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Isaac newton the scientific revolution
Newton's contribution to science
Newton's contribution to science
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Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England and lived to be 84 years old. Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who was widely recognised as one of the most influential scientist of all time and a key figure in the Scientific Revolution. Newton made contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of calculus. Newton's principle formulated the laws of motion, and universal gravitation. Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a theory of color based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colors of the visible spectrum. He started to investigate the refraction of light. He showed that colored light does not change properties when shining it on several different objects. Newton noted that regardless of whether it was reflected, scattered, or transmitted, it remained the same color. He formulated a law of cooling, studied the speed of sound, and introduced the notion of a Newtonian fluid. Newton argued that light is composed of particles, which are refracted by accelerating into a denser medium. He verged on soundlike waves to explain the repeated pattern of reflection and transmission by thin films. He started experimenting with celebrated phenomenon colors. When he did so people thought that this was a mixture of darkness and light. Many people thought that light was made of particles or waves, so Newton used The Failure of the wave theory to
show them that it was made up of only particles. He said even though it looks continuous he would divide it into 7 sections ( ROY G. BIV ) he chose this because of the seven wandering stars. When waves are pushed together at many different angles that creates fringes of light and dark shadows. Newton later became involved with Leibniz over priority in the development of calculus. His work extensively uses calculus in geometric form based on limiting values of the ratios and remaking small quantities. Sometime in 1961 Nicolas Duillier started writing a new version of Isaac’s principal and corresponded with Leibniz. Newton is generally credited with the generalised binomial theorem, valid for any exponent. He discovered Newton's identities, Newton's method, classified cubic plane curves, made substantial contributions to the theory of finite differences, and was the first to use fractional indices. He was the first to use power series with confidence and to revert power series, his work on infinite series was inspired by Simon Stevin's decimals. It was when an apple fell from a tree when Newton conceived that the moon and that apple must have to same force governed by motion. He then calculated the mass that is needed to hold the moon in it’s orbit and compared it to the force of an object falling to the ground. He then identified gravity as the fundamental force controlling the motions of the celestial bodies. Comets were shown to follow the same law. Newton’s three laws of motion relate the forces acting on a body to its motion. The first is the law of inertia, it states that every object in motion will stay in motion until acted upon by an outside force’. The second is commonly stated as force equals mass times acceleration; ( or F = ma ). The third law is commonly known as to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Sir Isaac Newton was a genius in several different ways.
His problem statement (a description of the issue being tested during the experiment) was: Can Hooke’s theory of light and the currently accepted theory be verified? The key to Newton’s experiment was a glass prism. According to the book, Isaac Newton (written by Gale E. Christianson), glass prisms were believed to have displayed the phenomena of the scale of light and give proof that the scale of light went from a bright red (color closest to white) to a dull blue (color closest to black). It was also believed that all of these colors were modifications of true white. To test this theory, Newton bought a glass prism “to try therewith the celebrated phenomena of colors” (More, 389). Newton took his prism to his upstairs bedroom and made sure that the room was completely darkened. He then positioned the prism on a table and drilled a one-eighth inch hole into the window shutter so that the light would pass through the prism at a specific angle and was projected onto a wall ("Newton and the Colour of Light"). According to the accepted theory of light, should light pass through a glass prism at that angle, the colors of the spectrum of light should be projected in a perfect circle. However, Newton observed that the colors were arranged into a rectangular shape and the pattern was wider than was predicted. Newton concluded that each color refracted at a different angle as it passed
Sir Isaac Newton made an enormous amount of contributions to the world of physics. He invented the reflecting telescope, proposed new theories of light and color, discovered calculus, developed the three laws of motion, and devised the law of universal gravitation. His greatest contribution to physics was the development of the three laws of motion. The first law was called the law of inertia; this law stated that, “Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.” The second law is called the law of acceleration; this law stated that, “Force is equal to the chan...
Sir Isaac Newton was born in England on December 25, 1642 during the time when studying motion was prevalent. He was known as one of the greatest mathematicians that ever lived. When Sir Isaac Newton matured he attended Free Grammar School and then later went on to Trinity College Cambridge. While he was in college he grew a strong passion for physics, math and astronomy. He received his bachelor and mater degree through his matriculation in college. Also, while in college he grew a passion for the study of motion. Before Isaac was born the study of motion was done by Galileo who discovered the projectile motion causing him to be one of the first scientists to experiment on moving objects. After Galileo’s death, Sir Isaac Newton took on the
Isaac Newton was born on January 4th, 1643. Newton was an established analyst and math expert, and was considered as one of the skilled minds of the 17th century Scientific Revolution.With his discoveries in optics, movement and mathematics, Newton improved the ways of thinking/basic truths/rules of modern remedy. His father was a prosperous local farmer, with the name also, Isaac Newton, who happened to have passed away when Newton was only 3 months old.When Newton was born, he was very tiny and weak so the doctors suggested that he would not survive. Isaac lived to the age of 84 years old. (Bio.com)Newton’s mother, Hannah Ayscough Newton, left Isaac with his maternal grandmother, because she left him for a man named Barnabas Smith, whom she married and lived her life with.This experience left Newton, broken-hearted, but he did not want to give up; no not at all, he kept leaning towards his interest, and drooling over his magnificent work.
When most people hear the name Isaac Newton, they think of various laws of physics and the story of the apple falling from the tree; in addition, some may even think of him as the inventor of calculus. However, there was much more to Newton’s life which was in part molded by the happenings around the world. The seventeenth century was a time of great upheaval and change around the world. The tumultuousness of this era was due mostly to political and religious unrest which in effect had a great impact on the mathematics and science discoveries from the time Newton was born in 1646 until the early 1700’s.
