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Computer crimes and criminal justice
Computer crimes and criminal justice
Computer crimes and criminal justice
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The Computer Misuse Act 1990 The Computer Misuse act is in place to prevent users using computers in an abusive way to the owner, whether this is a single owner or business/organisation. It covers activities such as hacking & viruses E.g. Trojans & Worms. The act applies to all users of computers in a business/organisation or single user. There are no obligations by an organisation to comply with the act. However, there must be sufficient evidence that such an offence has been committed. Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 =========================================== This act governs the rules under which it is legal to spy on someone * Tape their phone * Open their mail * Bug their home, office or vehicle * Intercept email * Monitor web usage. The act is in place to protect the rights of humans by public authorities, so they cannot be unlawfully harassed or disturbed. However, if a warrant is issued then authorities have the right to do the needful. In the event of a warrant being issued all communication service providers (CSP’s) may also be obliged to provide the necessary assistance in giving effect to an interception warrant. The CSP’s may also be obliged to maintain permanent access for the authorities. Data Protection Act 1998 ======================== The Data Protection Act 1998 came into force 1st March 2000. The act is concerned with processing personnel information (bank details, National Insurance Numbers, Tax Information etc) and it applies to personnel information held electronically or via paper media. The act requires people who are in a... ... middle of paper ... ...amples were given. www.hm-treasury.gov.uk Although I did not use this site as much as I used the other two sites, this site helped me a fair amount with two legislations in particular. These were: Money Laundering Regulations 2003 & Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. The HM-treasury website is a financial Information site, the above two legislations are financially linked, which is why the site gave in depth information about the legislations. http://europa.eu.int/eur The final website that would be of use would be one to do with EU(European Union) rules and regulations. The United Kingdom is a member state of the EU, therefore must go by what rules and regulations are set by the EU. Although I did not use this site a deal, it always came up when acts or regulations were inputted into the search engine.
The primary purpose of the “Statute of Frauds” (SOF) is to protect the interests of parties once they are involved in litigating a contract dispute (Spagnola, 2008). The relevant statutes are reliant upon state jurisdictions to determine whether the contract falls under the SOF, and whether the writing of the contract satisfies the requirements of the statute of frauds (Spagnola, 2008). However, all contracts are not covered under the SOF. In essence, for a contract to be deemed as legal by definition of the SOF, there must be verification of the following requirements for formation of the contract, which are as follows: (1) There must be least two parties to the contract, (2) There must be a mutual agreement and acceptance on the price to pay for goods and services offered, (3) The subject matter or reason for entering the contract, must be clearly understood by all parties to the contract, (4) and there must be a stipulated time for performance of duties under the contractual obligations (Spagnola, 2008). Lastly, there are five categories of contracts that are covered under the SOF, which are as follows: (1) The transfer of real property interests, (2) Contracts that are not performable within one year, (3) Contracts in consideration of marriage, (4) Surtees and guarantees (answering to the debt of another), and (5) Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C.) provisions regarding the sale of goods or services, legally valued over five hundred dollars ($500.00) (Spagnola, 2008).
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 can be termed as a major overhaul of the communications law in the past sixty-two years. The main aim of this Act is to enable any communications firm to enter the market and compete against one another based on fair and just practices (“The Telecommunications Act 1996,” The Federal Communications Commission). This Act has the potential to radically change the lives of the people in a number of different ways. For instance it has affected the telephone services both local and long distance, cable programming and other video services, broadcast services and services provided to schools. The Federal Communications Commission has actively endorsed this Act and has worked towards the enforcement and implementation of the various clauses listed in the document. The Act was basically brought into existence in order to promote competition and reduce regulation so that lower prices and higher quality services for the Americans consumers may be secured.
For so many years, this nation has been creating policies and laws to protect the people and their way of life. One particular law that was passed still creates a lot of confusion on whether this law pertains to them or not. The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act is a federal law to protect workers, their families, and society from sudden or unforeseen job losses due to plant closings and massive layoffs. The WARN Act was originally enacted on August 4, 1988, but it evidentially became effective on February 4, 1989 (Department of Labor, 2013).
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) of 1986 is a foundational piece of legislation that has shaped computer crime laws for the United States. It was spawned from Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984, Section 1030 that established three new federal crimes to address computer crimes. According to Sam Taterka, “Congress tailored the statute to three specific government interests: national security, financial records, and government property” (Taterka, 2016). The statue was criticized for the narrow range of issues it covered and vague language.
Johnson, T. (2011). S.P.I.D.E.R. A strategy for evaluating websites. Library Media Connection, 29(6), 58-59. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=a1fe208a-6fb8-4e68-8191-7ef041e2d483%40sessionmgr111&vid=25&hid=113
"Internet History Sourcebooks Project." Internet History Sourcebooks Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. .
Homeland Security is one of the most important departments in the United States. The United States Department of Homeland Security job is to reduce our vulnerability to terrorism and lead a national effort to help prevent terrorist attacks on our nation (Computer Concept, pg. 50). As technology evolves over the course of time, computers end up playing a crucial role in homeland security.
The Stop Online Piracy Act was proposed in January of 2012. SOPA was a legislative act that attempted to prevent piracy through DNS blocking and censorship. The legislation caused the protest and blackout of multiple online internet services including Reddit, 4Chan, Google, Wikipedia, Mozilla, and Tumblr. Now, internet users are faced with another possible challenge called the Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act, or CISPA. CISPA was quickly passed by the House of Representatives on April 26th, 2012, and is now being processed through the Senate (Beadon). CISPA's purpose is to promote national cybersecurity through allowing private companies and the federal government to exchange users' private information, including emails and text messages, with complete legal immunity and one hundred percent anonymity. To some, CISPA appears as SOPA 2.0, another attempt to further limit American rights and privacy. Meanwhile, to others, CISPA appears as a milestone that needs to be reached in order to advance technologically and improve the nation's security. CISPA's purpose appears noble, but the current version of the legislation at least requires a revision due to its privacy invading policies, vague terminology, possible restrictions of internet freedom, and violation of the Fourth Amendment.
Internet a bad name. There is also information on the Net that could be harmful
The computer is considered one of the most technological advances of the twentieth century. As the general public becomes increasingly ‘computer literate,' the gap between technology and peoples' intellect notably shrinks. The readily available computers, software, and assorted output devices have enlightened many but, in turn, have increased the using of computers for unethical activities, privacy invasion and illegal purposes. Legal sanctions against abusive use of computers are a reactive approach. A proactive approach is to teach students about computer ethics in classrooms. An effective teaching method are the presentation of ethical scenarios. It is anticipated that through this method, students will personalize the need for developing ethical standards of behavior. The ultimate goal is for students, if necessary, to change their set of personal beliefs to include ethics.
The Health and Safety Act of 1974 was set up as a means to protect
It is considered the world’s largest site for readers and for book recommendations and it counts with 40
All of us know about the crimes committed every day by people all over the world. Theft, assault, grand theft auto, underage drinking, fraud, prostitution, and rape. But what about crimes on the internet? Last year, SOPA (Stop Online Piracy Act) was introduced to the world. If this bill was passed, many sites would have to censor certain pieces of information, as well as remove a lot of the content already uploaded. SOPA would also crack down on terminating torrent sites, which are used to share files such as music, movies, video games, e-books, and whatever else is a digital file. In my opinion, SOPA should not be passed due to the fact that censoring information on the internet is an act against the first amendment. SOPA should not be passed due to the fact that it goes against the first amendment and will lead to a corrupt information sharing system.
Duquenoy, P., Jones, S., & Blundell, B. (2008). Ethical, legal and professional issues in computing. London: Thomson.