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Approaches to crime prevention
Approaches to crime prevention
Effects of crime on individual and society
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Summary
In the afternoon of July 2007 Jennifer Hawke-Petit and her daughter Michaela were followed to their home in Cheshire, Connecticut while returning from the store. Unfortunately, the duo caught the eyes of Joshua Komisarjevsky and his partner Steven Hayes. Originally, the two assailants planned to “rob the family”, but unsatisfied with their findings, decided to escalate the situation (“The Family on Sorghum Mill Drive”, hereafter referred to as TFSMD).
Finding entry in the unlocked basement doors around 2am, Komisarjevsky silently made his way into the home and found William, the father, asleep on the porch. William was immediately struck by a baseball bat and restrained in the family’s basement at gunpoint (HBO). Meanwhile, Hayes confined
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For example, there is no distinct presence of social disorganization, as the two men grew up in CT towns that are not terribly crime-filled and impoverished (Fernandez). Yet, certain aspects, such as Komisarjevsky’s childhood development or Hayes’ lack of father figure (Fernandez), correspond with Born Criminal theory, and Komisarjevsky’s assumption that they would not be caught corresponds with Rational Choice theory.
Rational choice theory has a definitive prevalence in the Cheshire case. According to Gaines, rational choice theory is “a school of criminology that holds that wrongdoers act as if they weigh the possible benefits of criminal… activity against the expected costs of being apprehended. When the benefits are greater than the expected costs, the offender will make a rational choice to commit a crime or delinquent act” (37). Both Hayes and Komisarjevsky had years of criminal history under their belts. Komisarjevsky was a skilled burglar, slipping in and out of dark houses while families slept soundly. He was often described as “cold and calculating” (TFSMD). Hayes was a petty thief and cocaine addict, that had a long criminal record of minor crimes dating back to the 1980s, but no violent crimes in his history
Mark worried about his cousin considering that her son and husband had abusive tendencies and contacted the authorities. Officers checked the house twice and both times a note was on the front door of the house claiming the family was away. The police returned a third day and forced their way in. The police found the bodies of Randy and Karen Ringquist frozen in the freezer Jeremy had purchased to hide the smell of decay. Mark told the paper; “Karen and her husband didn’t get along. He was abusive to her. And then their son moved in and he was also abusive. He’s a 300 pound kid.” He continued with; “Her life was miserable and I tried to tell her to get out. I said ‘You’ve got to get out of there,’ but she said she had no money and no place to go. There’s no relatives close. I’m probably her closest
According to RAINN, (2009) approximately 10 per cent of all victims of sexual assault and abuse are adult and juvenile males. In terms of the nature of assault, real figures include a compendium of reported incidents ranging from unwanted sexual touching to forced penetration. To qualify this statement, it must be understood that the percentage does not reflect a vast number of crimes that go unreported due to issues that will be discussed in the present paper.
Statistics show that 17.7 million womean in the us in the are victims of rape.In addtion 1 out 6 people are victims of attemped rape or completed rape. Only three percent of men are raped. 1 out of 33 are raped in their lifetime. Men and women are the only ones affected by his situation children are so affected fifteen percent of victims are children under twelve years old , twenty nine percent are twelve to seventeen years old forty four percent are under the age of eighteen and eighty percent are under the age of thirty. Girls are four times m...
Walsh, J., & Krienert, J. (2011). Sibling Sexual Abuse: an empirical analysis of offender, victim, and event characteristics in nation incident-based reporting system (NIBRS) data 2000-2007. Child Sexual Abuse, 353-370.
"Sex Trafficking Statistics & Source Documentation." The Covering House RSS. N.p., 2014. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
However, Matt Fowler had different reasoning for his actions. After burying his twenty-one year-old son who was just on the cusp of graduating college, he finds that Strout, his son’s murderer, has been released on bail pending trial and until then he has resumed his normal life. Watching his wife not only mourning the loss of their son, but also having to see the killer in daily activities, has caused a mental and emotional strain on their life. The affect on Fowler’s family that Strout is walking around free and seemingly unconcerned is one of the main reasoning that is posed when Fowler and his friend Willis T...
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is historically referred to as domestic violence. It describes a pattern of coercive and assaultive behavior that may include psychological abuse, progressive isolation, sexual assault, physical injury, stalking, intimidation, deprivation, and reproductive coercion among partners (The Family Violence Prevention Fund (FVPF), 1999). IPV leads to lifelong consequences such as lasting physical impairment, emotional trauma, chronic health problems, and even death. It is an issue effecting individuals in every community, regardless of age, economic status, race, religion, nationality or educational background. Eighty-five percent of domestic violence victims are women (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003). More than one in three women in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime (The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2012). Thirty to sixty percent of perpetrators tend to also abuse children in the household (Edelson, 1999). Witnessing violence between parents or caretakers is considered the strongest risk factor of transmitting violent behavior from one generation to the next (Break the Cycle, 2006).
However, these percentages are based on retrospective studies and are founded on reports from victims that disclose their abuse. The book “Stolen Tomorrows” by Steven Levenkron states, "The National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center reports that only 16 percent of adolescent and adult rapes are brought to light. The reports of childhood, toddler and even infant sexual assault are of course much lower..." the consequences that follow the victims of CSA for the rest of their lives are usually so severe that even if only five percent of the population reported abuse it would still be a relevant issue. Childhood sexual abuse affects the development of sexuality, creates problems in developing intimacy and leads to many mood and anxiety disorders that follow victims for the rest of their lives.
"Around the world at least one woman in every three has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime. Most often the abuser is a member of her own family." (C,J Newton, 2011)
“Sex Trafficking Statistics & Source Documentation.” The Covering House. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. .
In recent years, due to the church sex abuse scandal, childhood sexual abuse has become one of the most highly publicized crimes in the United States. Unfortunately, despite this newfound interest in the scandalous topic of abuse, incest and more common sexual abuse cases involving family continue to be overlooked by society and the media. Understandably, intra-familial sexual abuse is a delicate and complex subject to acknowledge and dissect. Yet, by ignoring the subject entirely, we are doing a great disservice to the victims that have to actually endure these atrocious crimes and stay silent in fear. Furthermore, in choosing to not acknowledge that children are more likely be abused by a family member than by a stranger, we are consistently sending the wrong message to children about who offenders really are and what they actually look like. While it is a possibility that any given rapist will be a suspicious unknown assailant, chances are much greater that the assailant will be a acquaintance or family member. In order to correct many of these misconceptions, society needs to be introduced to true stories of incest and actively engage in conversations designed around preventing future victimizations.
Weires, M. K. (2012, January). Retrieved December 4, 2013, from Law Enforcement Response to Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault: http://dss.sd.gov/victimservices/cvc/2012CVCHandbook.pdf
Burgess, A. W., & Holmstrom, L. L. (1974). Rape: Victims of crisis. Bowie, MD: Robert J. Brady Company.
"Get Info | RAINN." Get Info | RAINN | Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network. N.p., 2009. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. .
It is not a rare or uncommon crime; it is just rarely discussed. Even with approximately 293,000 reported rape cases per year, 68% of all rapes are unreported (Rape, 2016). Rape is most likely to occur between intimate partners than by a stranger (Mahoney & Williams, 1998). Of all categories of rape, marital rape is the lease reported in the United States. Statistics from the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV) state 18% of victims said the sexual act was witnessed by their child/children. It is also reported by 5% of the women, that children were forced to participate in the sexual act. A study by Bergen (1996) shows 83% of marital rape victims are raped more than once. Another statistic shown in the NCADV report “found that women who had killed their husbands