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Eminent domain as a necessary evil
Eminent domain as a necessary evil
Eminent domain as a necessary evil
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1. Define the terms takings as it relates to the environmental law and provide one example of a legally resolved taking case.
Answer:
Taking is a general term of an act of taking something. In an environmental point of view, the taking is ta process that involves taking something of an environmental assets, such as land, from an individual or organization. However, most cases, it involves government taking private property from owners when that piece of private land is determined a necessity to create public-desired resource, such as a road, wildlife preserve, or military base. On the other hand, the government must provide compensation for the land owner for the taking. If compensation is not provided, it is a clear indicator for violating the Fifth Amendment. According to Farber & Findley (2010), the Fifth Amendment provides that private property shall not “be taken for public use, without just compensation.” As it is clearly stated in the Fifth Amendment, government cannot take private property from owners for public use. Now environmental taking problem arises when these conditions are not meet or the owners determines that he/she is not being compensated for the taking of his land.
Now, there are takings clause of the Fifth Amendment. According to Galperin (2013), there are three distinct clause for taking; (1) taking by eminent domain is the most tradition means of taking private property from owners that involves going to court stating the needs to take the land for public use while providing compensation for the private owner; (2) taking by regulation is applicable if the government is forcefully taking the land from the private owner; and (3) taking by exaction occurs when the government will only issue a development p...
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...resides or benefit from forested habitat will possibly loss their home thus may decline in numbers. Another example would be a development of reservoirs within a river system. This type of development will benefit still water fish but at the same time adversely affects the fish habitat who are accustomed to the free flowing water.
Works Cited
Farber, D. & Findley, R. (2010). Environmental Law in a Nutshell 8th Edition. Thomson
Reuters: St. Paul, Minnesota
Galperin, J. (2013). The Supreme Court, Takings, and Environmental Protection. Retrieved from http://environment.yale.edu/envirocenter/the-supreme-court-takings-and-environmental-protection/
Smith, K. L. (2012). The Good, the Bad, and the Significant – Beneficial Impacts and NEPA. Retrieved from http://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/6017/K.%20Smith_GoodBadSignificant_final.pdf?sequence=1
The concept of eminent domain is the condemnation of property for the public’s well being or good for private use is not the original intention and should not be used in this way. Private corporations and individuals are using the initial purpose was for the acquisition of land for the building of railroads and highways. The use of eminent domain has changed over the years by law, government and legal interpretations. These changes have allowed private interest groups to petition the state and local governments for eminent domain to be declared on property where the owners refuse to sell. Each states position on eminent domain is decided by the legislature and the voters of the state for use by private corporations and individuals. The claim by the corporations and individuals is that there projects is for the good of the public which plays of the condemnation of property and roads of being for the public’s well being. The use of eminent domain for the acquisition of land to build the Keystone Pipeline does not fall within the confines of for the public’s well being.
Eminent Domain is defined as “the power to take private property for public use by a state, municipality, or private person or corporation authorized to exercise functions of public character, following the payment of just compensation to the owner of that property” (Farlex, par. 1). Eminent domain has a long and distinguished legal history, dating back to the Magna Carta. The term “eminent domain” was coined by Hugo Grotius (1583–1645), a Dutch jurist and philosophe, to describe the power of the state over natural property (Dalton, par. 3). This legal process has been used in many nations ostensibly for the “greater good.” Recently, Russia has come onto the world stage as abusing the power of eminent domain in preparation for the 2014 Olympic Games, as has Brazil in regards to the World Cup and upcoming 2016 Olympic Games. They, like many nations, have been accused of not giving just compensation for property taken. World-wide, eminent domain and it abuse of have been increasing as the world’s population and economy change. Author Tit Elingtin writes “The governments have taken advantage of that eminent domain ruling, and you, the media, have failed at protecting citizens” (Elingtin par. 13). This quotation reflects many people’s opinions today. Many believe that governments abuse the power they are given with eminent domain and call on the United Nations to remove the problem.
Despite protecting millions of acres of wilderness, this act provided for the numerous groups of people affected by the establishment of this law. Stipulations regarding the use of protected lands by private landowners were made. People living inside the park lands were guaranteed the right to subsistence hunting and fishing, as well as the guaranteed access to their lands. This right of access is the main concern for this argument, as it is a major management issue for park officials and land owners alike.
Eminent domain, the power granted by the government allowing private property to be seized for public use, has been the source of political debate for centuries. Legal cases ruling on different sides of the issue date back more than 167 years. The most recent case to note is Kole v. The City of New London, which was just decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in June 2005. Although the court sided in favor of granting eminent domain, Justice O’Connor quoted the following in her dissent: “Law that takes property from A and gives it to B: It is against all reason and justice, for a people to entrust a Legislature with such powers.” The concept that governmental power should exceed that of the individual right is a cruel violation of political liberty. As stated in The Executive’s Compass, “it degrades the dignity of the individual to make him or her subservient to the will of the state” (p.39). If GM chooses to remove the approximate 3,500 occupants of Poletown from their homes, it would be a brutal infringement on the individual independence of those residents.
