1.) The New Kingdom creation of the Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall of Karnak served as a holy place where the Egyptians could pray to gods such as Amun-Re. Structures including pylons can be found in the Hypostyle Hall, allowing for division as one would walk further into the temple, which ran through a central axis plan. Clerestory lighting also found in the temple allowed for light to come into the space, which was enclosed by walls or columns. The architecture found at this site would influence later cultures. 2.) The Archaic piece Peplos Kore and the Classical piece, The Winged Goddess Nike Adjusting Her Sandal, both depict the female form, though do so in very different ways. The Peplos Kore has a more rectangular form due …show more content…
The Beaker with Ibex Motifs was created by the people of Ancient Susa, who sculpted the terracotta by hand or a slow hand-powered wheel. It is painted with geometric shapes and stylized animals, all of this done for funerary purposes. Hundreds of years later the Greeks would create the Niobides Krator, a wheel-thrown work of clay painted in pigmented slip. It was created to be a fairly large size due to its primary use as either a punch bowl or grave marker, and depicts several scenes from Greek mythology like Niobide's children being hunted by Apollo and Artemis as well as the Herakles' blessing at the Battle of Marathon. Other than the differences in form, the contrasting content of each piece reflect the ideals of their respective time periods well. In pre-Neolithic era times, the livelihood of people relied upon their fleeting source of food, animals. This caused animals to be symbolic of properties such as fertility or prosperity, which would want to be called upon in spiritual settings such as a burial. Later in Greece though, the Niobides Krator represented the themes of heroics and philosophy the Greeks valued. The actions of Niobide exercise hubris, an idea examined by Greek philosophers, and thoughts on this idea are represented through the consequences her children are faced with: death. By also
Nike of Samothrace is a beautiful winged sculpture also referred to as the Winged Victory of Samothrace is estimated to have been created between 200-190 BC. The BC marble sculpture of the Greek goddess Nike who was also known as Victoria (Victory) was not discovered until 1863. The sculpture was created to honor the Greek goddess and the sea battles of that time. On the other hand, the fearsome looking sculpture called the Coatlicue was created 1300-1500 in Tenochtitlan, Mexico. The Coatlicue was once buried because of the way it looks and Christians thought that images of the Aztec Gods were of the devil. The Christian were also afraid that if the Indian people were to see the stone images then they would start to worship them and abandon
The Greek and Egyptian Temples have differences and similarities. One of the main reasons they have differences is because of their geographical areas. The Egyptians were more into creating great monumental and fancy structures, whereas the Greeks preferred smaller and literary pieces of art. The Egyptian Temple’s layout has a more complex plan such as, courts, halls and chambers with the sanctuary deep inside the temple.
Ca.630 BCE. Limestone. This is a women freestanding statue in Greek art. Both of these two statues are youth sculpture and freestanding which are the naturalistically and not stocky. They do not have muscles and a strong body, I can only see they are being the lean body types. As the female statue, her feet are standing on the same level, but the male one is not. She is putting her right hand on her chest and wearing clothes to wrap her slim body. Thus, the Greek art only has little bit impact by Egyptians. Portraying nude men can be accepted, but for women it is not.
Monumental architecture in Pharaonic Egypt is represented primarily by the funerary complexes of the pharaohs. The principal function of these elaborate complexes was to ensure that the pharaohs, who were exalted as living gods, would attain the afterlife they desired. This required that two basic conditions be fulfilled: the body had to be preserved from disturbance or destruction; and the material needs of the body and the ka had to be met (Edwards 20). Pharaonic burial complexes were also centers of worship for the god-king interred there and were designed to exalt his memory and deeds.
The remaining years of his rule were distinguished by the construction of such monuments as the rock-hewn temple of Abû Simbel, the great hypostyle hall in the Temple of Amon at Al Karnak, and the mortuary temple at Thebes, known as Ramesseum.
Both sculptures include two figures, sharing intimate moments in time. The subjects are interacting with each other in a loving, tender way. The virgin holds her child at her waist, head tilted, and locking eyes with her small son as looks into her face lovingly. Dionysus has his arm around Pan looking down into the mythical creatures eyes. One figure is larger in scale than the other, and are balanced asymmetrically. Both sculptures are made up of smooth, organic lines and the subjects are proportional and realistic. The sculptures are both freestanding and are remarkably intact for their age, which shows the level of craftsmanship and ingenuity the artists had. Both sculptures have artists that are
The statue of Khafre is an example of how pharaohs utilized their wealth to elaborate the power they possessed while they were alive and to utilize while they were dead. They ordered statues to be made in their name to decorate the valley temple. The valley temple is a funerary setting in which Khafre ordered 23 statues to be made for it. In this case, Khafre’s statue was made and place near the
The end of the Geometric period resulted in the beginning of the Orientalizing Period, dated between 700-600 BC. Within this time frame, Greek introduced a new innovation, the Peripteral Temple. For many years prior, a row of colonnade was used on the interior primarily to hold up the roof of the building. In contrast, columns are seen being used on the outside, creating a visual wall around the building exposing parts of the interior. With in the temple existed the megaron style, carried forward from Bronze Age homes. It was also in eastern influenced period, the first real stone temples, and terra cotta roof tiles came to exist to hold the weight on these new stone temples. The population grew drastically, introducing new techniques and styles, which blended to form designs with balance and symmetry. It was during this period, two major Greek designs were developed, the Ionic and Doric order. (Pedley, 2012: pg. 180) The Doric order, being the first and most simple, consisted of baseless columns placed closely together as the Greeks did not know how much weight the shortened columns could hold. Reason behind this was the lack of length in the columns were believed to hold less weight and therefore forced into being placed closer together. This closely set arrangement created a very bold statement in the Doric temple. The Capital, which sat on top of the concaved shaped shaft, was left plain but when grouped alongside others, suggested a bold harmony. In contrast, the Ionic order was less bulky and more delicate than the Doric order. The top of the capital is decorated with two scrolls, also known as volutes, which could have resembled a shell or animal horns. Above the capital, held room for a surrounding frieze depictin...
