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Russian revolution in 1917
Essay on the russian revolution 1917
The 1905 revolution in Russia
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Misunderstandings happen in our everyday lives, but when is one misunderstanding one too many that can ultimately leave a country in ruins? The Family Romanov written by Candace Fleming is a nonfiction piece set in the time span of 1903 to 1918 filled with the experience of life in the Russian autocracy under the Romanov rule as a peasant, royal and rebel. This story tells us about the downfall of the once greatly praised Russian autocracy, Fleming takes the reader on a journey featuring the rise, but more so the downfall of their rule. After centuries of reign, the Romanov line has a final ruler, Nicholas II, decisions are made and blood is spilled. But, how far would the people of Russia go for a fair government and how oblivious is not …show more content…
only a single ruler, but an entire family to the poor and neglected citizens? There are a number of misinterpretations that develop in Fleming’s novel that move the storyline along. Not only by Nicholas’ misunderstandings, but others, the plot is pushed leading to rebellion, death and the end of his rule and ultimately him and his family's life as well. Throughout the book, Fleming teaches the reader that misconceptions can create larger than life conflicts when people do not interpret a feeling or situation correctly. Confusions regarding people and situations develop the plot into an out of hand struggle that permanently affected Russia’s view on Nicholas.
One example of this unraveled when the events of Bloody Sunday played out. A large majority of Russian citizens were under the impression the tsar was not the cause of their miserable lifestyles, when in reality he was somewhat to blame. They were convinced that their beloved leader did not know of their struggles or the immense masses of poverty they lived in. In turn they handed over a petition that requested protection for workers, a living wage, public education and reasonably priced housing. The Russian people often believed, “It wasn’t his fault… He lived so close to heaven, he didn’t know about his people’s suffering on earth” (Fleming, 61). Crowds gathered expecting the tsar to improve their conditions and protect their livelihood. What the people did not know was he would have nearly twelve thousand bayonets and rifles ready to fire after learning about the petition-signing event. In result, nearly two hundred were killed and hundreds were wounded, after that day there would be no misinterpretation about where Nicholas would stand with the people, “Now he was a ‘blood-stained creature’ and a ‘common murderer’” (62). Due to this misconception, the Russians in St. Petersburg had grown a boiling hatred for the tsar all because they held the false belief he was never to …show more content…
blame. Generally a false impression of something leads to conflict, but not always in the way or vastness that could be imagined.
In this instance Nicholas did not understand the magnitude of his people's, more specifically the soldiers suffering while at war with Austria and Germany. Often times the war minister, Vladimir Sukhomlinov, misinformed Nicholas regarding the conditions of soldiers leaving the Russian army without food, clothing and weapons. Through this miscommunication, it left not merely the soldiers without defense, but the country defenseless along with them. As a result, “By the following spring, the shortage had grown so severe that many soldiers charged into battle without guns. Instead, commanders told them to pick up their weapons from the men killed in front lines. At the same time, soldiers were limited to firing just ten shots a day. Sometimes they were even forbidden to return enemy fire” (134). This was just one piece of the puzzle that led to the crumble of the Russian autocracy. Especially considering the fact that everyone could see their efforts for winning the war were dissipating all except for one, “. . . everyone in the tsar’s government knew it… everyone, that is, except Nicholas himself” (135). As shown in this instance, basic misconceptions can begin a ripple effect that has the power to put a country in
