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Keller's brand equity model
The importance of branding as a marketing tool
The importance of branding as a marketing tool
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Recommended: Keller's brand equity model
The American Marketing Association states “a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or/and design intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors of a brand is not just a value generating entity relevant”. However, it can further be said that identifying and differentiating of a product or service only makes sense when the brand offers value.
Brand Equity is the added value furnished on products and services. It may be reflected in the awareness, familiarity and unique association with respect to the brand, as well as in the prices, market share, and profitability the brand commands for the organization.
When we talk about building a strong brand, it is inevitable to mention the concept of Keller’s brand Equity model. The strength of a brand depends on what the consumer has seen, heard, learnt, felt of a brand over time. To build a strong brand, you must form how customers think and feel about your product or service. The "Brand Pyramid" is a useful tool that can help you identify where your customers are on this journey to loyalty. It provides a yardstick by which firms can assess their progress in their brand building efforts.
The Brand Equity Pyramid model looks at brand building as
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It is really starting from the bottom of the pyramid and progressing to the top. According to this model, enacting the four steps means establishing a pyramid of six “brand building blocks” with customers as illustrated in Figure 1. The model emphasizes the duality of brands- the rational route on the left-hand side and the emotional route on the right-hand
Increasing awareness of a personal and unique identity distinguishes us from the pack. A brand mantra differs from a tagline, explains Guy Kawasaki, as a mantra describes internal business, a standard for a company to abide by. A tagline is for customers and what they can expect to be delivered (Martinuzzi, 2014). John Jantsch, founder of Duct Tape Marketing defines branding "the art of becoming knowable, likable and trustable” (Martinuzzi, 2014). Many specialists on the subject agree that trust building is essential in success. Being honest is one of the top five steps Forbe’s advises when it comes to brand building (Biro, 2013). Some suggestions to follow from, How to Build an Unforgettable Personal Brand (2014) include, making sure customers are provided what is promised, leading with unwavering quality and being consistent in making good on one’s word. The article also warns that the public will assign a default brand if a
In every given business, the name itself portrays different meanings. This serves as the reference point and sometimes the basis of customers on what to expect within the company. Since personality affects product image (Langmeyer & Shank, 1994), the presence of brand helps in the realization of this concept. Traditionally, brand is a symbolic manifestation of all the information connected with a company, product, or service (Nilson, 2003; Olin, 2003). A brand is typically composed of a name, logo, and other visual elements such as images, colors, and icons (Gillooley & Varley, 2001; Laforet & Saunders, 1994)). It is believed that a brand puts an impression to the consumer on what to expect to the product or service being offered (Mere, 1995). In other application, brand may be referred as trademark, which is legally appropriate term. The brand is the most powerful weapon in the market (LePla & Parker, 1999). Brands possess personality in which people associate their experience. Oftentimes, they are related to the core values the company executes.
Brand; - brand is known as uniqueness in term of what products or service the company provides. Brand is also set of insight or image that represents seller. Brand defines symbol, name, term or feature of company’s service or goods. Example of popular brand is apple, Amazon and Samsung.
Brand equity is crucial as it implies that the brand itself is an important (financial) asset and can be calculated in financial terms (Barwise, 1993). This is particularly important in the luxury sector as from a behavioural viewpoint, brand equity can differentiate a company or product from other competitors, adding to their competitive advantages based on non-profit competition (Aaker, 2004). The model created by Aaker (1992) states that there are four categories of brand equity; Loyalty, Awareness, Perceived Quality and Associations. Luxury branding relies on a high level of perceived quality, loyalty and associations, although potentially less so for awareness, as it is thought that consumers choose luxury brands based on their exclusivity and as such the more the awareness that surrounds the brand, there is potential for it to become less valuable (Phau and Prendergast,
Kevin Keller’s brand equity model is known as the Customer Based Brand Equity Model (CBBE). This model was first introduced in his book, Strategic Brand Management. According to the model, a company must shape how customers think, feel, and act towards a product in order to build a strong brand. A consumer must have the right type of experience around the brand, which foster positive thoughts, opinions, perceptions, beliefs and feelings. By building strong brand equity, customers will recommend company products and will buy more of them. Moreover, this increases brand loyalty and decreases brand switching to competitors. One’s memory consists of a network of associations and connecting links, and any association ever processed about a brand
[a] company may have a unique vision, a superior product, strong management and an efficient distribution system – yet if it is not able to convey the core benefits of the brand to its target audience it will ultimately fail. [5]
The second step deals in creation of proper brand meaning through powerful and unique brand connection with the customers. The third step involves invoking positive brand response while the fourth one involves engaging the customers so as to build a brand affiliation aimed at enhancing active brand loyalty. However, some building blocks are requ...
Companies use a collection of brand equities to represent their products in the market (Voolnes, 2012). Brand equity refers to the commercial value that is derived from the perception of consumers on any given brand name of particular products in the market as opposed to the product itself. Ataman (2003) notes that the effect to the consumer is in the brand name and not the product itself. Companies use logos, trademarks and a collection of other symbols to present this information to the customers. The use of these symbols is meant to try and capture the customer mindset so that they can be thinking about the company products at all times through the items they possess at home (Estes, Gibbert, Guest, & Mazursk, 2012). This can well be explained by use of the customer-based brand equity model that brings together the requirements for a publicly renowned brand in the market.
In conclusion, the customer- based brand equity model is an important platform that may help in building a strong brand. It could assist a company in assessing its progress as well as providing a blueprint for marketing research activities. If properly planned and implemented, it could help the company in achieving its marketing strategies and in the realization of an increased profit margin
A company’s brand is one of its most valuable assets (Green and Smith 2002). Brands owners invest millions of dollars every year in advertising and promotion to raise awareness and create demand for their brands.
Brand is the name, term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one seller's good or service as distinct from those of others. Initially, Branding was adopted to differentiate one person's cattle from another's by means of a distinctive symbol, and was subsequently used in business, marketing, and advertising.
The term 'branding' in modern marketing is generally originated in the agricultural practices of the medieval age. The farmers 'branded' their animals with the iron and then they were able to identify to whom a particular animal belonged. Artisans 'branded' their products, for example, expensive silver tableware. Smiths 'branded' their swords. The role of the brand is to identify products by the same way as for medieval farmers and for modern corporations as well.
Product is the core of marketing, which including tangible goods like food or drinks or intangible services, as it is the major way to embody customers requirements; and, branding is directly associated with it. In fact, branding is all about decisio ns of products, like brand names or trademarks. Stork (2007) asserted that a brand is a unique business identity which represents the personality, quality or origin of products. And, such a product which added value by branding would appear in every activity of marketing, namely, branding is actually react on the whole marketing system directly and indirectly.
According to Heath and Heath (2008), consumers seem to have a mistrust of marketing resulting in a disconnection between the agenda of brand managers and consumer interests. This mistrust lies with the consumer view that marketers are pushing for “excessive consumption” rather than really understanding attitudes and perceptions that lead to satisfying the needs and wants of consumers (Heath & Heath, 2008). Today, consumers are opposed to push strategies, and prefer making decisions about brands more independently. Hipperson (2010) has found that companies may have to “change from delivering push communications to creating pull interactions” (p. 263). This reflects the importance of listening to what consumers are demanding and then implementing strategies that will satisfy this ...
As a result of an existing dynamic environment, the repositioning of a brand rep-resents a given advanced development of its positioning, according to Homburg and Krohmer (2006). As identified by Roosdorp (1998) repositioning is considered as the second phase of the positioning strategy itself (cf. Homburg/Krohmer 2006,