The Ethical Theory Of Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is Morally Wrong

In this paper I will be explicating in depth the ethical theory of Utilitarianism. I will be analyzing the controversy surrounding the theory, as well as the related topics of consequentialism and the idea of what is intrinsically and extrinsically valuable. Utilitarianism, the idea that the best moral decision is the decision that benefits the most people, is a morally wrong ethical theory as it devalues individuals rights and freedoms for the betterment of others.

As we examine the consequences of Utilitarian actions, we see an emphasis on the theory of intrinsic value. Intrinsically valuable actions are described as morally good in themselves and are in some cases a means to an end like helping the poor after a natural disaster. Extrinsically valuable actions are similar in that one would still help the poor, but not because it is the right thing to do, rather because it makes them feel good to help people. It is said that all we place value on today has worth because of it’s close relationship to what is intrinsically good. For example, some people including consequential hedonists view happiness itself as emphasizing pleasure before pain, and hold close to them that such emotions are both intrinsically invaluable and valuable. Additionally, Utilitarians believe we can compare intrinsic values created by opposing actions to calculate the least harmful outcomes. An English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham, held the belief that moral beings could determine the total amount of pleasure and pain, and from that, could determine the amount of good or evil in certain actions.

Consequentialism is another crucial component of Utilitarian ideals. This theory suggests that morality involves deriving the...

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...ts. For example, if ten lives can be saved at the cost of one, Utilitarians feel they have reached a positive outcome. This begs the question of whether or not all people’s lives have equal value as we get down to choosing between who is worthy and unworthy of living at the cost of others.

Proponents of Utilitarianism have trouble refuting their opponents claims as any moral person cannot refute the idea that all men are created equal. This movement to benefit the majority of the people at the cost of only a few may satisfy some, but it dehumanizes others, which ultimately leads me to conclude in favor of the counter-arguments that Utilitarianism is immoral and should be frowned upon by all moral people.

References:

1.) Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter. "Consequentialism." Stanford University. Stanford University, 20 May 2003. Web. 16 Nov. 2016.