The French Revolution: A Crucible of Competing Ideologies The French Revolution, a period of major political and social change that began in 1789, stands as an important moment in European history. It not only broke down the existing political system led by kings and queens with total power, but also spread innovative ideas that would shape the 1800s (Hunt et al. 712). The adage of the adage. This essay looks at four key ideas that came out of this time of revolution: the feeling of belonging to a nation, wanting to keep traditions, wanting freedom, and wanting fairness. We will discuss which social groups supported each idea and analyze which idea had more influence during the first and second halves of the 1800s. This way of thinking, emphasizing …show more content…
727). The. The revolutions of 1848, even though ultimately not successful in many areas, were partly fueled by nationalist excitement (Hunt et al. 752). The aforesaid aforesaid aforesaid aforesaid aforesaid aforesaid aforesaid aforesaid aforesaid The later accomplishments of nationalist movements in bringing together Germany and Italy in the mid-19th century show the power of change this idea can have. Standing against the substantial changes that started in 1789, those who wanted to keep things the same supported conservatism. Leaders and landowners, whose power and special treatment were in danger because of ideas about freedom, fairness, and friendship, became the strongest supporters of conservatism (Hunt et al. 732). The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. They thought a strong king in charge, and society set up with particular people above others, was best for a country to do well. Leaders like Prince Klemens von Metternich from Austria showed these beliefs, working hard to stop new movements trying to change traditions in Europe (Hunt et al. …show more content…
The. The French Revolution itself is a triumph for liberal ideas, with the end of complete power by a king and the establishment of a government chosen by the people (Hunt et al. 79). The 'Standard' is a 'Standard'. John Locke provided the basic principles of liberalism, encompassing individual rights (Hunt et al.715). Emerging as a response to the harsh realities of industrialization and the exploitation of workers, socialism advocated for economic and social equality for all. Those who did grueling factory labor for low wages, the working class, found hope in socialist ideals (Hunt et al. 772). The. Socialists believed that workers should possess the means of production, wealth, and society should be established on cooperation and community. Early socialist thinkers such as Saint-Simon and Charles Fourier created the foundation for later socialist movements that would attract a large number of supporters in the late 1800s and early 1900s (Hunt et al.773). The 19th century saw different beliefs interacting in a dynamic way, with their influence growing and reducing at separate times. The First Half (1789-1848): The early decades saw a battle between the forces wanting change and those wanting
Feudalist France was a rich, powerful, and respected nation for hundreds of years- until it appeared to collapse like house of cards in the breeze. The catalyst for this change could be attributed to several causes, but ultimately it was the actions of one group that furthered the revolution most. Maturity enabled the bourgeoisie to dispute their position in society, seeing their lack of political voice as an irrefutable issue. Furthermore, they put their goals of change into effect by shifting France’s sovereignty. In short, the bourgeoisie were most influential in furthering the French Revolution because of their drive for political participation.
The French Revolution was a tumultuous period, with France exhibiting a more fractured social structure than the United States. In response, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proposed that “ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities, and of the corruption of governments” (National Assembly). This language indicates that the document, like its counterpart in the United States, sought to state the rights of men explicitly, so no doubt existed as to the nature of these rights. As France was the center of the Enlightenment, so the Enlightenment ideals of individuality and deism are clearly expressed in the language of the document. The National Assembly stated its case “in
Beginning in mid-1789, and lasting until late-1799, the French Revolution vastly changed the nation of France throughout its ten years. From the storming of the Bastille, the ousting of the royal family, the Reign of Terror, and all the way to the Napoleonic period, France changed vastly during this time. But, for the better part of the last 200 years, the effects that the French Revolution had on the nation, have been vigorously debated by historian and other experts. Aspects of debate have focused around how much change the revolution really caused, and the type of change, as well as whether the changes that it brought about should be looked at as positive or negative. Furthermore, many debate whether the Revolutions excesses and shortcomings can be justified by the gains that the revolution brought throughout the country. Over time, historians’ views on these questions have changed continually, leading many to question the different interpretations and theories behind the Revolutions effectiveness at shaping France and the rest of the world.
The French and American Revolutions were derived amongst similar motivations to better their governments. However, they differ on other levels based on their actions and outcomes. The American and French revolutions both wanted its citizens to be viewed as equals, just as well as allow them to have some natural rights. Sovereignty however is, viewed differently by the two parties. The core reason for each revolution differs, but they both have the same ending results of a declarations document. Both documents are composed based off enlightenment thinkers John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government and Jean Jacques Rousseau’s Social Contract. The Declaration of Independence was mostly Locke’s theory. While the Declaration of the Rights of Man favored both theories.
During the eighteenth century, France was one of the most richest and prosperous countries in Europe, but many of the peasants were not happy with the way France was being ruled. On July 14, 1789, peasants and soldiers stormed the Bastille and initiated the French Revolution. This essay will analyze the main causes of the French Revolution, specifically, the ineffectiveness of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, the dissatisfaction of the Third Estate, and the Enlightenment. It will also be argued that the most significant factor that caused the French Revolution is the ineffective leadership of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
This investigation plans to explore the multiple political parties that existed during the French Revolution and how their doctrines reflected that of the citizens of the French Empire, from 1789 to 1799. This paper will focus upon the ideas of egalitarianism, or the belief in equality.
