Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Social push and pull factors of Chinese migration
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Social push and pull factors of Chinese migration
There is a wide range of young female factory workers in China. These employees work tremendously hard to receive their earnings. No more than to send it to family members or for savings, then they must go back to their home town. Young female workers get paid very little for all the effort and time spent, including over time and being mistreated. In China, there are floating workers and migrants that come to the city seeking a job. Floating workers refer to the young Chinese women, who move from the countryside into the city for jobs. When a worker is labeled, “floating”, it indicates that they are not there to stay for a long period of time. In other words, floating workers are supposed to go back home after they have saved up so much money. So therefore, when the money comes to an end, they come back to the city to work and save it up. Due to the over growing population to the city, the government created a system called hukou. The hukou system generates obstacles for these migrants and floating workers.
The hukou system is a residence permit. If a worker does not have a residence permit, they have no legal right to live there. Also, this permit does not allow these workers to move where ever they want. The Communist Party rule (1950s) began to use the hukou system to limit movement and enforce financial separation (Magistad, 2013, p.1). Since China wanted to build successful cities, they needed cheap migrant labor it factories to do the odd jobs that normal residences wouldn’t do. Due to the changes, the restriction on where one can live is less. For instance, as long as an individual has a job, they can live in the city, such as, Shanghai. On that note, Shanghai has a population of approximately 13 million, plus 10 or 11 m...
... middle of paper ...
...self-worth. For the most part, women are an importance to the factory jobs in the city of China. Floating workers refer to the young Chinese women, who move from the countryside into the city for jobs. An estimated, 80 percent of the factory workers are made up of women, around the ages of 18- 25 (Chang, 2001, p. 100). Although their wages are low and they get mistreated, these women still do their work and are able to support themselves and others. And on top of that they have to worry about the hukou residency permit due to the over growing population to the city. The hukou system produces difficulties with migrants and floating workers. But through it all, the floating workers and migrants bring diversity and cultural differences to the cities of China. The cities of China bring jobs for these workers, while these workers provided new knowledge and creativity.
Shanghai is one of the most cities with developed economy due to this many people come to the town to find work. During 1983 and 2000 years the number of migrant workers increased from 0.5 million people to 3.87 million people. A large percentage of migrant workers work on manufacturing (25.8%). 19.6% and 13.9% people earn money on construction and trade, respectively. In public organizations often work native citizens than immigrants. In the other spheres such as skill...
The pursuit of a comfortable living or wealth caused a lot of men to venture into the West leaving behind his or her homeland and families. Chinese labors faced conflicts in their homeland;
The Communist revolution in China was loosely based on the revolution in Russia. Russia was able to implement the beginnings of Marxist Communism in the way that it was intended They had a large working class of factory workers, known as the proletariat, that were able to band together and rise up to overthrow the groups of rich property owners, known as the bourgeoisie. The communist party wanted to adopted this same Marxist sense of revolution, but they realized that there were some fatal flaws in the differences between the two countries. The first was that there was not the same sense of class difference between people, yes there were peasants and landowners but there was not a sense of a class struggle. The other difference was that China was not industrialized like Russia so there was no proletariat group, as defined by Marxism, to draw the revolution from. What the Chinese Communists needed to do is re-define the proletariat for their situation, who they looked at were the peasants.
In California, between 1850’s to the Chinese Exclusion Act, most of the Chinese women who came to San Francisco were either slaves or indentured. They were often lured, kidnapped or purchased and forced to work as prostitutes at the brothels which is run by secret society of the Tongs of San Francisco. Chinese prostitutes also were smuggled and had worked at the Chinatown brothels in the Comstock Mines in Nevada. Chinese prostitutes were commonly known as prostitutes of the lowest order. “Both outcast slatterns and Asian slaves stood at the edge of the irregular marketplace, far more socially stigmatized than ordinary prostitutes.”