jeopardy. A final way, misunderstandings led to conflict in the Russian government was when Rasputin began manipulating Alexandra. Over time Nicholas’ cousin, Nikolasha, grew to despise Rasputin knowing he was beginning to gain influence and manipulation over the throne. Throughout the time of war in Russia, Rasputin attempted to return himself into the good graces of Nikolasha, but there was no doing so. In retaliation, he began to rouse false suspicion to Alexandra about Nicholas’ cousin. As quoted, “Rasputin seethed. Such a dangerous enemy had to be eliminated. Now, whenever he was with Alexandra, he began sowing seeds of doubt and suspicion” (142). She would then convey her concern to Nicholas, who was persuaded quite easily, leading into a domino effect of miscommunication through the royal couple and Rasputin. In result of this Nicholas took action by placing Alexandra in the position of Nikolasha, leaving the couple still clueless to Rasputin’s deceit as their faith in him continued to stand, “After all, she would not be alone. At her side, his ‘prayers arising day and night,’ would be their ‘Friend,’ Rasputin” (143). These misunderstandings and conflicts placed Rasputin in a position of power then in turn caused a brief period of time when ministers were frequently appointed and fired. The consequences of misunderstanding have proved to be devastating in this particular novel Fleming has created, but an effective way to move the conflict and storyline along. Throughout The Family Romanov, struggles are magnified through the events of Bloody Sunday. All because the people had misconceptions about the tsar’s intentions. An additional problem that began through lack of communication was the war, lives were lost because of miscommunication between Nicholas and Vladimir Sukhomlinov. Lastly, conflicts arose in the government when Nicholas and Alexandra were being deceived and manipulated by Rasputin. As the story develops, more conflicts are introduced and become more complex. This complexity leads to misunderstandings in the Russian autocracy leading to examples of controversy in history reiterated by Fleming. By the end of the novel Fleming has shown that one misunderstanding truly is one too many and that misconceptions can begin a long journey of conflict.
Nicholas was an inadequate leader, the film shows this by portraying him as a man who put his family first, who was too stubborn to appoint a Duma and who didn’t want to be in power. The film implies that this insufficient leadership is what led to the collapse of the old regime however what it doesn’t put enough focus on is the fact that Russia was behind when it came to industrialisation. This too was a major contributing factor that led to the collapse of the old regime. Tsar Nicholas II was a family man who put his family before the wellbeing of the country.
For centuries, autocratic and repressive tsarist regimes ruled the country and population under sever economic and social conditions; consequently, during the late 19th century and early 20th century, various movements were staging demonstrations to overthrow the oppressive government. Poor involvement in WWI also added to the rising discontent against Nicholas as Russian armies suffered terrible casualties and defeats because of a lack of food and equipment; in addition, the country was industrially backward compared to countries such as Britain, France, Germany, and the USA. It had failed to modernize, this was to do with the tsars lack of effort for reforms. The country was undergoing tremendous hardships as industrial and agricultural output dropped. Famine and poor morale could be found in all aspects of Russian life. Furthermore, the tsar committed a fatal mistake when he appointed himself supreme commander of the armed forces because he was responsible for the armies constant string of defeats.
With the coinciding of a revolution on the brink of eruption and the impacts of the First World War beginning to take hold of Russia, considered analysis of the factors that may have contributed to the fall of the Romanov Dynasty is imperative, as a combination of several factors were evidently lethal. With the final collapse of the 300 year old Romanov Dynasty in 1917, as well as the fall of Nicholas II, a key reality was apparent; the impact that WWI had on autocratic obliteration was undeniable. However, reflection of Russia’s critical decisions prior to the war is essential in the assessment of the cause of the fall of the Romanov Dynasty. No war is fought without the struggle for resources, and with Russia still rapidly lagging behind in the international industrialisation race by the turn of the 20th century, the stage was set for social unrest and uprising against its already uncoordinated and temporarily displaced government. With inconceivable demands for soldiers, cavalry and warfare paraphernalia, Russia stood little chance in the face of the great powers of World War One.
Historically, Russia has always been a country of perplexing dualities. The reality of Dual Russia, the separation of the official culture from that of the common people, persisted after the Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War. The Czarist Russia was at once modernized and backward: St. Petersburg and Moscow stood as the highly developed industrial centers of the country and two of the capitals of Europe, yet the overwhelming majority of the population were subsistent farms who lived on mir; French was the official language and the elites were highly literate, yet 82% of the populati...
