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Problem of the spread of infectious diseases
Management of the ebola virus
History of Ebola and its effects
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Recommended: Problem of the spread of infectious diseases
Often people are reluctant to become involved in a situation unless it directly affects them. This paper will prove that the Ebola virus is a serious problem facing the world’s population. In the United States today, we are not at risk for being infected; however, it is better to be prepared for the worst than to be caught off guard. AIDS was the first of these African viruses to escape the wilds of the Third World and harm others in the world. AIDS was ignored for too long before it began its' global rampage.
Ebola, which was first encountered by humans in 1976, has slowly been weaving its way into the human race. In 2014, Ebola began to strike humans outside of Africa. This is a scary time for Americans as well as all inhabitants of our global community.
When Kimfumu, a 36 year old lab technician, became sick in Kikwit around the beginning of April, 1995, the hospital personnel treating him were puzzled (Brownlee 59). After operations on both April 9th and 10th, the doctors continued to mull over what was causing Kimfumu’s uncontrollable hemorrhages. Four days later Kimfumu died (59). Both nurses and nuns who cared for Kimfumu fell ill shortly following his death, and soon all died (Cowley 49).
Suddenly messages went out to all the major health organizations around the world, primarily the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta and the World Health Organization (WHO) (Cowley 48). The doctors in the city of Kikwit, the viruses epicenter, knew something was terribly wrong as more and more people began exhibiting the same symptoms. The CDC identified the virus causing this devastating illness to be Ebola. However, this was an entirely new strain, not Ebola-Zaire or Ebola-Suda...
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...ow before we are on the brink of destruction.
Bibliography:
Brownlee, Shannon, and others. “Horror in the Hot Zone.” U.S. News and World Report
22 May. 1995: 52-63.
Brownleek, Shannon. “The Most Persistent Virus.” U.S. News and World Report 29 May. 1995: 43-49.
Caldwell, Mark. “Ebola Tamed-for Now.” Discover January 1996: 16-21.
Contreras, Joseph. “On Scene in the Hot Zone.” Newsweek 29 May. 1996: 49-51.
Cowley, Geoffrey. “Outbreak of Fear.” Newsweek 22 May. 1996: 48-53.
Guntheroth, Horst. “Ebola: Death in the Jungle.” World Press Review August. 1995: 36-38.
Hamilton, Joan. “The Point Man in Germ Warfare.” Business Week 21 August. 1995: 72-74.
Morell, Virginia. “Chimpanzee Outbreak Heats up Search for Ebola Origin.” Science 19 May. 1995: 974-976.
Purvis, Andrew. “Where does Ebola Hide?” Time 4 March. 1996: 59-60.
In order to better understand the historical context of nuclear development it seems to me as though Iversen dove into a fair amount of investigative journalism. The book focuses primarily on the events of Rocky Flats and her life through a narrative nonfiction interpretation. By providing a journalist approach, Iversen makes it easy for the reader to build a relationship with the characters presented throughout the book. At times I found myself visualizing the intensity of the fires, the whirlwind of emotions from locals, and the lasting environmental impacts that would not only plague Colorado, but taint the reputation of what it means to be human.
The viruses are spread in many different ways in the novel, but all are due to human mistakes. One of the most common forms of errors found in the medical field is the recycling of soiled equipment. The repeated use of dirty medical equipment is found commonly in the poor regions of the world where resources are limited and fundings are bound. This is an example of the errors the human race performs that lead to disaster.
This virus searches for a new vulnerable host in order to survive and carry the disease to the next victim. The critical aspect around the spread of a virus is how drastically the reproduction process occurs. Without being controlled, the contamination throughout any species causes the spread to take place in a toxic way, “On day one, there were two people. And then, four, and then, sixteen. In three months, it’s a billion.
It is so lethal that nine out of ten of its victims die. Later, geniuses at USAMRIID found out that it wasn't Zaire! but a new strain of Ebola. which they named Ebola Reston. This was added to the list of strains: Ebola.
When a shipment of Crab-Eating Monkeys came in, two monkeys were already dead. This was not unusual because some monkeys die during shipments. But, as more and more monkeys died over a few weeks, Bill Volt, the manager of the monkey house, became concerned. He would watch the monkeys, and if the monkeys had red eyes, they would die over the next few days. He called in Dan Dalgard, a doctor, to find out what was happening. Dan kept a journal as more and more monkeys died. After cutting one open, he thought the monkeys may have had Simian Hemorrhagic Fever, or SHF. After sending in a sample, Tom Geisbert, an Intern at USAMRIID, thought it looked like Marburg. After telling his boss, Peter Jahrling, of his findings, together they conducted a few more tests. After finding out that it was Ebola or something closely related, C.J. Peters gathered a team of experts to explore further. After shutting down the factory and killing the monkeys, they examined the corpse. They concluded that this was a new type of Ebola. They named it Ebola Reston. Ebola Reston traveled through air and only infected
that transmitted the HIV virus to humans through bites (Forsyth). As people migrated it reached Haiti and then spread to America (Clark p. 65).
