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Gothic literature stephen king
The study of Gothic literature
The study of Gothic literature
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One of the oldest sayings is that someone in love will do crazy things. This applies to the governess in The Turn of the Screw. One of the oddest actions is that she takes her first job under the condition that she will not contact him about any issues concerning the children. She did not even think the condition through though or else she would have understood how unusual it was, but her main thoughts are of how attractive the uncle is. Her thoughts throughout the entire book are that she needs to get the uncle’s attention. With that as her goal, she thinks that she can have no problems to prove her worth to the uncle. She has become too obsessed with the thought of being so perfect that she creates a problem that, in her mind, ruins everything. …show more content…
The make-believe problem are ghosts that want to posses the children, and as a result it causes real problems eventually. The children take the brunt of the governess’s perfection, and they cannot handle all of the pressure of being perfect. They start to act up and play tricks on the governess worsening her problem of perfection. The only problem in the book is that the governess becomes overtaken with the thought of the uncle, and how the children do not like that and are trying not to become as anxious as the governess is. The governess believes that the ghosts are real, but they are only a manifestation of her anxiety about impressing the children’s uncle, an anxiety that is so powerful that it alters the children’s behavior as well. In The Turn of the Screw the ghosts are a figment of the governess’s imagination.
When Mrs. Grose and the governess find Flora the governess points out the ghosts to them, but Mrs. Grose exclaims, “She isn’t there, little lady, and nobody’s there—and you never see nothing, my sweet! How can poor Miss Jessel—when poor Miss Jessel’s dead and buried?” (71). If the ghosts were real it would have been proven at that moment, but Mrs. Grose denies that they are there even when the governess, who is the only one who can see them, says that they are right there. The first time that the governess ever notices Miss Jessel she vaguely describes her as being, “a figure of quite as unmistakable horror and evil: a woman in black, pale and dreadful—with such an air also, and such a face,” (30). If the ghosts were real then the governess would have had a much more detailed description of what Miss Jessel actually looked like, and not have Mrs. Grose being the one to tell her who it was. When Miles and the governess were talking one day the governess notices Peter Quint, but Miles is so confused about what she is talking about, he thinks that it is Miss Jessel (86). If the ghosts were not a production of the governess’s mind, he would have seen Mrr. Quint as well, and his confusion over the whole event only proves that the ghosts are not
real. The governess takes the job in the first place is because of how he charms (or would it be past tense) her and makes her feel like she is doing him a favor (4). She would do anything to please the uncle and is consumed with the thought of him. When she walks around the grounds one night she thinks, “Someone would appear there at the turn of a path and would stand before me and smile and approve,” (15). The someone who she is talking about is of course the uncle. Her wish is to get his approval for how well she performs her job. Since all the governess wants is the uncle’s approval, she wants to do such a good job that she makes herself anxious that something must be wrong. When everyone was around the lake Miles reads to Flora, but the governess cannot think of it being such an innocent act and must be them talking to Quint and Jessel (). She starts to show signs that she becomes paranoid with trying to fix something that is not there to impress the uncle, so that he can look at her differently that she is the right person for the job and that he needs to show more appreciation towards her. (how to restructure that sentence) The governess does not let the children out of her sight for anything, and believes that she needs to be around them at all times or else the ghosts will get to them. Her real reason for letting the children out of her sight is that they are a direct tie to the uncle, and if anything goes wrong with them it will seem as though she cannot handle her job. The governess states that, “I repeatedly sat up till I didn’t know when; I selected moments when my room-mate unmistakably slept, and, stealing out, took noiseless turns in the passage and even pushed as far as to where I had last met Quint” (42). She stays up all hours of the night waiting for another occurrence, but by doing this starves herself of needed sleep, and only making her become more paranoid about the ghosts. The governess love for the children’s uncle is what compels her throughout the entire book to make everything perfect without any problems, even though there are no real problems except her. While she does this she is driving a wedge between her and the children, and that wedge is what cause them to act up. Children can sense many things and when something is not going the way they like it, they try to change it. That is what happens in The Turn of the Screw, the governess is getting too involved in the children’s lives to get close to the uncle that she starts to make things up. The first sign that the children are playing tricks with the governess is one night when Flora gets out of bed to stare out the window looking at a figure, and after investigating, discovers it is Miles looking up at the roof (42-43). The children already know that the governess becomes overprotective to the extremes, and like to make the governess think that something else is wrong with them. Of course the problem the children have are that they just want alone time away from the governess, but the governess starts to become disillusioned with the thoughts of the ghosts, and that she needs to save the children. When the governess was listening to Miles play the piano, it put her in a trance that made her forget about her duties, and it gave Flora time to get away finally (65). The governess believes that Flora is meeting with Miss Jessel, but really she is just getting as far away from the