The Effects of Temperature on the Action of Enzymes
Aim: To see how changing the temperature affects the action of the
enzyme.
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MY HYPOTHESIS: I think that as the temperature increase the quicker
the reaction will become
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Outline of method
You add ice to 150cm³ of cold water in a beaker to bring its
temperature down to 10cº. Then a fixed volume of hydrogen peroxide is
added to a pre-weighed piece of liver contained in a test tube. Then
the maximum height reached by the foam produce was tabulated. For
temperatures that were needed to be higher then room temperature,
boiling water was heated in a kettle then added to reach the desired
temperature. The procedure was repeated at the following additional
temperatures: 10cº, 20ºC, 30ºC, 40ºC, 50ºC, 60ºC and 70ºC.
Key variables
1.The independent variable, the thing that you change.
2.The dependent variable, the thing that changes because you have
changed independent variable.
3.They control the thing(s) that you keep the same to make a fair
test.
Explained in detail
The thing that I change is the temperature.
The dependent variable should be the height of the foam.
The controls are the same volume of peroxide, the same concentration
is the catalyse and of hydrogen peroxide and the same mass of liver.
Catalyst explained
Catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical
reaction. It does this by reducing the activation energy, but which is
left unchanged by the reaction.
What affect does catalyse have?
Catalyse is a very fast reacting enzyme, it is found in numerous
living cells, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.
One molecule of it can deal with six million molecules of hydrogen
peroxide in 1 minute. Hydrogen peroxide is toxic so needs to be
changed into non-toxic substances.
Fair test
In this Investigation I will keep constant the following;
The same surface area of the liver.
After conducting this experiment and collecting the data I would have to say that the optimal temperature for enzyme activity would have to be room temperature which in my experiment was thirty-four degrees Celsius. I came to this answer because the glucose test strip showed that at room temperature there was more glucose concentration that at either of the other temperatures. Due to temperature extremes in the boiling water the enzymes could no longer function because the breakdown of lactose stopped. The cold water also hindered the breakdown of the lactose but as the water warmed the enzymes were more active which can be seen in the results for the cold water at 20 minutes B. Describe the relationship between pH and the enzymatic activity of lactase.
For example, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and temperature could all be factors that affected the chemical reactions in our experiment. The concentration of substrate, in this case, would not have an affect on how the bovine liver catalase and the yeast would react. The reason why is because in both instances, the substrate (hydrogen peroxide) concentration was 1.5%. Therefore, the hydrogen peroxide would saturate the enzyme and produce the maximum rate of the chemical reaction. The other factor that could affect the rate of reaction is enzyme concentration. Evidently, higher concentrations of catalase in the bovine liver produced faster reactions, and the opposite occurs for lower concentrations of catalase. More enzymes in the catalase solution would collide with the hydrogen peroxide substrate. However, the yeast would react slower than the 400 U/mL solution, but faster than the 40 U/mL. Based on this evidence, I would conclude that the yeast has a higher enzyme concentration than 40 U/mL, but lower than 400
Animal metabolism consists of the utilization of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract and their catabolism as fuel for energy or their conversion into substances of the body. Metabolism is a continuous process because the molecules and even most cells of the body have brief lifetimes and are constantly replaced, while tissue as a whole maintains its characteristic structure. This constant rebuilding process without a net change in the amount of a cell constituent is known as dynamic equilibrium (Grolier1996). In the combustion of food, oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is given off. The rate of oxygen consumption indicates the energy expenditure of an organism, or its metabolic rate (Grolier1996).
The Effect of Temperature on an Enzyme's Ability to Break Down Fat Aim: To investigate the effect of temperature on an enzyme’s (lipase) ability to break down fat. Hypothesis: The graph below shows the rate increasing as the enzymes get closer to their optimum temperature (around 35 degrees Celsius) from room temperature. The enzyme particles are moving quicker because the temperature increases so more collisions and reactions occur between the enzymes and the substrate molecules. After this the graph shows the rate decreasing as the enzymes are past their optimum temperature (higher than). They are getting exposed to temperatures that are too hot and so the proteins are being destroyed.
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What Affects the Rate of Breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide by Enzymes Aim = == The aim of this experiment is to find out how temperature and concentration affect the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by an enzyme (yeast). I hope to achieve reliable results that will confirm my predictions.
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Input variables In this experiment there are two main factors that can affect the rate of the reaction. These key factors can change the rate of the reaction by either increasing it or decreasing it. These were considered and controlled so that they did not disrupt the success of the experiment. Temperature-
The Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity. pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The higher the hydrogen ion concentration, the lower the pH. Most enzymes function efficiently over a narrow pH range. A change in pH above or below this range reduces the rate of enzyme reaction. considerably.
Abstract: Enzymes are catalysts therefore we can state that they work to start a reaction or speed it up. The chemical transformed due to the enzyme (catalase) is known as the substrate. In this lab the chemical used was hydrogen peroxide because it can be broken down by catalase. The substrate in this lab would be hydrogen peroxide and the enzymes used will be catalase which is found in both potatoes and liver. This substrate will fill the active sites on the enzyme and the reaction will vary based on the concentration of both and the different factors in the experiment. Students placed either liver or potatoes in test tubes with the substrate and observed them at different temperatures as well as with different concentrations of the substrate. Upon reviewing observations, it can be concluded that liver contains the greater amount of catalase as its rates of reaction were greater than that of the potato.
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The pH of the solution would alter the rate of the reaction if it was
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction without affecting the products of the reaction and remains unchanged. This experiment focused on increasing the temperature of hydrochloric acid when it reacts with magnesium. The volume of hydrogen gas produced. Independent variables: The temperature of HCl gas will decrease and increase throughout the experiment.
The type seen throughout the human body involve enzyme catalysis. Enzymes are present throughout many key bodily processes and keep the body from malfunctioning. An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by having the substrate bind to its active site.2 This is known as the Lock and Key Theory, which states that only the correctly oriented key (substrate) fits into the key hole (active site) of the lock (enzyme).2 Although this theory makes sense, not all experimental data has explained this concept completely.2 Another theory to better accurately explain this catalysis is known as the Induced-Fit Theory.2 This theory explains how the substrate determines the final form of the enzyme and shows how it is moderately flexible.2 This more accurately explains why some substrates, although fit in the active site, do not react because the enzyme was too distorted.2 Enzymes and substrates only react when perfectly aligned and have the same