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Short note on risk assessment
Five differences between belief and knowledge
Short note on risk assessment
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The world evolves around us and we evolve around it. Knowledge as we know may develop and change over a period of time. Knowledge in its working definition is information passing from one person to another by using any sort of communication, then by using our given senses to take information, which is kept in our minds as memories for future use as a knowledge- as a true belief, truth in its definition is a fact that has been proven or a belief that can be accepted as correct. The knowledge we understand off can overtake some of the other ideas that we have found. We may “accept” what we learn at first because we would not have any proof or evidence that contradicts against it and upon rationalisation. Based on our empirical experience of the world, it can be described as a way of justifying what is to be right with quantifiable evidence. “Discarded” can be defined as the neglected knowledge or no longer reliable in after experimentation or through a process of rationalisation. According to the title, knowledge seems useful yet we neglect some of it and refine it to make it become a new knowledge by based on further discoveries. As the foundation of knowledge is relied on past experiences and observations therefore the knowledge issue raised is “To what extent does our past experiences affect our decisions on what knowledge we accept? The title states that we may reject knowledge as we find new and developed theories or issues. In the contrary we still use the discarded knowledge to deduce what is to be correct. The idea of a paradigm shift arises when we find a new knowledge and observe around the concept then when we find a mistake or a new deduction we leap into another knowledge or a concept and that leap is called a paradigm ...
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...the truth.
Looking at this in a different perspective, we do not discard all the knowledge we know
Overall, this essay I have made claims that history is what makes us who we are by learning through mistakes that are regarded as to be “discarded” knowledge. When it comes to Natural sciences we cannot always look back at the discarded knowledge but rather start from it because starting from the beginning will just bring us to back where we were. “There are many hypotheses in science, which are wrong. That's perfectly all right; they're the apertures to finding out what's right. Science is a self-correcting process. To be accepted, new ideas must survive the most rigorous standards of evidence and scrutiny.” This quotes says it all. This has led me to a new knowledge issue: To what extent does progress and our mistakes from the past allow us to come closer to truth?
we continue to disregard knowledge and focus on the irrelevant parts of life. In the
People may say that mistakes just hold scientists back and provide obstacles. John Denker says, “scientists worked to avoid mistakes.” He says that scientists did not just make one mistake that led to a big discovery, but they invented their products little by little, trying to make it perfect. Mistakes may hold you back sometimes,
Throughout history, we have come to significant inventions and discoveries that have influenced our lives greatly. It is obvious that these inventions and discoveries occasionally occur at the cost of making major mistakes, but are they always worth it? Errors can either lead to difficulties, and can also lead to development. So the real question is, “Are mistakes a key part of making discoveries and inventions?” Well, after gathering the facts, I think that mistakes are in fact a key part of discovering. There are many reasons as to why errors contribute to helping making inventions and discoveries, but I only have three. First of all, mistakes are an important part to making inventions because they help you determine what you did incorrect
Thomas Kuhn, an American Philosopher of Science in the twentieth century, introduced the controversial idea of "paradigm shifts" in his 1962 book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions." This essay will discuss paradigm shifts, scientific revolutions, mop up work, and other key topics that Kuhn writes about in "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" in great detail. This essay will explain what Kuhn means by mop up work, by drawing on the broader view of paradigms that he presents and explaining how paradigms are born and develop such that they structure the activities of normal science in specific ways, and this essay will show how this kind of mop up work can, in certain circumstances, lead to a new paradigm instead of more normal science.
... previous knowledge critically in order to decide if that knowledge is really worth of abundance. Luckily there are some scientists who later discover that discarded knowledge and takes it as a basis for their further research (like in Leibniz – Einstein case) that helps to establish new aspects of knowledge.