While he was still a student at Cambridge University in 1664, he had a great interest in the mysteries of light,optic, and colors. He read the works of Robert Boyle, Robert Hooks, and also René Descartes for some motivation. He investigated the refraction of light by passing a beam of sunlight through a type of prism, which split the beam into separate colors reflecting a rainbow.Over a few years in series of elaborate experiments, Newton discovered measurable, mathematical patterns in the phenomenon of color. In 1672, Newton sent a brief summary of his theory of colors to the Royal Society in London but it only led to a number of criticisms in publication that hurt him greatly and maybe stopped his study at Cambridge. But in 1704, Newton published Opticks, which explained his theories in great detail.
Isaac Newton’s story of how an apple falling from a tree that hit his head inspired him to formulate a theory of gravitation is one that all school children grow up hearing about. Newton is arguably one of the most influential scientific minds in human history. He has published books such as Arithmetica Universalis, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms, Methods of Fluxions, Opticks, the Queries, and most famously, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia MathematicaHe formulated the three laws of gravitation, discovered the generalized binomial theorem, developed infinitesimal calculus (sharing credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz, who developed the theory independently), and worked extensively on optics and refraction of light. Newton changed the way that people look at the world they live in and how the universe works.
The three laws of motion are three rules that explain the motion of an object. The first law is the law of inertia. It states that every object remains at rest unless it is compelled by an external force. The second law is the law of acceleration. This law shows when there is a change in force, it causes a change in velocity. Finally, the third law states that every force in nature has an equal and opposite reaction. His discovery in calculus help confirms his second law of motion. Calculus also gave Isaac Newton powerful ways to solve mathematical problems. Lastly, for the color spectrum, he produced a beam of light from a tiny hole in a window shade. He placed a glass prism in front of the beam of light creating a color spectrum. In Newton’s undergraduate days, Newton was greatly influenced by the Hermetic tradition. After learning about the Hermetic tradition it influenced him to look at a different perspective into his discoveries and theories. One of the myths that followed the discovery is his discovery of universal gravitation. It is said that while Isaac Newton was thinking about the forces of nature, an apple fell on his head and he found the theory of gravity. There is no evidence that an apple fell on Newton’s head, but the evidence is shown that Newton got an idea of the theory of gravity when he saw an apple fall from a tree. During his life; however, Isaac Newton faced many obstacles. When he published some of his ideas in Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society, some people challenged his ideas such as Robert Hooke and Christiaan Huygens to a point where Newton stopped publishing his work. During his life, he also suffered a nervous breakdown in a period of his life. He was convinced his friends were conspiring against him, and he couldn’t sleep at all for five
"Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night: God said, let Newton be! And all was light." - - Alexander Pope
The day Galileo had slipped from our world Sir Isaac Newton had life breathed into him. Sir Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642, at Woolsthorpe. Before he was born his father died, so he was brought up with the scent and presence of his mother, Hannah. Despite this at the age of three his mother married someone else and abandoned him in the care of his grandmother, devastating him and rocking his foundation. He received the basic local education, or elementary, until he was twelve, then he proceeded to attend the King's School in Grantham. In 1661, at the age of nineteen, he entered Trinity College, Cambridge and worked to obtain his Bachelors degree. He then decided to go work for his masters degree, the plague hit Europe in 1666 the University closed. The next eighteen months he spent learning in solitude at his manor. When the College reopens he quickly obtains his Masters. He later becomes a professor for this college for 27 years. During these times he brought to light optics, his discovery of calculus and gravitation. Having learned all this he contributed to the Enlightenment with his discoveries as well as influencing thinkers of the future.
Newton wrote many laws and theories that still exist and are followed. Newton wrote a book on optics. Part of Newton's study of optics was aided with the use of a reflecting telescope that he designed and constructed in 1668 which was his first major public scientific achievement. This invention helped prove his theory of light and color. The Royal Society asked for a demonstration of his reflecting telescope in 1671, and the organization's interest encouraged Newton to publish his notes on light, optics and color in 1672; these notes were later published as part of Newton's Opticks book.
Sir Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England on January 4, 1643. He was underdeveloped and very small as a baby, being born a couple months premature to his mother, Hannah Newton. From the time he was a toddler, Newton lived with his grandmother (his father died three months prior to his birth and his mother moved away to get remarried to prosperous minister). Newton would fill his need for parents with God. As a boy, he studied the Bible for days on end, finding inspiration and developing his spiritual character. In fact, his grandmother decided she would enroll him in a school for the mentoring of future ministers. These events would cause Newton to develop a relentless work ethic.
Newton was also involved with telescopes. After his growing interest with light bending, he applied his knowledge of the reflecting and refracting properties of light and invented the first reflective telescopes. Newton's reflective telescopes vastly improve the clarity of images as well as escaping from chromatic abberration. In order to fully understand the concepts and ideas of how a telescopes work, some knowledge of simple optics are required.
This was proved by Issac Newton in 1666, he was the first physicist and mathematician in experimenting with light. After passing a ray of sunlight through a prism, he discovered that the light spread out into several colors such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet (spectrum). To further his experiment, he then used an additional prism and discovered that the same light passing through this second prism reflected as white light again (Mollica 8). Newton is also credited with developing the first Color Wheel, best known as Newton's Circle of
Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 in Woolsthorpe, England where he grew up. His father, also named Isaac Newton, was a prosperous farmer who died three months before Isaacs’s birth. Isaac was born premature; he was very tiny and weak and wasn’t expected to live (bio).