When the government seizes a property, it must be for the public interest. The seized property may be used to build roads, schools, libraries, and/or anything that benefits the public. A lot of the time, the government seizes land just so another private contractor can come in and build. In a sense, the government can buy out any privately owned land it sees fit within its borders, for as long as the owner gets compensated and is done to help the people. In order for this to be legal, the government must meet those two requirements.
I believe so since i decided to write about this issue. The land can be taken with no argument as long as it is used for the "public good". That makes it ok some how. When the property is taken the government pays you a price that they believe is fair market value. Sometimes they are paying them more.
The idea of having a criminal law, procedure and a proper court system has been a concern and must in the United States since it was first founded. This concept is always under consistent speculation and undergoes changes almost every year. One of the most influential pieces included into the procedure of criminal law and the court system is the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was created by the representatives of America to not only enforce the idea of substantive law, but also create a framework for the rights of every day Americans. Ever since the creation of the Bill of Rights, there has been a constant need for change laws and procedures in order to accommodate for rights given to each citizen. In this paper, the analysis of the affect of the Bill of Rights will be analyzed as well as the reasons for increased incarceration rates and the issue of plea bargaining.
According to this article, “the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment is one of the few provisions of the Bill of Rights that has been given a broader interpretation under the Burger and Rehnquist courts than under the Warren Court. It is a cause near and dear to the heart of free market conservatives”. (Exploring Constitutional Conflicts, (n.d.)
If a person obtains something fairly, the government should not take it away from them. The government would be stealing if they were to take from people when the goods were obtained fairly. If the person had stolen something then it would be fine for the government to take it back and return it to the original and proper owner.
The Constitution of the United States, grants each citizen with personal property rights under the 4th Amendment. Our courts systems have upheld these rights time and time again when persons or organizations have tried to usurp these rights away from different groups and individuals. The same systems that have given, and upheld our individual rights seek to balance that with the rights of society and the rights of the group. Traditionaly court cases have followed a common sense approach, and have succeeded in balancing the rights of individuals with that of the group. Our court systems use strict scrutiny and procedures that maximize fairness among all groups and individuals. That is after all our societies goal, is to allow maximum personal
Substantive law and Procedural law work together to make sure all procedures are carried out to bring a case to trial. In this essay I will prove the differences between Substantive law and Procedural law.
The amendment are a body of law Constitutional amendments Laws that is very important, they are put in place to govern the land, each amendment is put in place for balancing the world, where laws are concerned.As sltated by our book (Seaquist, 2012). constitutional law serve to balance and put a check on state and local law, for example, and in turn, the federal government is limited in its powers to legislate and must give states the power to regulate certain matters, there is no "one" law, as in a country whose legal system is based on civil law,” (Seaquist, 2012 pg.1.1). Amendment IV is based of the people right to be secure in their person, houses, paper and also their effects, this amendment guards against unreasonable searches and seizures, no ones right shall not beviolated, and no Warrants shall be issue, but uless there is probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place tobe searched, and the persons or things to be seized (Seaquist, 2012). Before the govement can take someone property it must have a valid search warrant, that is issussed by a judge and it must be based on probably cause, there has to be a reason to search. the Fourth
in a habitat, changes in climate, the development or destruction of a mountain range, river
There are two categories of criminal law, procedural and substantive. These two types of law are applied to different parts of a criminal case. These two types of law are present in everyday life, just as crime is present. Procedural law and substantive law are necessary to protect the goals of the criminal justice system. While the two may serve the same purpose of bringing a criminal to justice, they do have so important differences.
On the one hand, participatory approach to land use planning can provide openings for the decentralized administration of land management and enhance legal protection of local land rights through contributing to formal recognition of existing land tenure systems. According to Chigbu et al, (2015) four functions of land use planning that directly links to tenure security. (1) Its capacity to identify or determine land areas, parcels and uses and users. (2) Its propensity to enable documentation of land areas, parcels, rights, restrictions and responsibilities. (3) The opportunities it provides for stakeholder involvement, compensation of claims and community participation. (4) Its impact on land value, land markets and credit opportunities. On the other hand, land use planning, promoting sustainable natural resource use and environmental management are generally part of the mandate of local governments. And these prerogatives often tend to be weakly developed, both legally and with respect to capacity building and methodology (Hilhorst 2010). Unclear property rights and tenure insecurity are the major constraints to the potential of successful land use planning. According to UN-Habitat (2008, p. 17), poor land use planning associated with insecurity of tenure and incompletely specified land rights leads to problems of air and water-borne pollution from agricultural and industrial land use. Though there is a