governess as possible. When the governess finally finds Flora and starts to question her about Miss Jessel, Flora has had enough and screams, “Take me away, take me away—oh, take me away from her!” and the governess replies, “From me?” in disbelief, and Flora wails, “From you—from you!” (71). All the governess has wanted is to do such a good job the uncle will be amazed with her, but she is still so caught up with the fabricated problem that she only blames someone who is not even alive, Miss Jessel. The children cannot stand the governess, and have gone to great lengths to get away, but it only caused the governess to pull them closer causing them to rebel even more. The whole situation has been a snowball effect all started with the governess’s infatuation with the uncle, and trying to get his attention, but now it has been taken to extreme lengths with the governess being too self-centered to know that all the children truly need is someone to be there for them only when they need it. The governess thinks that the ghosts are real, but it is only caused by her restlessness about her captivation with the children’s uncle, that restlessness is so pronounced that it makes the children’s before to transform too. Henry James makes the governess believe in the ghosts to show how far she would go to get the uncle’s attention. The governess has proven that she will do anything to get his love, that is has consumed her over the course of the book. To get his attention she makes up a huge problem to solve them hoping that the uncle will take notice and reward her. The ghosts gives the novel the theme of how far someone will go to get what they desire. That desire affects everyone though. The governess starts to become more and more anxious throughout the book, and she does not sleep for fear of the problem she has made up will worsen, and it does due to how obsessed and sleep deprived she has become. The children cannot handle how controlling the governess becomes so that she can prevent anything bad from happening. This causes them to act up more, and the governess to supervise the children more closely. Not everyone would start to imagine seeing ghosts though, but is an example of how extreme someone may go to reach their target. It is also an example of how without proper care and time away from the issue someone would start to become unstable, and it would have lasting effects on everyone around them. Everyone has a passion, and it may not be as complicated as the governess’s, a person cannot be dominated by them like the governess has. There is always another person that will be affected by someone else’s actions.
Jane is the mistress of her house as her father is away on a business trip and he's gone Janes governess is very mean and rude to Jane, Bella and Yetta so Jane threatens to fire her governess, Ms. Milhouse. “You’re even more foolish than I thought! You can’t fire me! You’re just a girl. You’re nothing. Just a bit of fluff your father’s going to use to marry off, to enhance his business. That’s all you’re worth. That’s all any girl is worth.(Haddix 167). Janes governess Ms. Milhouse tells Jane, that she’s powerless and can do nothing and then tells Jane that no girl is worth anything but a business exchange. This is another example to what a great extent this bias and sexism goes, to that even Jane’s governess as a girl herself, still says extremely sexist things. Jane like Bella also naturally retaliates against this injustice because she knows that her treatment is unfair. ‘“Please!” Jane shouted at him, sliding into the backseat. “You have to take me to . . .” Where could she go? Somewhere away from this house, away from her father.”(Haddix 203). Jane rebels against this unfairness by running away because she’s upset and mad. Though this may seem like a slightly childish reaction her purpose is to attract her inattentive fathers attention. Jane though in a very different setting is still treated poorly because she’s a girl and she too rebels against her unfair treatment though in a very different
The Inspector, has a reputation of a figure of authority and he wants to keep it. Inspector Goole is a man who is very eerie and mysterious. Like I said before, he is a figure of authority as he deals with each member of the family very firmly and several times we see him taking charge we know this because in the text (stage directions) it says “ taking charge, masterfully”. His character doesn’t change throughout the play, however, he seems to gain more control over the characters as the play progresses. He uses aggressive, shocking language to make the characters feel guilty for the part they played in Eva Smith’s death “she died in misery and agony”. At the end of the play, his final speech was a message for the family; he says “We are responsible for each other” and warns them of the “fire and blood and anguish” this means that that will be the result if they do not pay attention to what he has taught them. For Abigail Williams, she has an eerie sense of how to manipulate others, to gain control over them. For example when she manipulated Tituba to put a curse on Elizabeth we know this as in the text it says “You beg me to conjure! She beg me to charm…”Abigail's main skill seems to be finding people's flaws, and weaknesses, then manipulating them to her
One issue which, like the rest, can be answered in more than one way is why Mrs. Grose believes in the Governess when she tells her about her ghost encounters. Usually one would second-guess such outlandish stories as the ones that the governess shares throughout the story, yet Mrs. Grose is very quick to believe our borderline-insane narrator. One of the explanations for such behavior could be the underlying fact that Mrs. Grose and the governess have a similar socio-economic background, therefore making them somewhat equal even if the governess does not always seem to think that way. This fact makes them susceptible to trusting and believing each other, and to believing that the ghosts are there, for the people that the ghosts are presenting used to be servants and therefore from a similar socio-economic background. To add on to that, Bruce Robbins proposes in his Marxist criticism of The Turn of the Screw that the idea of a ghost is synonymous to that of a servant, subconsciously making the two lower-class workers of Bly more vulnerable to believe that the ghosts were real; in other words, servants were ghosts....
