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Many literary heroines of the 19th century have sought their end rather than submit to the societal pressures of their time. Ibsen’s deviation from accepted endings like suicide and submission to male superiority sparked controversy throughout Europe, which forced alternate endings to be added onto his work. In Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, despite censorship and audience resistance, the original ending written by Ibsen is undoubtedly the best ending. Due to pressure in Germany to allow the play to be acted, Ibsen was forced to write an alternative ending in which Nora decides to stay with her family. During the argument when Torvald mentions the children, “…to desert your home, your husband, and your children” Nora breaks down and decides to stay …show more content…
The problem with suicide is that it can be depicted as the greatest form of courage and the ultimate weakness. As a strength, suicide is Nora’s last bid for complete control of her life by removing herself from society completely. As a weakness, suicide leaves Nora vulnerable for being a scapegoat for the shame brought upon her family. Suicide also paints Torvald as the victim, Nora was an unfit wife and mother who abandoned her family through death. The abandonment of her children through death leaves no chance for Nora to be able to reconnect with them like she would be able to if she were to strike out on her own looking for her independence. Nora’s children would have psychological problems that would leave them emotionally damaged and leave them with enormous guilt. Suicide presents the same problem the ending in which Nora stays with her family does, reinforcing the role of women as being repressed and controlled by a patriarchal society. This alternate ending does not highlight the message Ibsen was trying to portray like Ibsen’s original
Davies, H. Neville. 1982. "Not just a bang and a whimper: the inconclusiveness of Ibsen's A Doll's House." Critical Quarterly 24:33-34.
Rogers, Katharine M. (1985): ‘‘A Doll House in a Course on Women in Literature,’’ in Approaches to Teaching Ibsen’s A Doll House, Shafer, Yvonne (ed.). New York: Modern Language Association, p.82.
Under protest, Ibsen had to write an alternative ending to the play in which Nora does not leave after thinking of the children. The play ends this time with Torvald exclaiming “Look-there they are, sleeping peacefully and without care. Tomorrow when they wake and call for their mother, they will be…motherless!” Nora after realizing this replies “Motherless! Ah, though it is a sin against myself, I cannot leave them!”.
Edvard Beyer quoted in Aderholts translation of the Henrik Ibsen play, “There is hardly a single line that does not have a demonstrable dramatic function…. And all of a sudden single everyday words take on a double meaning of foreboding undertones.” (2) Nora’s “important thing” and Mrs. Linde’s “[y]ou are a child” are just a few exhibits of Ibsen’s double meanings. “Important thing,” the misrepresentation, a secret, laid the foundation of colored building blocks of their eight years of marriage. Is this truly the start of that first lying block Nora so easily laid down? No, it started with the injustices her father played upon her; treating her as his little doll, a doll to play dress-up and present his doting daughter to others. Subsequently, it was not hard for Torvald to continue Nora’s life as a living doll; his own game within as she is a willing subject. “[Quite] right, Christine. You see, Torvald loves me so indescribably, he wants to have me all to himself, as he says.” (Act II 54) Reveals how Torvald wants his toy all to himself; all along Nora knowing this she plays along with the game. While she keeps Torvald from finding out her biggest secret, she knowingly continues to play the role of Nora the doll; helpless without direction from the puppet master. Impressively Ibsen’s suggestions are lines of double meaning and the game of manipulation between Nora and those surrounding
Over the centuries, writers have used literature to show the societal status and the mind sets of the people in their era. ‘Antigone’, a Greek tragedy, and ‘A Doll’s House’, a highly controversial drama, inhibit the same thematic approach, depicting the oppression and submissiveness of women in male-dominated society and how they overcome their obstacles with firm will, inspiring millions of audiences from then till now. By Antigone’s character, Sophocles portrays a figure through whom he can express his faith in feminism in the 4th century. Likewise, Ibsen’s concerns about the position of women during the 19th century are beautifully breathed to life in ‘A Doll’s House’ through Nora’s transformation from a doll-like puppet to a human. Both of the writ...
The inferior role of Nora is extremely important to her character. Nora is oppressed by a variety of "tyrannical social conventions." Ibsen in his "A Doll's House" depicts the role of women as subordinate in order to emphasize their role in society. Nora is oppressed by the manipulation from Torvald. Torvald has a very typical relationship with society. He is a smug bank manager. With his job arrive many responsibilities. He often treats his wife as if she is one of these responsibilities. Torvald is very authoritative and puts his appearance, both social and physical, ahead of his wife that he supposedly loves. Torvald is a man that is worried about his reputation, and cares little about his wife's feelings.
According to Henrik Ibsen, the institution of marriage was secure. Women did not even have the thought of leaving their husbands and the roles within the marriage were clearly defined. In the play, A Doll’s House, it questions certain perspectives as it relates to traditional attitudes, which is highly debatable and provokes intense criticism. Furthermore, in order to fully explain, one must understand characterization, theme, and the use of symbols throughout the play.
Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is a three-act play significant for its attitude toward marriage norms. In the drama, Ibsen explores idealism between the wife Nora and her husband Helmer. Nora’s and Helmer’s idealism forces the pair to see themselves and each other starring in various idealist scenarios of female sacrifice and heroic male rescue. As a play, the scenes are act out on stage. The staging of a house reveals the dramaturgical aspects and dynamics of the play. The presence of the house is significant to the depiction of women on stage. The action of the play traces Nora’s relationship to the house. Ibsen’s play focuses on the aspect of the expected idealism of the wife and husband, and how the domestic abode can hinder freedom.
Ibsen uses Nora and Torvald to illustrate the internal struggle individuals face when in an unhealthy relationship. Specifically to A Doll’s House plot, suppressing one’s desires and happiness in order to uphold social standing is disastrous for both individuals. By appointing one person to a specific role in a relationship, it offers no creativity or space for freedom of expression. The gender roles Nora faced stopped her from reaching her full level of happiness and her revelation was destined to happen eventually, even eight years into a
In the play A Doll House, by Henrik Ibsen, Nora and Torvald’s marriage seems to have been torn apart by Krogstad’s extortion plot, but in reality their marriage would have ended even without the events in the play. Torvald’s obsession with his public appearance will eventually cause him to break the marriage. Nora’s need for an identity will ultimately cause her to leave Torvald, even without Krogstad’s plot. Lastly, the amount of deception and dishonesty between Torvald and Nora would have resulted in the same conclusion sooner or later. In this essay, I will argue that Nora and Torvald’s relationship would have ended even without Krogstad’s extortion plot.
In conclusion, Henrik Ibsen expresses his opinion of men being overly obsessed with their self-image and in particular their reputation. This is displayed through the actions of Torvald, in particular from the Tarantella dance, firing of Krogstad, and following societal norms such as marriage. He even blends into society so that others will not develop a suspicion in his decisions. Torvald's mind is fogged by a constant desire to improve and maintain a dominant self-image. Upon realization that prioritizing himself over Nora lead to his ultimate downfall, Nora leaves him. All Torvald was ever left with in the end was a guilty and regretful heart.
While it was important to highlight the oppression of women in marriage and Nora’s dramatic exit served a valuable purpose to Ibsen’s thesis, It may have also been very effective if the last scene ended less shockingly. Audiences would have dealt more calmly with an ending in which Nora did not completely desert her family. If the end were different it may have benefited the overall mission of the play in ways, such as, more people attending shows and gaining the message without disturbing their moral beliefs too much. Also, the avoidance of a cliff hanger, an attribute of dramas that does not get along with many in the light of such a controversial topic. An alternate ending composed so that Nora could find herself and return with her family may have increased the approval of, A Doll's House, and allow it to end on a more settling note.
Torvald expects Nora to agree with what he says and thinks, and commit her life to keeping the family happy by being a housewife. But Nora defies the roles that she is expected to have as being a wife, a woman, and a friend. As a wife, Nora spends Torvald’s money on macarons which are forbidden and attempts to earn her own money while going against what her husband tells her, because she wants to be an independent person with her own opinions. The trip to the south and borrowing money was all done by her, and in the end of the play Nora ultimately goes against the expectations set upon her by leaving the house to live on her own to gain knowledge and experience, but leaves behind her husband and children who she is responsible for taking care of. As a woman, she does not have the authority to disagree with her husband or try to influence his actions. Torvald says, “If it ever got around that the new manager had been talked over by his wife…” (Ibsen 42) showing that it would be a laughing matter if a woman had an idea, but Nora still makes many attempts to persuade her husband. As a friend, Nora is expected to know her role which is a listener and supporter for Mrs. Linde and just an acquaintance to Dr. Rank, but the relationship with Dr. Rank goes beyond what is acceptable. When Dr. Rank confesses his feelings for Nora she is very upset because they can no longer flirt with each other now that the feelings are real. Her role is to be a loyal wife to her husband, which she is, but Ibsen uses the flirtatious dialect between the two to show that there are mutual feelings and that confessing them brings the relationship beyond what is allowed. As Nora challenges all of these roles, she is gradually becoming more stressed and eventually breaks down and leaves her husband, which demonstrates the effect of the unrealistic expectations to uphold the roles of
Sorrow and angst swirled inside; Elsie and Lil captivated me by their strength. Society can have a profound impact on a child’s view and perceptions of the world, dictating the cultural norms on how we treat those in different social classes. In The Doll’s House by Katherine Mansfield, we see the theme of class distinction and the influences a parent has on how children view the world. Furthermore, society’s norms impact upon Kezia, Elsie and Lil.
Although the title, “A Doll’s House”, serves as the foreshadowing of the play’s plot, and the characterization of Nora Helmer, the protagonist, it does not in any way predict the unexpected ending; the ending that essentially upset Ibsen’s audience in the 19th century and served as a great promotion of the play and giving recognition to Ibsen as a playwright.