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Relationship between spoken language and written language
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Written language system started out from the Mesopotamian cuneiform and the first language that was written was Sumerian. The first written documents dated back 3200BC in the city of Uruk, and are still in use. The Sumerian symbols were depicted as pictographic objects labeled by the words. Spoken language is converted into an abstract code, and reading it is the speech changed back (Aronoff & Rees-Miller, 2001). The expressions written and spoken have totally distinctive definitions, the term written means language that can be drawn onto paper and read, while spoken language is expressed through speech and heard once without the use of such things as recording. Knowledge can be obtained from these two different sorts of language, in different …show more content…
Written language is mostly linked with political and economic power and appreciated in literature in which grants high prestige among literate societies. Written language shifted in pursuit of gaining and the passing on academic and direct knowledge. An advantage that written language has over spoken language is that language change is nominal. Oral communication goes through the frequent change where speakers are oblivious. Written language is permanent and standardized, where the change is uncommon and slow. The knowledge gained from written language is undeniably constant and proper, whereas spoken language has many dialects among many domains and social groups that are vulnerable to frequent change. In the intricate societies we dwell in, it is essential to have one definite norm of written form for the means of communications. Governments and educational institutes have codified and standardized this written form of languages (Bright, …show more content…
Written language is more intricate and complex than speech with longer sentences and explicitness. In the way of knowing in spoken language, the concurrent situations, and knowledge are shared between speaker and listener meaning that spoken language can be presumed and does not need to be precise. Nowadays there are far more text types in representing written literature in various formalities, these include letters, newspapers, blogs etc. Spoken language can be a handled similarly through different forms of dialects and accents. Moreover, knowledge of spoken language can be transferred to a greater level of immediacy with less retaining. The articulation in meaning can be moved to the listener through gestures, intonations, pauses etc (Ferraro & Palmer, n.d.). In my experience in learning Japanese, the written form has given me significant knowledge in compared with the spoken form. My knowledge of Japanese language and culture as a whole was based on the written knowledge. The intricately documented newspapers, comics, novels and articles have expanded my knowledge of reading and writing. I have progressively took in new logographic symbols the more I read in compared with speaking. Also watching TV shows with Japanese subtitles helped more in order to gain academic knowledge. To conclude, the written language is superior to the spoken form, as it is a record of the
Cuneiform was the first ever form of writing. The Sumerians were the main inventors of this writing. The symbol as we know them now consist of lines and wedges. One of the
Written language was an important milestone in human history. It enabled the recording of history, dreams and tragedy. It allowed for commercial and historical record keeping. It allowed human beings to imprint thoughts on paper, for sharing, later review or just for fun. What about societies that never developed a written language? Could such a society rival one with that has? When advances of Sumerian city-states are compared to that of Teotihuacan there are a few instances where the Mesoamerican city appears to be more advanced. However, if ranked these appearances do not place Teotihuacan ahead of any one of Sumer's Mesopotamian city-states.
Writing, according to an article in Times Magazine titled “Is Texting Killing the English Language” by John McWhorter, is an art that has been around for about 5,500 years. Since writing is deliberate and takes more time to compose, it’s usually better thought out and sounds more sophisticated. Speech, on the other hand, is more of an “unconscious” practice.
Writing is perhaps the most important building block of communication - after verbal speech, of course. Writing, like most of human civilization, has its roots in ancient Mesopotamia. The first writing systems began in a style known as cuneiform (Cuneiform, 2013). These wedge-shaped markings have their roots in Sumerian culture and were used predominantly for record keeping and accounting. At the archaeological site of Uruk in what is modern day Iraq, a great wealth of knowledge has been gained from the artifacts located there. Uruk was a ceremonial site and is home to the world’s oldest known documented written documents (Price and Feinman, 2013). The documents discovered list quantities of goods that may have been stored at Uruk, leading archaeologists to believe that writing in this part of the world was developed primarily to keep lists of transactions and stockpiled quantities of goods located at the site.
From an article notifying of the current situations of Guinea, one individual transmits a message through those reading to be enlightened by these events and persuade those who wish to keep languages intact and structure secured by informing of educational aid through technology. Through Tina Rosenberg, she will brief the readers over the conflicts in Africa as well as bring up the language system of N’Ko that is benefiting the education system throughout the land. Within the article, “Everyone Speaks Text Message,” by Tina Rosenberg, the author conveys a formal method in her writing to establish a connection of new education through the usage of proving expert opinions, allowing blunt perspectives through maxims, toying with sarcasm through satire, and finally viewing an oxymoron in the piece, we see a collection of devices used to aid African borders and its communication as well as help those who wish to preserve languages.
The earliest writing in Mesopotamia was a picture writing invented by the Sumerians who wrote on clay tablets using long reeds. The script the Sumerians invented and handed down to the Semitic peoples who conquered Mesopotamia in later centuries, is called cuneiform, which is derived from two Latin words: cuneus , which means "wedge," and forma , which means "shape." This picture language, similar to but more abstract than Egyptian hieroglyphics, eventually developed into a syllabic alphabet under the Semites (Assyrians and Babylonians) who eventually came to dominate the area.