Decisions that people today might be able to relate to. Poor decisions often times lead to people being arrested, injured, or even sometimes killed. There were obvious poor decisions made in The Great Gatsby, some of which made by Myrtle because of her being caught up in her “love” for Tom. There were abounding factors of her loving Tom. She obviously didn’t like her husband because, “ [She] thought he knew something about breeding, but he wasn’t fit to lick [her] shoe” (Fitzgerald 34). Myrtle doesn't care much, if at all, about her husband. Her obsession with Tom makes her unreasonable. This is one of the reasons that she treats her husband poorly and doesn’t care about it. At their party Myrtle aggravated Tom by shouting, “Daisy! Daisy! Daisy!” (Fitzgerald 37). Myrtle ignores the consequences of aggravating Tom at their party. Not only does she not listen to his pleas to get her to stop talking about Daisy she ignores the fact that he is drunk. Through Myrtle’s obsession with Tom, “she ran out in a road. Son-of-a-bitch didn’t ever stop the car” (Fitzgerald 149). Myrtle was so obsessed with Tom , and his money, that she ran into the road risking her life to be with him. Her desire for his money caused her to act and think irrationally. Even if Tom was in the car and stopped would he introduce her to his wife and they all go home together? In conclusion do not let desires make the decisions of life, because
The existence of the ghosts in The Turn of the Screw has always been in debate. Instead of directly discussing whether the ghosts are real or not, this essay will focus on the reliability of the governess, the narrator of the story. After making a close examination of her state of mind while she is at Bly, readers of The Turn of the Screw will have many more clues to ponder again and to decide to what extent the governess can be believed. While critics like Heilman argue that there are problems with the interpretation that the governess was psychopathic, textual evidence incorporated with scientific research show that the governess did go through a period of psychical disorder that caused her insomnia, out of which she created hallucinations.
As humans, we can’t help but to jump to conclusions, but the governess’s assumptions are too misguided and are taken too far without substantial proof. When she first arrives at Bly, she automatically infers that Ms. Grose, although not showing any hint of it, is relieved that the governess is there and simply “wish[es] not to show it” (7). This could be the case, or, as it would seem to any sane person, Ms. Grose could just be unmoved by the governess’s arrival. Her second assumption with Ms. Grose is when they agree on one thing and the governess assumes that “on every question [they should] be quite at one” (9). Some people can hope that a person may have similar ideas to them, but they wouldn’t expect to agree on everything all the time. People understand that we all have different views, but obviously the governess does not. Then, the governess goes on to guess that Miles got kicked out of school because “he’s an injury to others” (11). She has no specific proof that shows he was kicked out for any reason but she is quick to make the inference. She hasn’t talked to the school, the uncle, or even Miles himself to find out what happened, but instead goes along with her own imagination. She also makes many assumptions about the ghost when she hasn’t even been talking to them. She deduces the ghost of Peter Quint “was looking for Miles” but she only had a feeling to base that off of
Toward the end of the novel, the governess sees Ms. Jessel and tries to point her out to Flora and Mrs. Grose. However, Mrs. Grose questions the governess by wondering “[w]here on earth does [she] see anything?” (James 70). Even though Mrs. Grose claims that she does not see any figure, it is not certain that she is telling the truth. It is obvious that she is overwhelmed in this scene because Flora is fearful of the governess’ behavior. Mrs. Grose is merely trying to be rational and appeal to Flora’s anxiety over the governess’ temperamental and persuasive attitude. Another argument that could appeal to the governess’ insanity is that she is love struck by the master, causing her to be delusional. This is exemplified through her imagining that the master “would appear…and stand before [her] and smile and approve” (James 15). Nonetheless, she is not imagining any people because in the last scene of the novel, Miles recognizes Peter Quint’s presence by implying to the governess that he is in the room. If the governess was creating the ghosts in her mind, Miles would not verbally notice Peter Quint’s presence in the room. The governess is clearly sane and does not simply imagine the
Interpreting The Turn of the Screw by Henry James from a Marxist point of view brings about serious social class distinctions and consequences of violation within that code. Miles and the unnamed Governess’ relationship demonstrate the wrongdoing of social and legal norms. The Governess’ indeterminate social status leave her as a forbidden woman in Victorian society taking on the role of primary caretaker to children, while Miles embodies the character of the absent master to whom the Governess feels intimately attracted. Mile’s union with rebellious, symbol of threat, Peter Quint, ultimately possesses him and lead to the breakdown of the social hierarchy. The Governess and Mile’s connection display the inappropriate boundary crossed between professional duties and desirable futures as a sexually active individual. Through the two characters moments alone, the rising apprehensions end in the governess’s infringement of social status as she employs to a mysterious sexual relationship with Miles.