Imagine walking into a tiny village in Africa, suffering and dying from some unknown virus. As you approach the huts you hear the wails of pure agony from the afflicted tribe members. Coming closer, you smell the stench of vomit mixed with the bitter smell of warm blood. People inside lay dying in pools of their own vital fluids, coughing and vomiting up their own liquefied internal organs; their faces emotionless masks loosely hanging from their skulls, the connective tissue and collagen in their bodies turned to mush. Their skin bubbled up into a sea of tiny white blisters and spontaneous rips occurring at the slightest touch, pouring blood that refuses to coagulate. Hemmorging and massive clotting underneath the skin causing black and blue bruises all over the body. Their mouths bleeding around their teeth from hemorrhaging saliva glands and the sloughing off of their own tongues, throat lining, and wind pipe, crying tears of pure blood from hemorrhaging tear ducts and the disintegration of the eyeball lining and bleeding from every opening on the body. You see the blood spattered room and pools of black vomit, expelled during the epileptic convulsions that accompany the last stages of death. Their hearts have bled into themselves, heart muscles softened and hemorrhaging , the brain clogged with dead blood cells (sludging of the brain), the liver bulging and yellow with deep cracks and the spleen a single hard blood clot. Babies with bloody noses born with red eyes lay dead from spontaneous abortions of affected mothers. It is the human slate-wiper, the invisible ultimate death, the filovirus named Ebola.
Kolata, Gina. “Experts Unlock Clues to Spread of 1918 Virus.” New York Times. 6 Oct. 2005. 23 July. 2008
Ebola, a virus which acquires its name from the Ebola River (located in Zaire, Africa), first emerged in September 1976, when it erupted simultaneously in 55 villages near the headwaters of the river. It seemed to come out of nowhere, and resulted in the deaths of nine out of every ten victims. Although it originated over 20 years ago, it still remains as a fear among African citizens, where the virus has reappeared occasionally in parts of the continent. In fact, and outbreak of the Ebola virus has been reported in Kampala, Uganda just recently, and is still a problem to this very day. Ebola causes severe viral hemorrhagic fevers in humans and monkeys, and has a 90 % fatality rate. Though there is no cure for the disease, researchers have found limited medical possibilities to help prevent one from catching this horrible virus.
The Ebola virus was discovered in 1976. It has four strains, each from a different geographic area, but all give their victims the same painful, often lethal symptoms.
“The Hot Zone,” by Richard Preston, is a thriller true story that explains an incident in a suburb outside of Washington D.C. in 1989. The book focuses on four Biohazard level 4 viruses: Marburg, Ebola Sudan, Ebola Zaire, and Ebola Reston. In the beginning we are introduced to some background cases, such as Charles Monet and Dr. Shem Musoke. As the book goes on we learn about how a strain of the Ebola virus broke out at a monkey facility, outside of the nation’s capital, in Reston, Virginia. The Army and the C.D.C. worked together to contain the situation and was later known that this form of Ebola was not harmful to humans. The overall theme of the book is never underestimate the power of nature because it is filled with great mystery and
In 1976 the first two Ebola outbreaks were recorded. In Zaire and western Sudan five hundred and fifty people reported the horrible disease. Of the five hundred and fifty reported three hundred and forty innocent people died. Again in 1995 Ebola reportedly broke out in Zaire, this time infecting over two hundred and killing one hundred and sixty. (Bib4, Musilam, 1)
...ary 2014)”. The Ebola epidemic helps remind the U.S. That other nations are there to work with them, and unite to prevent a rapid growing disease. CDC partners with programs from other nations, such as the Global Disease Detection Centers, and the Field Epidemiology Training Program, which work to stop the Ebola virus. Information systems will grow stronger, more partnerships dedicated to stopping outbreaks will be formed and laboratory security will also grow. The writer of the paper cannot agree more to this.
Epidemics and outbreaks have been a recurring problem throughout history. Now for the first time we have the use of technology to warn the public about certain outbreaks, and to help make populations aware before the disease spreads. Technology can't stop an outbreak, but it can educate those that need to be prepared and ready for the situation of how to reduce the impact. One example of a recent epidemic is the Ebola outbreak in Africa. Ebola is a fatal and deadly disease, as well as being very infectious. Initial symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, and chills. Following, a person may experience internal bleeding resulting in vomiting and coughing blood. However technology can be very useful in that not everyone has access to it, especially for those that live in remote communities.
This ebola virus become a huge outbreak over the past year. I can’t believe how fast this disease has infected so