Tetanus is a bacterial infection which is spread by a bacterium named Clostridium tetani which usually lives in soil/ground matter, commonly contracted through your feet when cuts or wounds occur, mostly in rural and farming communities. These bacteria spread a toxin into wounds which then reciprocates the toxin into the brain or the spinal cord. There it interferes with the regular cellular activity. Tetanus will mostly affect the motor nerves which will interfere with the messages sent to our muscles, i.e. movement/ locomotion. Tetanus can also cause the jaw to lock which can be fatal if not treated quickly.
Tetanus often begins with symptoms that are quite definitive, usually starting with muscular spasm in the jaw and face. Including muscular stiffness in regions such
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the more severe symptoms such as difficulty swallowing and leg spasms can take around 1-2 days from when the initial symptoms occur.
Tetanus is a fairly rare disease however high exposure to the ground with open wounds or contact with rusted objects on the ground that could cause lacerations may also transmit the disease. The most common vector for transmission is sharp objects that have been lying around on the ground for a while. Tetanus is easily contracted with large laceration or puncture that may come in contact with the wound; this will dramatically increase your possibility to get Tetanus.
The symptoms are spread out and take some time to occur so early treatment must be taken on first sight of the effects, tetanus injections are a relatively available resource in medicine so continuing to get booster shots ever 10 years throughout adulthood should counteract the disease. However easy suggestions to stop the infection are simple like wearing closed in shoes and covering previous wounds that may come into contact with the
Symptoms, which include diarrhea and abdominal pain, usually begin two to eight days after a person has been exposed to the bacteria and resolve within a week.
Pain behind the ear on the affected side of the face which may occur a day or two before the paralysis begins.
After an incubation period of five to ten days, or as long as 21 days, numerous symptoms can be observed. The symptoms come in two stages. The first stage consists of common cold symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, low-grade fever, and a mild cough. It is during this time that the disease is most contagious, and it lasts from one to two weeks.
...y infections that could cause short term or long term unneeded damage. For this reason doctors and health care professionals are recommending that all people of all ages to get theses vaccines (University of Maryland Center, 2014). Other ways to prevent this disease are to simply keep clean and be aware of good hand hygiene (University of Maryland Center, 2014). By washing your hands with antimicrobial soap and warm water with friction, most bacteria are killed. Doing this prevents organisms from potentially getting inside your body.
The symptoms of torticollis may occur slowly and worsen over time.The most common symptoms include:
... pains, there is also the risk for these people may actually come down with the actual disease itself and not just receive the vaccination. Side effects are usually present within 5-10 days of the vaccination. Knowing beforehand, these people should not travel to tropical regions without being extremely cautious, because of the high risk of getting infected. In the case that a pregnant woman must travel to the tropical region, then she should be vaccinated, but should wait until after delivery to avoid complications associated with the vaccine. Babies are not candidates for receiving the vaccination. People traveling to the tropical region must carry a certificate stating that they have received the vaccination, which is good for 10 years, so that the local government is aware that the person has absolutely no risk of contracting this extremely deadly virus.
Tetanus is a highly preventable disease if a simple vaccination schedule is followed starting at birth. The vaccination for Tetanus was originally developed in the 1920’s and become a normal part of childhood vaccinations after World War II. DTap is the recommended vaccine for infants; it is a three in one vaccine, containing Tetanus, Pertussis, and diphtheria (Conrad, 2014). After the initial vaccination, a booster at the age of 7 is recommended, then every seven years after the age of 19 with the Td vaccination (Vyas,
It usually appears after spinal shock has subsided and is part of an upper motor neuron (UMN) syndrome. Other symptoms related to spasticity are muscle spasms, an abnormal increase in muscle tone, overactive stretch reflex, and clonus. Multiple causes can contribute to an increase in spasticity including but not limited to: changes in positions, the temperature of the environment, tightness of clothing, urinary/digestive complications, emotional stress, pressure ulcers, or a quick passive stretch to the spastic muscle. The severity of spasticity varies, and SCIs who have been diagnosed with spasticity reports it as being problematic; however, if those with mild to moderate involvement are taught how to control the onset of spasticity or spasms at specific times, this could be used to the individual’s advantage in helping with functional tasks such as transfers. On the other hand, if the spasticity is severe it can cause major problems with functional tasks. Treatment of spasticity typically includes slow-controlled stretching exercises, modalities, and medications. Common medications are muscle relaxants and spasmolytic agents such as baclofen, diazepam, tizanidine, and dantrolene sodium. Botulinum neurotoxin (botox) may also be given intramuscularly to manage focal spasticity. Surgical intervention may be required if all other treatments have failed. Surgical procedures that may be
The heart has a relatively long refractory period due to the plateau phase. The plateau phase occurs from the maintenance of a high calcium conductance and a delay in the subsequent increase in potassium conductance after a cardiac action potential. The heart membrane remains in a refractory or contracted state until the heart has fully returned to a relaxed state; therefore, tetanus or wave summation does not occur in cardiac muscles (Randall, 2002). When the frog’s heart was stimulated with single stimuli, an extrasystole and an increase in frequency was observed during the relaxation phase, but the amplitude remained constant. These results were analogous to the multiple stimuli treatment, which we expected. Because both single and multiple
A lot of stun gun supporters will say that it is a lot more effective than pepper spray and it is a lot easier and more efficient to use. However, if you have absolutely no idea on how to use a stun gun properly, it will likely fail to protect you and/or cause more harm than good. Therefore, if you either have a stun gun or you plan on purchasing one, you will want to follow some tips to ensure that you use it properly when you need it.
Chicken pox is not an Entrée that is served at one’s family holiday dinner party. Chicken pox is an extremely contagious disease caused by the Varicella zoster virus. Chicken Pox is not a disease that is known to affect other animals or insects. Unlike other diseases, where human and other animal close interaction causes the exchange of virus and disease this disease did not come from a human-chicken interaction. The name chicken pox has been stuck for generations; there are many theories behind its name. Chicken pox could sneak up on its young victims in the form of an innocent touch, or by inhaling tiny particles from a cough, or sneeze which then enters the respiratory tract. Once the virus attaches itself to it gracious, and unwilling host cells it causes a crimson rash that could be located on different parts of the body. The rash is highly irritating which makes it almost impossible not scratch. In the United States each year about 5,000 to 9,000 people are hospitalized, and around 100 people die from the microbe Varicella zoster that causes chicken pox.
This condition can happen anywhere on the body, but it most often happens on a finger or a toe. In severe cases, a hair tourniquet can lead to infection or tissue death.
If a tetanus cells enter the body they produce a neurotoxin (a protein that acts as a poison to the body's nervous system), this toxin causes muscle spasms. The toxin that we produce travels throughout the body via the bloodstream and the lymph system. As the toxin circulates and spreads more widely the toxin interferes with the normal activity of the nerves throughout the body, this leading to generalized muscle spasms. These spasms can make it hard to breath and hard to swallow sometimes they can be so forceful that they tear muscles or break bones.
for which no cure has yet been created. It is important to know however, that methods are currently available which can prevent the transfer of this virus, and even slow down its malicious effects. before they become fatal. It is equally important to know how to avoid getting the virus and also the symptoms in case you might run across them. They are all a lot.