstrate issue in the field and refine the research focus by investigated views from different researchers. The key points of literature are customer relationship marketing, e-relationship, relationship quality, and customer service experience.
2.2 Relationship Marketing
Customer relationship marketing concept has been recognised many years ago. The interaction between seller and buyer is considered as a way to develop relationships by organisations to meet and exceeds customer satisfaction and needs, which leads to relationship marketing concept (Gordon, 2009; Jobber, 1998; Gummesson, 2002). The practice of customer relationships has to be collaborated with the use of CRM (Customer Relationship Management) as the practical tool, in which Gummesson offers to marketing studies to broaden the area of relationship marketing (RM). The definition of CRM follow from the RM definition is found in Gummesson (2002, p7):
CRM is the value and
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Nevertheless, any kind of service or product provided to the customer, there always comes with an experience that encounters emotional engagement (Johnston & Kong, 2011). Service quality has becoming the source of either satisfaction or dissatisfaction (Ryder, 2007). Taking this consideration, customer experience provides impact in customer satisfaction, influence expectations, confidence, delivers customer loyalty, support the brand, and finally leads to emotional bonding between customer-brand (Johnston & Kong, 2011). Customer service has become the initial contact that customer can reach. The statement is supported by Johnston & Kong (2011) saying that service is associated to staff-customer interaction, whereas sometimes referred to as customer contact or the ‘moment of
Without good customer service and keeping your promises, your company would have loyal customers. According to 5 Focusing Steps, “If you’re not yet sold on the idea, consider that a 2 percent increase in customer retention has the same effect as decreasing costs by 10 percent. Not only that, but it costs over six times more to get a new customer than it does to keep one.” Customer satisfaction should be a golden rule of all companies.
Zeithaml, Valarie A, Berry, Leonard L, & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 9401886).
First, when shopping, a big factor that will impact a customer 's experience is the customer service. Whether it’s from a simple “hello”, or an employee going out
Grönroos, C. (2004). The relationship marketing process: communication, interaction, dialogue, value. Journal of Business & Industrial marketing, Vol 19, Issue: 2, 99-113.
Customer service is valued as a competitive tool by many organisations. It gives you the ability to gain customer loyalty while meeting the customer’s expectations. Staff will have many skills and knowledge that will provide a competitive edge. Most organisations are known for the quality of their customer service. This means that they are known for good customer service or poor customer service. However, being known for good customer service will attract customers. It will also attract customers who are usually hard to reach.
Many scholars believe that customer satisfaction has a crucial role in the success of a business, and is pivotal in increasing the overall profitability of the business (Kotier, 1991). Customer value is gained through the experience they receive from the goods or purchases they have obtained from a certain business. Customer value has various definitions and concepts, Holbrook (1999) stated that it is a kind of “interactive, mutual, and preferred experience”; but simply said, “the term customer value has many meanings.”
Building a relationship with the customer has evolved into a system in itself be coordinated through them and cooperation between multiple destinations within the organization in order to one strategic objective, namely, to keep the property profitable customers and ensure their loyalty to the maximum possible period. Therefore, the main task of the CRM also be outside the scope of the marketing department and production, warehouse management and to senior management. But the new thing is in conjunction with the development of information and communication technologies, the emergence of what became known as the management of relations with customers electronically
Both from the customer and the company point of view, each customer interaction is part of an iterative learning process (Ballantyne, 2004). Further, Yau et al. (2000) advocated that the relationships between business firms and its customers have been constantly encouraged as successful business practices worldwide. The strategy of relationship marketing is of high relevance particularly in the service industries because of the intangible nature of service and their high level of customer interaction (Al-Hersh, Aburoub, & Saaty, 2014). Relationship marketing is defined as the process of engaging in proactively creating, developing and maintaining committed, interactive and profitable exchanges with targeted customers (Haker, 1999). Furthermore, Gronroos (1990) asserted that relationship marketing is to establish, maintain, enhance and commercialise customer relationship so that the objectives of the parties involved are met which can be done by a mutual exchange and fulfillment of promises. Moreover, the implementation of the relationship marketing concept at the operational level refers to relationship marketing orientation (Hau & Ngo, 2012). Relationship marketing orientation indicates the firms’ philosophy of doing business concerning relationship building by propagating developing trust, empathy, bonding, and reciprocity between a firm and its customers (Sin et al., 2005a, b; Tse et al., 2004). Trust is an important element for a successful relationship between the firm and its customers (Berry, 1995). First, trust is an essential component for a successful relationship between the firm and its customers (Berry, 1995). Trust It refers to a willingness to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence (Morgan & Hunt, 1994). Empathy, as a dimension of business relationship, enables the two parties to see the situation from
Richards, K., & Jones, E. (2008). Customer relationship management: finding value drivers. Industrial Marketing Management, 37, 120-130.
...stomer service is essential in any organization. Its importance has positive implications on the business. Having an excellent customer service will motivate the organization’s employees. This will result in a win-win situation because a happy employee is a productive employee. When a motivated employee helps customers he/she will ensure that the customers are satisfied in a way that exceeds their expectations. These customers will then go out in to the public and share their experience with friends who will eventually patronize the business. In the long run the business gains more customers and increases its profits. Therefore, every organization should attempt to implement and preserve an excellent customer service strategy. This will give the organization a competitive edge above other organizations and establish a reputable image every business entity long for.
Customer service is constantly evolving. A few decades ago, businesses considered customer service an unnecessary expense. Now, companies view it as a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Research reveals that “80% of CEOs believe they deliver a superior customer experience, but only 8% of their customers agree”.
Computer Economics, a research and consulting firm, surveyed 209 IT organization worldwide regarding their IT investment plans. The leading trends “were identified as low risk/high reward based on their cost predictability and their positive return on investment for organizations within two years’ time.” CRM tops the list for 2014 (Mackie, 2014)
A service encounter is defined as a moment when a customer interacts with a service or product for the first time. It is the customer’s actual interaction with a service company. It is identified as a key component of the current agenda for service marketers. More than half of the world’s multinational corporations employ in providing services, thus the scrutiny of service encounters is becoming increasingly significant. Research evidence indicates that customers generally compare their expectations with the performance of service industries and they are influenced by the quality of service they receive. The scope of this essay is to discuss about the view that customers don’t buy products they focus on solutions and also about the consumer’s behaviour pattern regarding services provided. Further, it will be noted how businesses are trying to improve the service quality to attract customers leading to an increase in the economic competitiveness.
Customer Service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase. The perception of success of such connections is subject to workers "who can modify themselves to the identity of the visitor". Customer service concerns the need an association relegates to customer service in respect to segments, for example, item development and valuing. In this sense, an association that esteems good customer service may spend more cash in preparing representatives than the normal association or may proactively interview customers for feedback.
Customer relationship management is a cross-functional process to achieve a continuing dialogue with customers, across all their contact and access point, with personalized treatment of the most valuable customers and to ensure customer retention and the effectiveness of marketing initiatives. It is also provide the chance for customers to interact with the brand.