The French Revolution evokes many different emotions and controversial issues in that some believe it was worth the cost and some don't. There is no doubt that the French Revolution did have major significance in history. Not only did the French gain their independence, but an industrial revolution also took place. One of the main issues of the Revolution was it's human costs. Two writers, the first, Peter Kropotkin who was a Russian prince, and the other Simon Schama, a history professor, both had very opposing views on whether the wars fought by France during the Revolution were worth it's human costs. Krapotkin believed that the French Revolution was the main turning point for not only France but for most other countries as well. On the other hand, Schama viewed the French Revolution as unproductive and excessively violent.
In the late 18th century the Enlightenment gave way to the French Revolution. With this came new, radical views on what it meant to be a French citizen and what it meant to be free. Even amongst revolutionaries the concept of rights and freedom varied. In the whirlwind of ideologies, the societal and political opinions did not even remain consistent within one’s own political party. In this time of new thought and differing opinions four documents help us outline the viewpoints of three different groups: white French males, women, and slaves—the latter being two of the most highly underrepresented groups in this time. While The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen by the National
One issue that helps to shape the world socially and politically is the rise and overpowering of an oppressive force. Things such as corrupt or forceful governments, slavery or racism, and living conditions not suitable for living give reasons for such a rise against power. “Rebellion is important because you need to change the ways things are if they are inefficient or unfair” (Goldstone). This opposition to oppression allows reformation and advancement of society as a whole to occur. People who feel the need for change have gone into drastic actions to gain a freedom or change. Some of these efforts can be demonstrated through revolutions, battles, protesting, and even anarchy. The following paragraphs will attempt to exemplify how novels we discussed in class show textual evidence of rising over oppression as well as to explain and elaborate on real world revolutions.
New York: Barnes & Noble, 1969. Print. The. Kreis, Steven. A. A. "Lecture 12: The French Revolution - Moderate Stage, 1789-1792.
Liberté, égalité, fraternité, this was the motto of the French Revolution. It was coined by Pierre Leroux in 1838. The years 1779-1789 saw everything from the first constitution of France being drawn up, to the “Reign of Terror” in which the symbolic guillotine proved to be both the judge and the executioner. The Revolution initially started in an attempt to make the king answer to the people, in an attempt to overthrow the absolutist role and in an attempt to gain equality in all areas including taxation. The financial crisis was a burden to heavy to bear for the Third Estate. The people grew hungry which swiftly turned to rage. The lack of results led to the end of the monarchy and the execution of both King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. However, despite the bloodshed, the ideals that the French were fighting for were alive in their hearts. Liberty is the freedom to think or act without being constrained by necessity or force. In France, people were seeking liberty from the tyrannical rule of the monarch in which the Queen was using taxes to endow herself in riches. The second ideal, equality, consists of rights, treatment, quantity, or value equal to all others in a specific group. This meant getting rid of the hierarchical system and ensuring that nor the Church or nobles were exempt from taxation. The last ideal, brotherhood, means a group of people with feelings of friendship and mutual support between them. The French lacked this during the Revolution. Civil disobedience was present and very few showed camaraderie towards one another. Ten years of hardship, striving towards one common goal, sacrificing thousands of lives the French achieved what they set out to do. With great willpower and with the help of a benefac...
There are many things in history that could have been avoided under the right circumstances, but was the French Revolution one of them? The French Revolution lasted from 1789 all the way through 1799. It captured the decline of the monarchy and the rise of the republic by the people. It abolished strict class systems and gave the society of France hope. There was a lot of chaos occurring in France during the time of the revolution, yet it could have been avoided if the government spread the taxes equally between all three estates, if the estates generals voted by head rather than order, and if the French government granted equal rights such as granting jobs based on merit rather than status, to all three estates.
“Society was cut in two: those who had nothing united in common envy; those who had anything united in common terror.” The French Revolution was a painful era that molded the lives of every citizen living in France and changed their ways of life forever. Beginning in 1789 and lasting ten years until 1799, the people of France lived in a monarch society under King Louis XVI’s rule. He was a very harsh ruler and had many restrictions placed on his people. They eventually overthrow him and become a monarch society. Among his deceptive ways, the people also experienced “The Reign of Terror,” which was a period where many lives were taken by the guillotine. Other revolutionary events included rebellions, constitutions, and groups. One of the popular groups that contributed greatly to the French Revolution were the Jacobins who were led by Maximilien Robespierre.
Sparknotes editors. “Sparknote on The French Revolution (1789-1999)”. Sparknotes.com. Sparknotes LLC. 2005. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.
The French Revolution had many causes. According to the historian, French people revolted because they were, “intelligent, free, and prosperous to be critical of the existing conditions.” In other words, this historian is saying that the people of France knew what was going on in their country. I agree with this historian and this quote. There were conditions that existed in France the people were aware of. The ideas of the Enlightenment, social classes, and tax system contributed to the French Revolution. The French Revolution was based mostly on the Third Estate’s desire to obtain liberty and equality.