Before Kuhn’s book was written, the commonly held position by scientists and philosophers of science, such as Mach and Otswald , about the structure of science; was that it involved linear progression as a result of an incremental accumulation of knowledge from the activities undertaken by members of the scientific community. They thought that as generations of scientists observed more and more, their understanding of a particular scientific fact would become better refined through an ever growing stockpile of facts, theories and methods. The aim of the historian of science would be to pin point the man and the moment in time a further discovery was made; whilst also describing the obstacles that inhibited scientific progression.
...t find anything new. This description points out the hindrances on humans’ acquisition of knowledge because of our finite biological capacities.
This opens the possibilities for the historian to research and thus history can be considered as a ‘Human Science’ (Smith). The major difference between history and human science is the way in which the scientist uses tools while the historian uses facts and figures. Feyerabend explains that an allegory presented by the human scientist depends on egotism, ideals, and the perspective of other forms of knowledge, and is not enveloped by method, evidence, reason or argument (Anderson 259). There is a big debate about whether social science is actually a science. J.S.Mill believes that while we can justify and discover unpretentious regularities in the physical world, we can also explore the connections between actions and thoughts through Mill’s Method on causation (Salmon).
...r it becomes to discard. The fact that there is the possibility of knowledge getting discarded suggests that perhaps it should not have been accepted in the first place. This begs the question: is knowledge accepted too easily? More often than not, one requires an adequate amount of evidence and facts to accept something as true. However, sometimes there is no evidence and it is impossible to prove something true, yet it is still accepted as knowledge, as is in the case of many theories. This occurs mostly in the sciences, because many times it is difficult to substantiate scientific knowledge. In order to avoid this never-ending cycle of accepting and discarding knowledge, perhaps the standard of accepting knowledge as true should be raised. But sometimes when something is proven false, it leads to finding the truth, so maybe the standard should remain where it is.
We gain knowledge in through our ways of knowing which are mainly perception, reason and language. We use them to find knowledge because we justify our claims and beliefs by their use, thus, our evidences, because they get us closer to the truth. To accept something as knowledge, it must be considered true, one must believe it and there must be justification why the person knows it, therefore these ways of knowing aid in the process for our quest for knowledge. In conclusion, in order to obtain knowledge all of these three attributes have to be integrated in some type of way, and due to the changing nature of all three of them, knowledge is always changing and it is dynamic, leading to the fact that knowledge can be discarded. The questions b...
Albert Einstein said, “We shall require a substantially new manner of thinking if mankind is to survive.” This new manner of thinking should be based on pre-existing knowledge. This pre-existing knowledge is necessary because it is the catalyst that pushes the human race forward, making us want to discover more. Trying to discover completely new knowledge would not yield the same results. Basing your research off what you already know allows you to compare the new data that you collected to the old data that is already present. If you discover something new you will have nothing to compare it with. This does not allow you the luxury of seeing if what you discovered was an improvement. This essay will examine how important it is to discover new ways of thinking about prior knowledge than it is to discover new facts. I believe that using prior knowledge to push discovery is much more important than trying to discovers new data or facts.
Knowledge is but understanding. How we indulge and interpret an issue is knowledge. In the pursuit of knowledge, we, as materialistic learners and knowers, repeatedly ignore crucial procedures, pro...
In addition to the aforementioned information Neufeld (2009:82) states that we construct knowledge on top of what we already know. As new information come to us from the environment we perceive it as arrangement of figures that can be incorporated into our picture-frame that references the world to us. If that new information cannot be incorporated into our existi...
Then reflect on the accumulated information and figure out what works and what does not. Then we are ready to start all over again in this process of learning and getting better at it.
I learned that it is possible to discuss social issues looking into History of Science and vice-versa, and it matters to me because it means that scientists may not be giving enough attention to the History of Science – I was in my 5th semester of College in Brazil and this is the first time I am really looking into History of Science. More like a continuation of my two last papers than only one paper, I made a review with what I learned previously and this last section. If someone would ask me why, I would say that is because I learned that sometimes we can solve the problems of tomorrow looking right back to the past.