The Brain and Cranial Nerves
One of the most complex and fascinating things in the human body is the brain. The body is “capable of almost everything, but it would not be possible, without the brain receiving information, and analyzing the information.”
The brain is aware of its surroundings, via input from the spinal cord and cranial nerves. Cranial nerves with sensory functions allow us to smell and see. Nerves with both motor and sensory functions are responsible for everything from tasting and chewing, to breathing and the heating of your heart. Many of the little things we take for granted are also made possible by cranial nerves.
Solving problems, feeling hungry, laughing. Each of these activities occurs in a different region of the brain. The portion of the central nervous system is contained in the cranium. About one hundred billion neurons and ten to fifty trillion neuralgia make up the brain. In adults, the brain has a mass of about three pounds.
The four major parts of the brain are the Brain Stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalons, and the Cerebrum.
The brain stem is continuous with the Spinal Cord and consists of the Meclulla Oblongata, Pons, and the Mid Brain.
Posterior to the Brain Stem is the Cerebellum. Superior to the Brain Stem is the Diencephalon. The Diencephalons consists mainly of the Thalamus and Hypothalamus.
Supported on the Diencephalon of the Brain Stem, the Cerebrum which is the largest part of the brain.
Since the brain does not store oxygen, it needs a constant flow to prevent it shutting down.
Blood flows to the brain mainly via, the internal Caroticl and Vertebral Arteries. The internal Tugular Veins return blood from the head to the heart.
In adults, the brain is only two percent of the total body weight, but it consumes about two percent of the oxygen and glucose used at rest.
When activity of neurons and neuralgia increases in a region of the brain, blood flow to that area also increases. Even a brief slowing of brain blood flow may cause unconsciousness.
Typically an inter...
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... parts of the external surface of the thypanic member and the pharynx.
The special sensory provides task sensation from the epiglottic region.
Cranial Nerve XI – the Accessory Nerve. The accessory nerve has a cranial root and a spinal root, both of which consist of branchial motor fibers.
The Branchial motor cranial root supplies muscles of the larynx and pharynx.
The Branchial motor spinal root supplies the trapezius and sternoclerclomastoid muscles, helping to move the head.
Cranial Nerve XII – The Hypoglossal Nerve. This nerve has two components. The sensory portion controls muscles in the tongue. The somatic motor is responsible for supplying muscles in the tongue to help with speech and swallowing.
As you can tell from reading this report, this information just scratches the surface of how in depth and complex we are. I hope you now have a better understanding of the brain and the twelve cranial nerves, as well as, an understanding of all the things we take for granted.
cortex, the thinking part of the brain, id dead. The brain stem, the part of the
Purpose- To identify the functions of the cranial nerve of the peripheral nervous system such as the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and the hypoglossal nerves. I will examine these functions with a series of behavior tests on my partner who is Jazmine Cooley to see if all nerves are functioning properly and if they are not, then this will be considered an identified dysfunction of a cranial nerve which is a diagnosis.
Another locate area referred to the brain stem that has inside pons, medulla, and celebellum. Pituitary gland was attached to our braine. Cingulate Gyrus, Lateral ventrice, fornix, septum pellucidum, cerebral acqueduct. and tegmentum are part we can see in the dissection of sheep braine.
Introduction: This report is to discuss an experiment to assess the sensory and motor functions of the facial nerve in humans. The facial nerve is one of twelve cranial nerves that innervates the head and neck. These nerves serve a variety of functions, both sensory and motor, and are responsible for moving the muscles in the face, head and neck, and receiving information the brain can interpret into all five sense. Appendix A outlines each cranial nerve, it’s sensory and/or motor function, and the foramen in the bones of the skull it passes through.
Firstly, there is various of sensing activities as in seeing and hearing as in a sense of understanding of what is seen and heard. Secondly the sense of feeling in numerous parts of the body from the head to the toes. The ability to recall past events, the sophisticated emotions and the thinking process. The cerebellum acts as a physiological microcomputer which intercepts various sensory and motor nerves to smooth out what would otherwise be jerky muscle motions. The medulla controls the elementary functions responsible for life, such as breathing, cardiac rate and kidney functions. The medulla contains numerous of timing mechanisms as well as other interconnections that control swallowing and salivations.
The brain has many different parts to it which help one function through daily life; parts such as the cerebrum which controls voluntary movement and regulates functions such as thinking, speaking and the ability to recall information. The cerebellum controls the balance and coordination and finally the brain stem, which consists of the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord which controls all involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. The brain stem is also able to carry out these actions even when someone is asleep. To fully understand how crucial the brain is to survival one must understand the functions of the brain stem.
Most of the noninvasive imaging methods estimate brain activity by changes in blood flow, oxygen consumption, glucose utilization, etc. Discuss the potential problems with using this type of indirect measure.
In many opinions it is thought that the brain and the neurons have less than importance than the heart. However, there is large quantities that people disagree that the brain and neurons are an important factor in our body. One study showed, the brain is the one that control every part of the body. Awhile the neurons travels across a synapse se...
The parasympathetic nervous system does the opposite and brings the body back to normal. Sensory neurons are unipolar in shape and there are two types based on where the sensory neurons originate. Somatic sensory neurons are located in the skin skeletal muscles and joints bringing information to the CNS. It is made up of nerves that connect to skin, sensory organs, and skeletal muscles. One sensory neuron, photoreceptors in the eye, sense light. The neural impulses are then transmitted down the axons of the sensory neurons to the brain, where the brain then interprets what that input means. PNS plays a role in regulating blood pressure, thirst, and body temperature. Thermoreceptors in the skin help the body sense temperature. Motor neurons are completely different than sensory neurons, because they receive a signal from the central nervous system and tell responsive tissues what to do. Though most often associated with controlling muscle movement they also signal the glandular tissues and control secretion of various substances like gastric juices and saliva. Visceral sensory neurons give information to the CNS but not on a conscious level. Some internal organs that need regulating, but not at a conscious level are gallbladder, liver, kidney, and
Like all organs, the brain needs the oxygen and nutrients provided by blood to function properly. If the supply of blood is restricted or stopped, brain cells begin to die. This can lead to brain injury, disability and possibly death.
Lastly the medulla oblongata where nerve centers vital the body survival has control over circulation of blood by regulating the heart beat and arterial blood pressure. The last part of the nervous system would be the spinal cord which extends from the base of the medulla oblongata to the junction between the first and second lumbar vertebrate. Its functions are to conduct sensory impulses from the rest of the body to the brain and send impulses from the brain to the body. (fleming-Mcphillips, 2011)
The brain stem is the part closest to the neck. It controls breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, etc. (Alzheimer's Association, 2011). The brain has two hemispheres as well as the three major sections: the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. There is not exactly a “music area” in the brain.
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The brain doesn't just control your organs, but also can think and remember. That part of the brain is called the mind.
[Online] Available at: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/anatomyofthecentralnervoussystem/articleem.htm [Accessed: 1 Oct 2013]. LiveScience.com. 2013. Nervous System: Facts, Functions & Diseases.
Central nervous system: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. (n.d.). U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 22, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002311.htm