The Fitt's and Posner's Phases of Learning

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The Fitt's and Posner's Phases of Learning

In 1967 Paul Fitts (Fitts) and Michael Posner (Posner) developed the

Classic Stages of learning model. They detailed the kinds of changes

and phases that learners go through when acquiring skill.

The three stages of learning of the Fitts and Posner model are best

understood as reflecting a continuum of practice time. The cognitive

stage represents the first portion of the continuum. This is followed

by the associative stage and then the autonomous stage. The transition

from one stage to the next is not abrupt; on the contrary, it is

gradual and the transition is difficult to detect as the learner may

at any point in time be at a particular stage or in transition between

stages.

However, the beginner and the skilled performer have distinct

characteristics that need to be understood. The concept of deliberate

practice helps to explain how this transformation comes about.

Cognitive stage

This is the first stage of the learning process where the beginner

tries to get to grip with the nature of the activity and to figure out

what to do. Verbal explanations and demonstrations are important.

Improvements are rapid but movements are jerky and uncoordinated. High

levels of concentration and attention are needed during this stage.

Example - a beginner learning to pass in hockey will be shown how to

pass by the teacher. The beginner watches the demonstration and

understands what needs to be done.

The concept of the cognitive stage is also to understand how the

activity is to be used in a game situation. Their first concern is to

understand the task and this often means attaching ver...

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...ut other things

such as tactics, strategy and disguise because the player does not

have to think about each component of the technique. This is something

that most players, when they reach this level will attain themselves

however it can be encouraged by pressure practices and game like

situations which will enhance the skill. Accuracy, consistency and

fluidity can be improved on in similar situation which result in the

player being able to perform the skill comfortably and to its maximum

effect enhancing the overall performance of the player. Coaches

feedback is still important during the autonomous stage.

Bibliography

* Advanced PE for Edexcel - Frank Galligan, Collin Maskery, Jon

Spence, DavisHowe, Tim Barry, Andy Ruston and Dee Crawford

* Physical Education and Sport - Paul Beashel and John Taylor

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