In conclusion, it is not the ghosts, as the governess suspected, that are corrupting the children, but the governess herself, through her continually worsening hysteria that is corrupting the children. Both Peter Quint and Miss Jessel are not real ghosts that have the peculiar habit of appearing before the governess and the governess alone but they are merely the signs of the fragmenting mental state of the governess.
with Mrs. Grose, she learns that they are ghosts and former employees of the Gentleman
The governess sees a woman on the other side of the lake and jumps to the conclusion that Flora has seen her and is choosing to act like she didn’t. The child was playing with a boat and had her back turned to the lake. Why would she think that she had to have seen her? There is no proof and does not even ask the child if she saw anything. She automatically assumes it’s Miss Jessel, the previous governess who died and that she is after Flora. She tells her story to Mrs. Grose drawing her in more deeply into believing her crazy hallucinations and Mrs. Grose asks her if she is sure its Miss Jessel and the governess replies “Then ask Flora—she’s sure!” and then immediately comes back to say “no, for God’s sake don’t! She’ll say she isn’t—she’ll lie” ((James 30). She comes to the conclusion that the child will lie about it when there is no reason to suspect that she would. Again, this is her jumping to conclusions, because there is not any proof to say that the children have seen or know anything about the ghost’s. “Thus a very odd relationship develops between the governess and the children, for the more she loves them and pities them and desires to save them, the more she begins to suspect them of treachery, until at last she is convinced that they, in league with the ghosts, are ingeniously tormenting her’ (Bontly 726). “The ghosts appear, thus, when the governess is both aware of the corruption which threatens the children and convinced of her own power to preserve them untainted” (Aswell 53). It’s the governess fabricating all this up in her mind again so she can play the part of
...t want to be the only one who does. It is another feeble attempt to prove her sanity to herself and to others. However, because she “is so easily carried away”, she soon believes that the children do in fact see the ghosts by reading into their every remark and behavior. By piecing all of this together, the governess proves to herself that she is not insane. The governess in The Turn of the Screw, is a highly unreliable narrator. From the beginning of the story, her energetic imagination is displayed to the reader. With this knowledge alone, it would not be irrational to conclude that she had imagined the appearances of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel. However, these facts in addition to her unsubstantiated inferences allow the reader to intelligently label the governess as an unreliable narrator. Works Cited Poupard, Dennis. “Henry James.” Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism: Volume 24. Ed. Paula Kepos. Detroit: Gale research.; 1990. 313-315.
To conclude, the sense of ambiguity makes the story what it is: either a thrilling ghost story or a tale of the mad young woman. Henry James has written it so well that we will never know which is the real interpretation of the story and whether the evidence I have found is relevant or if there is some other reason in to the true meaning of the novella. The story will always be a mystery.
The book questions their existence indirectly, by suggesting that the governess may be imagining things, as is made particularly evident when it appears that Grose and the children are unable to see the apparitions. The žlm does the same, as it follows the same narrative path, but utilises a few visual tricks as well - after all, in a žlm something is either on screen or it isn't; therefore, how do you make a ghost's appearance uncertain? Clayton solves this problem easily. When Quint is žrst sighted atop the tower, it is against the glare of the sun, Jessel's appearances at the lake always take place amongst tall, dark reeds, which act as an interesting camouŸage and Quint's žnal appearance in the garden is amongst human statues. These visual effects allow the audience to doubt what it is
In his 1948 essay, Robert Heilman explores the suggestion that The Turn of the Screw is a symbolic representation of the conflict between good and evil. Heilman interprets the apparitions of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel as evil forces. He explains that the ghosts only appear to the governess because evil lurks in subtlety before it strikes. It is the duty of the governess to "detect and ward off evil." She must protect the children from the awful ghosts. The governess describes Miles and Flora as beautiful little cherubs whose only fault is their gentleness (James, 18-19). Heilman views the children's beauty as a "symbol of the spiritual perfection of which man is capable." Heilman explains the ghosts' attempts to reach the children by explaining that evil forces will always try to conquer and possess the human soul. Heilman continues to draw from the descriptions of Miles and Flora to support his theories. He points out that the two children are described as having an "angelic beauty" and a "positive fragrance of purity" (James 9, 13). The governess describes them as if they are perfect and beautiful in every way. This repeated vision of beauty, radiance, and innocence parallels the image of Eden. The house at Bly also resembles this image, "I remember the lawn and the bright flowers..." (James 7). The governess makes mention of the "golden sky" and of Flora's "hair of gold," which Heilman believes connects Bly and Flora with these images of golden hues (James 7, 9).