Giovanna Eynaudi
Considering the information provided in the case of Mr. Jock, and after aligning all symptoms and signs to the DSM-5 criteria, the patient should receive the diagnosis of Bipolar I, current episode manic, severe severity, with mood congruent psychotic features, with catatonia.
As mentioned in the DSM-5, to receive the Bipolar I diagnosis, and individual must meet criteria for at least one manic episode, which may (but not required) have been preceded by or may be followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes (Criterion A for Bipolar I), and should not be better explained by the presence of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, schizophreniform, or delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder (Criterion B of Bipolar I).
In this particular case, Mr. Jock’s symptoms have met criteria for an episode of mania, which is characterized by a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting for at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (DSM-5, Criterion A of Manic Episode). During this period, the patient should be significantly experiencing at least three or more symptoms of inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking, flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing, distractibility, increased in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, and/or excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (DSM-5, Criterion B of Manic Episode).
Mr. Jock meets both criterion A and B of a manic episode as he experi...
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...apine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, and may include ziprasidone) to treat psychotic symptoms, and mood stabilizers such as lithium or valproate to control manic episodes.
Additionally, and as medical treatment is constantly being monitored, it would be beneficial to educate Mr. Jock and his family, regarding medication therapy in order to increase compliance to treatment. This could include information about the risk of relapse to mania that may occur, how to identify symptoms, and what to do when noticing these symptoms.
Lastly, Mr. Jock should also consider psychoeducation and care management to increase the effectiveness of the intervention. This will involve the patient and family members during the treatment as they learn about the course of the illness, signs of relapse, and the benefit and risks involved in each of the treatment options available.
9). Based on the afore initiatives, the mental health professional must decide which therapy would be beneficial in treatment for the clients’ problems. Evaluations and reevaluations may be needed to be successful in treatment (Nurcombe, 2014,
Bipolar Disorder (Formerly known as Manic Depression) is a mental illness linked to alterations in moods such as mood swings, mania, and depression. There is more than one type, Bipolar I and Bipolar II, and the subcategories are divided by the severity of the symptoms seen, such as cyclothymic disorder, seasonal mood changes, rapid cycling disorder and psychosis. Age of onset usually occurs between 15-30 years old with an average onset of 25 years old but it can affect all ages. (Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital , 2013) Bipolar disorder affects more than two million people in the United States every year. (Gardner, 2011)
Clozapine and the Treatment of Schizophrenia Clozapine, marketed by the trade name of "Clozaril," is a member of the dibenzodiazepine class of antipsychotic medication, and is one of many types of neuroleptic drugs. Clozapine is an atypical medication because it differs from the older conventional drugs such as Halodol or Lithium. The difference between atypical and the older drugs is because there less neuroleptic activity as a result of more specific receptors utilized. The atypical drugs work effectively to treat psychotic illnesses and tend to have fewer side effects than their predecessors. Clozapine has been found to be the most effective antipsychotic drug for treatment resistant schizophrenia.
In DSM-V, bipolar 1 disorder is defined as meeting the following criteria for a manic episode, which may or may not be followed by a hypomanic or major depressive episode: There must be a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irri...
I agree with the diagnosis of major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder that was given to Disco Di. The diagnostic features that accompany the major depressive disorder is disorder are the increase rate of
-Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, Swartz MS, Rosenheck RA, Perkins DO, Keefe RS, Davis SM, Davis CE, Lebowitz BD, Severe J, Hsiao JK. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med. 2005. Web.
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by periods of mania, depression, or a mixed manic-depressive state. The condition can seriously affect a person’s reasoning, understanding, awareness, and behavior. Acco...
...rly 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Bipolar I disorder is one or more manic episodes or mixed episodes (symptoms of both a mania and a depression occurring nearly every day for at least one week) and one or more major depressive episodes. Some symptoms would include, feeling hopeless, sad, or empty, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, thoughts of death or suicide. Treatment for bipolar mania may include lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines.
Psychologically, mania is described as a mood disorder characterized by euphoric states ,extreme physical activity ,excessive talkativeness, distractedness, and sometimes grandiosity. During manic periods a person becomes "high" extremely active , excessively talkative, and easily distracted. During these periods the affected person's self esteem is also often greatly inflated. These people often become aggressive and hostile to others as their self confidence becomes more and more inflated and exaggerated. In extreme cases (like Hamlet's) the manic person may become consistently wild or violent until he or she reaches the point of exhaustion. Manic depressives often function on little or no sleep during their episodes.
Weisman, M.M., Livingston, B.M., Leaf, P.J., Florio, L.P., Holzer, C. (1991). Psychiatric Disorders in America. Affective Disorders. Free Press.
Mania is feeling on top of the world. Feeling really good about self and happy. Some mood changes are very energetic, talking fast, impatient, irritable, and lack of judgement. Behavior changes can include little sleep, talking a lot, can`t concentrate and get distracted easy, and engage in risky behavior.
Thomas, P. (2004). The many forms of bipolar disorder: a modern look at an old illness (Research report). Retrieved from http://www.lnfp.dr18.cnrs.fr/publication_labo/The_many.pdf
bipolar disorder but symptoms are quite see able and just as importantly it has many diversified
A biological origin could be George’s genetics. His uncle Ralph had a history of mental illness, and bipolar disorder is closely associated with genetics (Wiley). On the other hand, a psychosocial origin could be reward sensitivity. George’s track teams are considerably recognized on the college campus, and George also won an award for his coaching abilities prior to the climax of the third manic episode. This reward sensitivity could have led to the delusion that he was named the Olympic track team’s head coach.
Stahl, S. M., & Mignon, L. (2010). Antipsychotics: Treating psychosis, mania and depression (2nd ed.).