The English language is continuously changing, due to influences from around the world. He notes the tendency of English writing and political speeches to make verbs phrases and to write or speak in the passive tense, which creates wordy sentences. The writers use unnecessary verbs and nouns to increase the amount of words and to make their writing sound impressive.
While one side favors “origins in the visual arts, pictograms of things being transformed into increasingly abstract symbols for things, names, and eventually words in speech”3, the other believes that “writing grew out of the pieces of clay in assorted sizes and shapes that Sumerian accountants had used as tokens to keep track of livestock and stores of grain. ”4 Cuneiform was initially used for recording economic information such as documents about property, inventory, and even taxes according to Dr. Damerow. He agrees with the idea that “writing appeared to have developed in two stages, first as a new but limited means of recording economic information, later as a broader encoding of spoken language for stories, arguments, descriptions or messages from one ruler to another. ”5 One thing that is almost agreed upon by everyone is the realization that writing was not initially a direct delivery of speech.
Around the year 500 BC a new form of writing, the Demotic in which the formal way of writing hieroglyphics were written alongside the Greek text on the Rosetta Stone, came into light. It was phonetic, semi-alphabetical and a language that can be spoken in, which later developed into a language of religion, culture and literature.
In ancient times mankind used the spoken word in order to tell stories to one another. This tradition carried on until the year 3500 -3000 BCE., when the earliest known written language to man appeared in southern Mesopotamia in the city of Sumer (Mark). As the written language progressed from symbols and images to words with sounds, people began to switch their method of storytelling to the written language, or literature. Some of the earliest works of literature still studied today comes from the Ancient Mediterranean lands. These stories, written in various formats, tell of the nature of all things involving gods, men, and the world that surrounded the people of the time.
The purpose of this essay will be to examine which writing system is more desirable, semanto-phonetic writing or alphabetical writing. In order to get better understanding in this thesis statement, semanto-phonetic writing and alphabetical writing should be broadly defined. Alphabetic writing systems represent the phonological structure of the language while the symbols used in semanto-phonetic writing systems often represent both sound and meaning. Semanto-phonetic writing is more desirable than alphabetical writing because its advantages are more than that of alphabetical writing. This essay will express four main advantages of semanto-phonetic writing, including able to be understood across time and space, greater aesthetic interest and easy to read. To make it more specific and clearer, Chinese writing would be taken as example of semanto-phonetic writing to compare with English writing, which is an example of alphabetical writing in this essay.
Languages are continually changing and developing, and these changes occur in many different ways and for a variety of reasons. Language change is detectable to some extent in all languages, and ‘similar paths of change’ can be recognised in numerous unrelated languages (Bybee, 2015, p. 139). Since users of language all over the world have ‘the same mental processes’ and ‘use communication for the same or very similar ends’ (Bybee, 2015, p. 1), similar changes occur on the same linguistic aspects, and in many cases these changes produce similar results in multiple languages. However, language change is limited by the function it performs. Languages must be learnt to such an extent which allows communication between the generation above and below one’s own (McMahon, 1994, p. 5). Hence language change is a gradual, lethargic process, as only small changes in
People need to adapt their use of language to suit the participating audience. Culture and exposure to different contexts define the contact of society and the way each group of people are going to interact. Historically, only a fraction of the languages of the world have been written (Coulmas, 2013). Verbal communication is highly relied on to make meaning as mentioned in Crystal,(2005), Unique features of speech include most of the prosody, the many variations of intonation, loudness, tempo, rhythm, and other tones of voice cannot be written down with much efficiency. Adaptation and the ability to understand alternative ways to communicate are vital aspects of using written and spoken English in a way of
In the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, many civilizations have developed. One of these civilizations was ancient Sumer, the first civilization to have a written language. Written language was used in ancient times to keep records of information such as profit gained from goods and taxes. Writing has existed since 3,200 B.C. Since ancient Sumer, writing has developed in flourished all over the world in places like Mesoamerica, Egypt, China, and eventually Western Civilization. Written language has become extremely important because it allows us to communicate with others, record information, and spread ideas.
Text linguistics is a “discipline which analyses the linguistic regularities and constitutive features of texts” (Bussmann, 1996: 1190). According to this definition, text linguistics is mainly concerned with studying the features that every piece of writing should have in order to be considered as a text. It is also defined by Noth (1977 in Al-Massri, 2013:33) as “the branch of linguistics in which the methods of linguistic analysis are extended to the level of text.” This means that text linguistics aims at producing rules and methods that can be used to analyze the whole text. This approach has been put forward by the two scholars Robert-Alain de Beaugrande and Wolfgang U. Dressler in their seminal book “Introduction to Text Linguistics”, in 1981. The study of texts in linguistic studies starts in