A sheet of paper can wield more power than an army. In Wayson Choy’s novel All That Matters paper’s power is portrayed as a double-edged sword; where it acts both as a catalyst for change and opportunity, but also as a tool to imprison and constrain individuals. Although paper “represents a significant tool of diasporic mobility” states literary critic Alena Chercover in her analysis of Wayson Choy’s All That Matters, she argues that there is a significant trade-off in its ability to facilitate “survival in the diaspora, [as] it often carries a steep price”(12). This price that results from passage across “national, ethnic, gender and class boundaries” (Chercover 12) appears to weigh more on female immigrants. Immigration and the papers that facilitate it, tend to favor positive outcomes for males however, for many female immigrants the “ghost papers facilitate the bondage of Chinese women rather than freeing them from the strictures of home- or host-land” (Chercover 12). The character of Stepmother exemplifies how her “passage across national borders comes at the expense of her female agency, requiring in exchange the confinement of her body” (Chercover 13).
Women usually worked as secretaries or on the assembly line because “bosses felt that young women were more diligent and easier to manage” (p. 56). Men, however, were either in a high managing position in the factory or worked in the lowest of jobs available, such as a security guard or driver. It was interesting to learn that about one-third of all of China’s migrants are women. These women go to the factory towns to work, but also, a majority of them leave their homes to see the world and experience life on their own for the first time. Chang makes a point that “to some extent, this deep-rooted sexism worked in a woman’s favor” (p. 57). The statement is supported by the idea that women are less treasured in their families; therefore, they had more freedom to do what they wanted with little care from the family. Shockingly, Chang noticed that no woman ever complained about unfair treatment. “They took all of these injustices in stride” (p.58). The women were grateful for the opportunity leave home and gain a sense of freedom; injustice was not a prominent
Women young, and old, colored and white, walked out of the triangle shirtwaist factory with a purpose. They wanted a better life, and better pay for what they were working:”Young women predominated in the more than 6,000 small sweatshops and growing number of larger factories. In this cut throat competitive industry, workers endured low wages, long hours, unhealthy conditions, and speed-ups.” Women, teenagers and new immigrants worked to the bone every day, most providing their own materials, continuing with a normal work week ranging from 65 to 75 hours. In the case of the triangle shirtwaist factory: “…steel doors were used to lock in workers so as to prevent workers from taking breaks, and as a result women had to ask
During this time, women had limited options as far as work was concerned. As time went on, more and more women were forced to work, because they had no husband and no other means of building up a dowry for a husband. By 1910 the wage labor force was made up of about 20% of women as young as fourteen. The wages these women earned were unbelievably low, and at times as much as 80% lower than the wages men earned. Possible job opportunities for the women included options such as a textile factory, which consisted of clothing and fabric production. In these factories, the women ran high risks to their health. More wealthy people would hire these women for domestic services such as nannies, or house servants. These jobs sometimes required the woman to live at that residence, and the women ran the constant risk of being molested by a higher-class ranking individual. Department stores were also willing to hire women. However, the set-back to this type of work was that the women were sometimes expected to purchase expensive dress up clothing that most of the time they couldn’t afford. The women were advised to “round out their meager salaries by finding a ‘”gentleman friend”’ to purchase clothing and pleasures”(Peiss, 79).
Chinese immigrants to the United States of America have experienced both setbacks and triumphs in the quest to seek a better life from themselves and their families. First arriving in America in the mid-1800s to seek jobs and escape poor conditions in their home country, the Chinese found work as labors and settled in areas known as Chinatowns (Takaki 181-183). In the early years, these immigrants experienced vast legal racism and sexism as women were forbidden to enter the country and the Chinese Exclusion Act prevented laborers from entering the country for years (Takaki 184-192). Today, the modern Chinese-American experience has changed from the experience of early Chinese immigrants. Many immigrants enter the country seeking better education as well employment (Yung, Chang, and Lai 244). Immigrant women have made great strides in achieving equality to men. Despite advancements, many immigrants still experience discrimination on some level. One example of a modern Chinese immigrant is “Ruby”, a college student who, with her parents, immigrated from Hong Kong to a suburb of Providence, Rhode Island, 7 years ago. Ruby’s story shares insight on the modern Chinese-American experience and the struggles this group still faces. Chinese immigrants have long maintained a presence in the United States, and despite many struggles, have eventually began to reap the benefits of this great nation.