In contrast to Denmark the USA society is made from vast diversity; diversity in class, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, geography and diversity in ideas. Despite of the clear differences between USA and Denmark societies what they have in common, or what all societies have in common, is that we are all humans. For this reason, we all have the same basic needs, like subsistence, protection, love, education, identity, full development of our personality, freedom, health and even leisure; witch should be protected over any other aspect in life. It is true that the economic system of Denmark, sound too good to be true, it is also true that this goodness has a price to be paid and this price is higher taxes. The money paid in taxes is returned to taxpayers as basic services which provided the entire society the fulfillment of their basic
Ancient Egypt’s pyramids are the oldest and largest stone structure in the world. Along the Nile 35 major pyramids still stand. The three largest pyramids at Giza rank as one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World. It was on the list of notable things to see which was made up by the travelers during ancient times. The ancient Egyptians also built temples of limestone. They designed parts of the temples to resemble plants. Moreover, many of ancient Egypt’s finest paintings and other works of art were produced for tombs and temples. Ancient Egyptian sculptors decorated temples with carvings showing festivals, military victories, and other important events. Sculptors also carved large stone sphinxes. These statutes were supposed to represent Egyptian Kings or Gods and were used to Guard temples and tombs. The Temples were houses of worship. The word temple most often refers to Buddhist, Confucian, Hindu, Taoist, and ancient Near Eastern and European places of worship. Most Temples are built to honor god, a God, or many Gods. Many of these buildings are considered the homes of gods. Back then and still today worship at temples often involves traditional ceremonies and may include sacrifices. Certain temples stood on sacred sites. The design of numerous temples was symbolic.
The constructions of the temple-palace had large scale implications for the Mesopotamian landscape. It served as a symbolic entity for the city and towns that it was located in due to the tremendous height of these buildings that served as beacons that loomed over villages. These temples were perceived by many individuals who resided in these villages as homes for the deities. A wide cross section of villagers from various social backgrounds belonged to a particular temple in which they would worship. “The temple community comprised a cross section of the population: officials, priests, merchants, craftsmen, food-producers and slaves.” (174 Temple-Palace) Due to the great spiritual investment that was placed within these temples it prompted much time and labor to be invested into their construction. These temples also served as an outlet in which to take care of underprivileged citizens who were poor, orphaned or physically incapable of earning a living. Besides the fact that these temples provided support to the community it also supported the government sector as well. “The activities of the temple coordinated the construction of irrigation canals that often involved the cooperation of several communities.” (174 Temple-Palace) The temple-palace served a variety of integral roles to the villages and cities located within Mesopotamia. Temples intially did not immediately serve all these features within communities in Mesopotamia. Through examining specific periods on the Mesopotamian plain we will further understand how the temple-palaces evolved over the centuries within Mesopotamia and how they eventually became centralized within the community.
In Ancient Greece, religion dominated their life, so it is understandable that their architecture would be dominated by their religion. Before Greece became many different city-states, they had kings, and they would build a room called a megaron to show they King’s authority. A typical megaron is a single chamber with a fire pit in the middle with a throne off to the side. This room opened up into a porch (portico) that had four columns in the front. After there were no more kings these megarons turned into temples. The fire pit, which turned into some type of altar or a place to show a sacrifice for that god, was now outside in front of the temple. The altar was now outside so people could see you make these sacrifices to their gods. The first Greek temples were made out of wood and were long rectangular buildings with a porch all the way around which was supported by columns made from tree trunks. A Greek temple consists of five basic parts: the pediment, entablature, columns, base, and the cella, or the inner sanctum. The pediment is triangular and would have a type of sculpture or ornament known as acreteria on each corner. An entablature consists of three parts: the cornice, frieze, and architrave, which holds up the pediment. The columns are the support between the entablature and the base. The base usually consists of three steps. The cella is the inner sanctum, which has different rooms with more columns for support. Each temple would have a cella but they were not identical.
One of the greatest cultural achievements of Ancient Egypt was undoubtedly in their architecture associated with religion.
One of the greatest cultural successes of Ancient Egypt was certainly in their architecture related with religion. Fumeaux mention, "Temples, tombs and pyramids - all have witnessed this earth for thousands of years. What better than to say that these architectural achievements show us that Egypt's greatest virtue lay in its architecture"[1]
Together with the surroundings, such as the small pyramids and the temples, they form a complex and symmetrical layout. Their location was also chosen with special consideration to capitalize on the building techniques of the time period. All these considerations have been made. them great wonders of the world. With the Nile River flowing beside them.