I can use this source in my research project to defend why Czar Nicholas II is innocent to the abuse of power of the office of Czar.It reveales to me that even thouch Nicholas struggled with being the new Czar he truly did a lot for Russia to improve in learning abilities.Above all else, Nicholas loved Russia first and then his family; He thought the fate of the two was inseparable. No one knew the fault of the Romanov Dynasty better than him. Czar Nicholas sincerely felt his responsibility for the country, He thought that his destiny was within the country he ruled. I think it was really difficult for him but it was the only way to admit his mistakes and to say "sorry" to his people.
New York, Oxford University Press. Moorehead, Alan, Ed 1958. The Russian Revolution. New York, Carroll & Graf Publishers Inc. Pipes, Richard, Ed 1995.
Fiehn, Terry, and Chris Corin. Communist Russia under Lenin and Stalin. London: John Murray, 2002. Print.
On July 16, 1918, the Russian imperial family, the Romanovs, were executed in the basement of the Ipatiev House by the Bolshevik political party. While The Kitchen Boy, by Robert Alexander, follows the point of view of the family’s young kitchen boy during this event, along with a different possible ending to history, it also follows the boy through the poor treatment of the royal family long before they were killed. During their stay in the House of Special Purpose under control of the Bolsheviks, the Romanov family endured physical, psychological, and spiritual mistreatments.
Most popular uprisings in recent history have been characterized by a brief period of incredible potential and hope, only to collapse in failure and despair. Even the supposedly 'successful' Russian Revolution of 1917 followed this pattern. Revolutionaries threw off centuries of imperial rule and oppression in order to create a new world of freedom, peace and equality... only to end up with Stalin, purges, gulags, dekulakization - and ultimately decades of Bolshevik1 rule and oppression. Although it can sometimes be disheartening to review this long history of failure and oppression, valuable insights can be gained by investigating these past revolutions. The achievements and promise of the revolutionaries can be studied and their strengths marked. The weaknesses that led to their eventual defeat and decay must also be understood, so that the same mistakes are not made again. This article will address these themes in the context of the Russian Revolution at the Kronstadt navel base.2
Czar Nicholas’ poor leadership forced him to abdicate and caused the Bolshevik takeover. One of the reasons I say that is because of the way he handled “Bloody Sunday”. “Bloody Sunday” was when troops killed over a thousand people in a peaceful worker assembly. After “Bloody Sunday”, workers all over Russia went on strike, and peasants caused uprisings that were suppressed by Nicholas II’s troops causing tensions to increase. Another reason was his disastrous involvement in World War I. In the beginning of the war, Russia’s armies did not do well. To fix this, Nicholas became the commander. Now under his command, their continued failure reflected the Czar himself, further decreasing his popularity. Lastly, civil unrest grew as food riots, chronic food shortages, and labor strikes continued to proceed. This eventually erupted into open revolt, and Czar Nicholas had no choice but to abdicate. Soon after, the new government was overthrown by the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin.
It was Tzar Nicholas 2 political naivete and extreme obstinance that led to the downfall of the Russia
The famine in Russia alone led the peasants to become angry and fed up with the Russian government, suggesting a future revolution. Because of the peasants’ unrest, they began to break the law by as stealing food for their families and shouting in the streets. Russia had attempted revolution before, and a fear of an uprising was feared again. Their everyday routi...
"From Autocracy to Oligarchy." The Structure of Soviet History: Essays and Documents. Ed. Ronald Grigor. Suny. New York: Oxford UP, 2003. 340-50. Print.
The war encouraged political opposition due to the incompetence of the government; Russia’s abysmal military performance was considered a national humiliation. As such the war was the catalyst for the February 1917 revolution. Just as the Crimean War had been followed by the end of serfdom, and the war with Japan by the revolution of 1905, so Russia’s involvement in the World War 1 led to the February revolution. There is a view that Nicholas worsened the situation and evidence from Figes confirms this as “sent a cable to General Khabolov ordering him to use military force to put down the disorders” . This further emphasises the Tsar learnt nothing from the events of 1905, because his instruction to Khabolov was merely a repetition of what happened on Bloody Sunday.
Nicholas was an inadequate leader who let events spiral out of control, and just like the French, the Russian population was poor and in poverty because of economic issues. Without proper leadership, these issues couldn’t have been