The Central Bank in the world today is a key part in the role of an economy to operate efficiently and effectively. Central banks began operating in the United States in 1914. The Central Bank is commonly referred to as “The Fed.,” which performs various functions that have developed over the years. These functions play a huge importance in the operation of our economy.
The Central Bank
The central bank is a financial institution that organizes the government’s finances, controls money and credit of the economy and assists as the bank to commercial banks. The roles of the central banks are to create money and develop Monetary Policies. Monetary Policy can be used to give assistance in the way an economy is currently operating in. Monetary Policy has two effects, expansionary policy and restricted policy. Expansionary policy helps lower interest rates and raise inflation in the economy; this policy improves growth for short run for the overall performance of the economy. On the other hand, restricted policy does the exact opposite of expansionary. Restricted reduces growth and inflation in the economy. Another role of the central banks is to manage the payments system by the inter-bank payments. This role of the central banks provides loans during times an economy is not operating at its financial capacity. Lastly, the central bank oversees the commercial banks, where the central banks ensures that the financial system provides citizens confidence in their soundness. The objectives of the central banks are to provide low, stable inflation, high economic growth, stable financial markets, interest rate stability and exchange rate stability.
Objectives of the Central Banks
Inflation in an economy is much more desirable when it is low...
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Conclusion
The central bank is extremely important for an economy to operate properly. There are many roles the central banks must perform to stabilize the economy. However, stabilizing the economy by performing roles may not be sufficient enough. Sometimes, it takes other central banks to improve the overall performance. Such as, stated in the article, More Russian incursions would hurt Ukraine economy: central bank. The central banks today are a complex structure with various functions that operates as the ‘heart’ of the economy.
Works Cited
Yukhananov, A. (2014, 4 13). Reuters. Retrieved from Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/13/us-ukraine-crisis-cenbank-idUSBREA3C0P520140413
Zeng, M. (2014, 3 20). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from The Wall Street Journal: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304026304579451800791002312
The net values of Belarus imported goods and services from other countries exceeded its export of goods and service to other countries creating a large Current Account Deficit. The reason Belarus a former Soviet republic scraped the currency trading restriction is due to the fact its political leadership allowed the Belarus national currency ruble to depreciate as part of a strategy to reduce the current account deficit. The unification of the exchange rates will allow the currency market ability to function as before. The overheated economy under a loose monetary policy created this crisis and the difficulties will be overcome by abolishing the restriction on currency trading. The political promise of 50% increase in wages to the government workers have impacted with no real values other than buying foreign currency and goods. According to Arkhipov and Abelsky (2011), abolishing the currency trading restriction is necessary given the current practice of doin...
Monetary Policy is another policy used in Keynesianism which is a list of protocols designed to regulate the economy by setting the amount of money that is in circulation and controlled interest levels. The Federal Reserve system, also known as the central banking system in the U.S., which holds control of this policy. Monetary policy has three tools used by the Federal Reserve to enforce this policy. Reserve Requirement is the first tool that determines the lowest amount of money a bank must possess and is not able to lend out. The second way to enforce monetary policy is by using the discount rate or the interest rate a bank will charge.
Before we begin our investigation, it is imperative that we understand the historical role of the central bank in the United States. Examining the traditional motives of this institution over time will help the reader observe a direct correlation between it and its ability to manipulate an economy. To start, I will examine one of its central policies...
In 1913, Wilson and Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act to make a decentralized national bank containing twelve local offices. By and large, all the private banks in every district possessed and worked that separate area's branch. In any case, the new Federal Reserve Board had the last say in choices influencing all branches, including setting financing costs and issuing money. This new managing an account framework settled national funds and credit and helped the monetary framework survive two world wars and the Great
On the surface, central bank independence seems an eminently reasonable, appealingly simple solution for an agonizingly complex and muddled process of making economic policy in this postindustrial, electronically linked, and computerized global economy. The independent central bank is an institutional concept that complements well the counterrevolution now underway in U.S. budget policy. Washington's fiscal policy is locked into a deficit-cutting mode for the near future, while Congress is determined to retreat from all discretionary spending, regulatory intervention, or measures to improve equity in the distribution of national income and wealth.
Over the past few years we have realized the impact that the Federal Government has on our economy, yet we never knew enough about the subject to understand why. While taking this Economics course it has brought so many things to our attention, especially since we see inflation, gas prices, unemployment and interest rates on the rise. It has given us a better understanding of the effect of the Government on the economy, the stock market, the interest rates, etc. Since the Federal Government has such control over our economy, we decided to tackle the subject of the Federal Reserve System and try to get a better understanding of the history, the structure, and the monetary policy of the power that it holds. The Federal Reserve System is the central banking authority of the United States.
The seventh chapter asks, ‘Why Do Central Bankers Have Power over the Economy?’. In this chapter, the authors evaluate the power of central banks during normal and tough times and question whether central banks ‘have the power to control something as huge as the macroeonomy’ (p.74).
Author Unknown (1994). The Federal Reserve System: Purposes and Functions (5th ed.) Published by Library of Congress
New York Times, p. 1. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/09/business/economy/09leonhardt.html?_r=1 Lipman, Marc. A. A. Personal Interview. March 21, 2010. Marano, Hara E. (2004).
In 1962, Milton Friedman wrote the essay “Should There Be An Independent Central Bank?” Since then, half a century has passed. Nowadays, many countries in the world have their independent central banks. But the discussion about whether central banks should be independent does not end. This paper will try to 1) provide the arguments on both pros and cons whether central banks should be independent; 2) provides evidence about the relationship between central bank independence and inflation in developed countries, developing countries and transition countries.
Hodges, Michael. New Statesman. 12/14/2009, Vol. 138 Issue 4979, P13-13. 2/5p. 1 Illustration. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
The first important concept I learned was the ‘goals of monetary policy’. The primary goal of a central bank is price stability (low and stable inflation). Some of the Feds (short for the Federal Reserve Bank) other concerns are:
In the study of macroeconomics there are several sub factors that affect the economy either favorably or adversely. One dynamic of macroeconomics is monetary policy. Monetary policy consists of deliberate changes in the money supply to influence interest rates and thus the level of spending in the economy. “The goal of a monetary policy is to achieve and maintain price level stability, full employment and economic growth.” (McConnell & Brue, 2004).
With the modern day fad of being politically correct, stereotyping is seen with a negative view. Oversimplifying people can spawn many different reactions, but many aspects of the world are built upon the foundation of stereotyping. It can not only be a useful thing, but it can also be a very effective way of deciding how to react to someone. While stereotypes may seem rash and uneducated, many of them have been created for a reason.
Wall Street Journal 12 Feb 2009: p. A.13. SIRS Researcher. Web. 11 February 2010.