This is the root of the cause of the gender stratification among males and females in China. Since women are viewed as unequal and baby girls are often unwanted by parents there is a sort of stigma that surrounds the Chinese woman in her society. They are not seen as equals to men and they are often socially unequal as well. The men have all the power and prestige in their society. Baby girls are often abandoned or killed so that they can have another child in the hopes that there is going to be a baby boy. We see this unequal access to power evident in the scene where the Chinese woman talks about how her husband threatened to send her away if she did not give him a baby boy. Gender stratification is a very large problem in China and has recently been decreased in level. New ideas about women’s right and worth have sprung up in China are spreading
In the novel the women experienced hardship in their country. China contained strict ethics under which women abided by. In the beginning of the novel Suyuan-Woo is emphasizing a better life in America for women. Tan said, “On her journey she cooed to the swan: “In America I will have a daughter just like me. But over there nobody will say her worth is measured by the loudness of her husband’s belch” (Tan 3). This shows that women in China simply were treated subpar Comparing an individuals worth to a belch simply is unfair for t...
Many Chinese (women and children) are recruited by false promises of employment and are later coerced into prostitution or forced labor. Children are sometimes recruited by traffickers who promise their parents that their children can send remittances back home. In poorer areas, most trafficked women are sold as wives to old and disabled unmarried men. In richer areas, most trafficked women are sold to commercial sex businesses, hair salons, massage parlors and bathhouses. Chinese children are also kidnapped and sold for adoption. (www.humantraffickin.org).
The early part of the novel shows women’s place in Chinese culture. Women had no say or position in society. They were viewed as objects, and were used as concubines and treated with disparagement in society. The status of women’s social rank in the 20th century in China is a definite positive change. As the development of Communism continued, women were allowed to be involved in not only protests, but attended universities and more opportunities outside “house” work. Communism established gender equality and legimated free marriage, instead of concunbinage. Mao’s slogan, “Women hold half of the sky”, became extremely popular. Women did almost any job a man performed. Women were victims by being compared to objects and treated as sex slaves. This was compared to the human acts right, because it was an issue of inhumane treatment.
Communism is a system of government, a political ideology that rejects private ownership and promotes a classless, stateless society based on common ownership of all property and the means of production, where by all work is shared and all proceeds are commonly owned. Communism is practised in China, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos and Cuba. However most of the world’s communist governments have been disbanded since the end of World War II. Soon after the Japanese surrendered at the end of World War II, Communist forces began a war against the Kuomintang in China. The Communists gradually gained control of the country and on the 1st October, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the victory of the Communist party and the establishment of the People's Republic of China. China has been ruled by the Communist party ever since.
The topic of democracy in China is a highly controversial topic. Although China has not democratised, it has done well in the global situation amongst its democratic competitors. Since the path to democracy is different for each country, we cannot expect that China would follow the same path or same model of democracy as the western nations. This essay will look at what democracy is and how it can be placed in a Chinese context as well as looking at the proponents and opponents of democracy in China. It will also look at whether China is democratising by focusing on village elections, globalisation and the emergence of a civil society. These specific topics were chosen because they will help provide good evidence and arguments to the topic of democratisation in China. The main argument in this essay will be that although China is implementing some changes that can be seen as the beginning of a road to democracy, there contribution should not be over estimated. China still has a long way to go before it can be considered that it is democratising. The small changes are good but China still has a long road ahead of itself to achieve democracy.