The Effect of Voltage on a Current Through a Filament Lamp
Equipment:
· Power Supply. (Ranging from 0V to 6V).
· Variable Resistor.
· Ammeter.
· Voltmeter.
· 6V Filament Lamp.
· 7 Wires.
Definitions:
Ammeter - This is a device that measures the current of electrons in Amps. It has to be placed in Series on the circuit.
Voltmeter - This is a device for measuring the potential difference of the electrons in the circuit. They are measured in Volts. It is placed in Parallel.
Variable Resistor - This acts in the same way as a normal resistor, to resist the current,
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The Resistance, of any conductor is given by the equation:
R=V/I
The electrons were gaining more and more energy from the rising voltage and atoms were beginning to collide faster and harder, with more power each time. The speed of collisions increased so much that the temperature started to rise. Increased temperature meant electrons were still getting even more energy, constantly giving them more energy. This also meant it was getting more difficult for the electrons get passed, therefore resistance increased.
The resistance is greater when the light bulb is hotter, because when any material is heated, the atoms making up that material vibrate over a larger distance more than they usually do. This vibration of atoms can get in the way of passing electrons and therefore results in fewer electrons getting through and a higher resistance. Also, the reason the filament in the light bulb heats up and glows is because the electrons passing by at a normal speed will still knock into atoms. Although it is not as frequent as at high temperatures, the
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The experiment was also extremely accurate. We read and recorded our results in milliamps (a thousandth of an amp), making them very precise.
· How good are your results?
Generally, the results we collected are really accurate. Yet there a two pairs of readings that is quite different. When the voltage was at 2.5 V and then again at 4.5V the 1st and 2nd readings have quite a difference between compared to the rest. Fortunately this does not bias the overall results (the curve on the graph) so it isn’t really that significant.
· How could you improve your experiment?
The experiment could be improved in a couple of ways, one being the amount in which the voltage was increased by. For example, the voltage would still range from 0V to 6V but instead of having 0.5V intervals you could have 0.25V. You could also do more repeat readings, so the average result was more exact.
· How could you further your investigation?
Different lamps with different voltage limits could be used. E.g.
the replicate shows the same trend as the first experiment. I used a measuring cylinder and a beaker to measure out the amounts of water; however these did not seem to affect the quality of my results. To increase the accuracy of my results I could have perhaps used a burette. Even though I did the best I could to keep the experiment accurate, I did. some places there were mistakes that unintentionally occurred.
Two electrical wires * Stopwatch * Thermometer Method I put a piece of Elodea Canadensis (pond weed) in a test tube and covered it with water. The test tube was then placed in a beaker with a thermometer so that the water stayed the same temperature, this was then placed in a cardboard box with a bulb attached to a voltmeter by the electrical wires so that I could concentrate how much light the plant got. I varied the voltage (intensity) of the bulb and counted how many bubbles of oxygen were created at each voltage in one minute. I tested each voltage three times for accuracy for a minute each time. Results Preliminary Experiment Amount of bubbles Light intensity (lux)
Predict what would happen if you changed one of the following while the number of candles stay the same.
The Effect of Intensity on the Power of Solar Cells This experiment involves changing the intensity of light falling on different cells and measuring their power outputs. Higher intensity of light means that there are more photons hitting the surface of the cell per unit area per second. The more hit the cell, the more rapidly the electrons move across the p-n junction, so the larger the emf produced. If the rate of movement of electrons is inhibited, then the greater the rate of supply of photons (intensity), the more will not successfully excite an electron, so the lower the efficiency of the cell.
The nature of humans is to seek happiness, which may possibly result in chasing illusions rather than settling for harsh realities. In “The Lamp at Noon”, Sinclair Ross uses the wishes of the characters Paul and Ellen, as well as their difficult situation to contrast the concepts of dreams and realities. Specifically, Ross displays the gap between dreams and realities through Paul’s hope for the land to return and his ideal of being a successful farmer to explain that what outcomes may occur if one neglects reality and blindly pursues their dream. Paul wishes to stay on the farmland and believes that the land will be able to cultivate crops. However, Ellen persists that where they are living is a “desert” and reminds him of “the lamp lit at noon” (Ross
As the temperature increases, the movements of molecules also increase. This is the kinetic theory. When the temperature is increased the particles gain more energy and therefore move around faster. This gives the particles more of a chance with other particles and with more force.
I also decided to use a wooden block to keep hold of the wire, because
• An increase in the temperature of the system will increase the rate of reaction. Again, using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution diagram, we can see how the temperature affects the reaction rate by seeing that an increase in temperature increases the average amount of energy of the reacting particles, thus giving more particles sufficient energy to react.
Factors Affecting the Resistance of a Wire The aim of this experiment is to investigate one factor that affect the resistance of a wire. I will do this by performing an experiment. First I will need to identify the factors that effect resistance. There are a few factors that affect the resistance, it is determined by the properties an object has.
-Voltmeter -Variable resistor -Power Supply -Various diameters of wire -Crocodile clips -Metre ruler [ IMAGE] Diagram:.. Secondary Source - (Obtained in A-level PHYSICS by Roger Muncaster). Page 536 - "The 'Page The electrical resistivity of a material is defined by R = L / A Where R = Resistance of some conductor(Î).
This obviously increases the number of collisions, too.. [ IMAGE] Faster collisions increase the rate of reaction. High temperatures also increase the energy of the collision, because it makes all the particles move faster. Faster collisions are only caused by increasing the temperature. Reactions only happen if the particles collide with enough energy.
the distance from the light source to the plant. Output - The rate of photosynthesis is to be measured by counting the bubbles of oxygen produced by the plant every two minutes, and therefore finding the rate of photosynthesis. Control - The amount of water available to the Elodea will stay the same. same level as the 400 cm3 beaker. The colour of the lamp will stay the same (yellow) as to plants Chlorophyll easily absorbs blue light.
Ultimately when conducting this experiment I need to look at how to determine chemical change and how to measure
Thomas Alva Edison is a very well-known American inventor. He invented about 1093 devices that influenced us greatly, such as light bulb, microphone, telephone receiver, universal stock ticker, phonograph, kinetoscope (used to view moving pictures), storage battery, electric pen, and mimeograph. Edison also improved many other existing devices as well. In the period from 1878 to 1880, Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp. Edison and his associates worked on at least three thousand different theories to develop an efficient incandescent lamp. In 1878, Edison built his first high resistance incandescent electric light. Incandescent lamps make light by using electricity to heat a thin strip of material (called a filament) until it gets hot enough to glow. Many inventors had tried to perfect incandescent lamps to "sub-divide" electric light or make it smaller and weaker than it was in the existing arc lamps, which were too bright to be used for small spaces such as the rooms of a house.Edison's lamp would consist of a filament ho...