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With the coinciding of a revolution on the brink of eruption and the impacts of the First World War beginning to take hold of Russia, considered analysis of the factors that may have contributed to the fall of the Romanov Dynasty is imperative, as a combination of several factors were evidently lethal. With the final collapse of the 300 year old Romanov Dynasty in 1917, as well as the fall of Nicholas II, a key reality was apparent; the impact that WWI had on autocratic obliteration was undeniable. However, reflection of Russia’s critical decisions prior is essential in the assessment of the cause of the fall of the Romanov Dynasty. No war is fought without the struggle for resources, and with Russia still rapidly lagging behind in the international industrialisation race by the turn of the 20th century, the stage was set for social unrest and uprising against its already uncoordinated and temporally displaced government. With inconceivable demands for soldiers, cavalry and warfare paraphernalia, Russia stood little chance in the face of the great powers of World War One. Shortages of basic human necessities led to countless subsistence riots and the eventual power struggle between the ruling body and its people. From the beginnings of WWI to 1916, prices of essential goods rose 131 percent in Moscow and more than 150 percent in Petrograd. Additionally, historian Walter G. Moss stated that in September 1915 that “there were 100,000 strikers in Russia; in October 1916, there were 250,000 in Petrograd alone.” Moss continues to exemplify the increasing evidence of social unrest and connects the riots to a lack of resources when he goes on to point out that “subsistence riots protesting high prices and shortages… also increased.” ... ... middle of paper ... ...orld War.com - Primary Documents - Tsar Nicholas II Takes Command of Russian Armies, 5 September 1915. [online] Firstworldwar.com. Available at: . Engel, B., 1997. Not by Bread Alone: Subsistence Riots in Russia during World War I*. The Journal of Modern History, 69(4), pp.696--721. Horne, C., 2014. Source Records of the Great War. 3rd ed. Lewiston, New York: E. Mellen Press. Moss, W., 2014. A History of Russia Volume 2: Since 1855. 1st ed. London, England: Anthem Press London, pp.112-113. Trotsky, L., 2014. The Overthrow of Tzarism and the Triumph of the Soviets. In: L. Trotsky, The Russian Revolution, 1st ed. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. Trueman, C., 2014. Russia and World War One. [online] Historylearningsite.co.uk. Available at: .
One of the first and most vital sources utilized was Not By Bread Alone by Barbara Engel. This article comes from Barbara Alpern Engel who is a historian who has wrote several books on Russian women and specifically Russian women during the early 1900s. The book appears in the larger journal The Journal of Modern History. The purpose of this article is to expound on the subsistence riots in WWI era Russia and the ones that lead to the Russian Revolution. A value of this source is her specialization, it seems, in Russian history from 1700 onwards. She has wrote several other books on Russian history and thus she has a greater knowledge than most on the subject. A limitation of this article maybe since she
Historically, Russia has always been a country of perplexing dualities. The reality of Dual Russia, the separation of the official culture from that of the common people, persisted after the Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War. The Czarist Russia was at once modernized and backward: St. Petersburg and Moscow stood as the highly developed industrial centers of the country and two of the capitals of Europe, yet the overwhelming majority of the population were subsistent farms who lived on mir; French was the official language and the elites were highly literate, yet 82% of the populati...
In the years leading up to the fall of the three hundred year old Romanov dynasty there was increasing tension building up in Russia. The failing of Russia in the war, the failings of the tsar and his decisions, and the social and economic situations in Russia all played a part in the fall. Still it is believed that the First World War had played the biggest part in the fall of the dynasty.
While most of Europe had develop strong central governments and weakened the power of the nobles, Russia had lagged behind the times and still had serfs as late as 1861. The economic development that followed the emancipation of peasants in the rest of Europe created strong industrial and tax bases in those nations. Russian monarchs had attempted some level of reforms to address this inequality for almost a century before, and were indeed on their way to “economic maturity” (32) on par with the rest of Europe. But they overextended themselves and the crushing defeats of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 and the First World War in 1917 lost them the necessary support from their subjects and created “high prices and scarcity” which were by far “the most obvious factors in the general tension”
Fiehn, Terry, and Chris Corin. Communist Russia under Lenin and Stalin. London: John Murray, 2002. Print.
Poor Living and Working Conditions as the Reason for Bolsheviks' Seizure of Power in 1917
In recognizing that state failure and social collapse can occur simultaneously, Sanborn shows how these processes are built from many aspects of society that interact. The mass refugee movement from the front zones pushes into the center, Sanborn states that in 1915 there were 3 million refugees in Russia. As the refugees migrated east, the examples of how Russian society became increasingly focused on ethnopolitics or mobilized ethnic sentiment with deportations, ethnic violence, and intensified the social and state crises in Russia. Sanborn argues that the growing social crisis was only enhanced by the state crises occurring with the Tsar’s government failing at winning the war or even functioning as a
Koenker, Diane. “The Russian Revolution by Richard Pipes”. The Journal of Modern History 65, no. 2 (1993): 432.
During the socio-economic adversity of the World War I, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated his throne and the 300-year reign of the Romanovs came to the end. Nicholas II faced copious difficulties during the holding of his monarchical sovereignty. There were both domestic and international obstacles during his time. Although it certainly was an unprecedentedly terrible circumstance for an authoritarian like Nicholas to rule due several revolutionary movements, he, himself, was actually self-destructive, and was responsible for the fall of the Romanovs. He was not a victim of history, but the victim of his on weakness. His weakness counts for the strong belief in God-given rights, the stubbornness to win the war, and his incapability. We witnessed Russia
Wood, A. (1986). The Russian Revolution. Seminar Studies in History. (2) Longman, p 1-98. ISBSN 0582355591, 9780582355590
During his reign, russian social democratic labor party was formed then they later became the bolsheviks. After bloody Sunday, Tsar nicholas ii signed the october manifesto which allowed the Duma to be installed, the problem with the duma was that the sarc veto he had to give any bill he saw was fit . All hell broke loose when world war 1 broke out, the tsar had signed an agreement to help serbia russia was dragged into the war at first the people were on the side of the tsar then eventually public morale was stopped russia's supplies were dwindling, around this time tsar had decided to be his army in the
The Nature of Tsarism and the Policies of Nicholas II as the Cause for the Revolution of February in Russia 1917
Riasanovsky, Nicholas V., and Mark D. Steinberg. A History of Russia. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford, 2005. Print.
After their defeat in the Crimean war (1853-1856), Russia’s leaders realized they were falling behind much of Europe in terms of modernisation and industrialisation. Alexander II took control of the empire and made the first steps towards radically improving the country’s infrastructure. Transcontinental railways were built and the government strengthened Russia’s economy by promoting industrialisation with the construction of factory complexes throughout...
Frame, Arthur T. "Russian Army: World War I. " ABC-CLIO. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Oct. 2014.