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History and development of internet
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History and development of internet
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CAN-SPAM Act -2003
“The CAN-SPAM Act, a law that sets the rules for commercial email, establishes requirements for commercial messages, gives recipients the right to have you stop emailing them, and spells out tough penalties for violations” (Fingerman, 2004).
Information technology and internet introduced the term Spam; irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of recipients. But any irrelevant and unclear information distributed in bulk by any sort of media can be considered as a spam. Before information technology, spammers used telegrams to send unsolicited commercial telegrams advertising the business. During great depression wealthy Americans were flooded with unclear investment marketing offers. Advancement in Information technology made people connect over the internet. The rise of internet made the spammer’s job simple by using electronic messaging systems to send unsolicited bulk messages (spam), especially advertising, indiscriminately.
The year 1997-2000 marked the internet boom with dot com companies appearing on the scene every day. Internet changed the way we used to do business and reach out to the customers on day to day basis. The volume of spam had grown exponentially after internet boom. Spam marketing hackers would highjack the business sites and used them for sending the spam. The price of marketing email spam was much less than paper based or direct mail. With paper based marketing campaign, response from one buyer per 100 mailing was sufficient to even out the expenses whereas in email spam response from one buyer per 100,000 was enough to make profit (Fingerman, 2004). The cost was lower for the sender but it was much higher for receiver as they spend the valuable time r...
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... 9). Spam Marches On ... And On. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://www.informationweek.com/spam-marches-on--and-on/d/d-id/1019252?
Marsan, C. D. (2008, October 6). CAN-SPAM: What went wrong? Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/100608-can-spam.html
Peavler, R. (n.d.). Sarbanes-Oxley Act - S0X - Enron Scandal. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://bizfinance.about.com/od/smallbusinessfinancefaqs/a/sarbanes-oxley-act-and-enron-scandal.htm
Raver, E. (2006, December 15). The Enron Scandal: the Crime, Scandal, Tragedy, and Controversy of the Century - Yahoo Voices - voices.yahoo.com. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://voices.yahoo.com/the-enron-scandal-crime-scandal-tragedy-controversy-136695.html?cat=3
Obringer, L. (n.d.). HowStuffWorks "Case Study: Enron". Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://money.howstuffworks.com/cooking-books7.htm
TechFite, known for its production of high-tech goods in Britain, began production in its first overseas factory in Dellberg USA. As TechFite begins its globalization of international economic integration, it soon realizes there are financial and social responsibilities that needed to be addressed in Dellberg.
The Enron Corporation was founded in 1985 out of Houston Texas and was one of the world 's major electricity, natural gas, communications, and pulp and paper companies that employed over 20,000 employees. This paper will address some of the ethical issues that plagued Enron and eventually led to its fall.
Flynt, Sean. “Enron Whistleblower Tells Chilling Tale of Corporate Ruin.” Samford University. Ed. Donna Fitch. 19 Feb. 2004. 3 Mar. 2005.
Throughout the past several years major corporate scandals have rocked the economy and hurt investor confidence. The largest bankruptcies in history have resulted from greedy executives that “cook the books” to gain the numbers they want. These scandals typically involve complex methods for misusing or misdirecting funds, overstating revenues, understating expenses, overstating the value of assets or underreporting of liabilities, sometimes with the cooperation of officials in other corporations (Medura 1-3). In response to the increasing number of scandals the US government amended the Sarbanes Oxley act of 2002 to mitigate these problems. Sarbanes Oxley has extensive regulations that hold the CEO and top executives responsible for the numbers they report but problems still occur. To ensure proper accounting standards have been used Sarbanes Oxley also requires that public companies be audited by accounting firms (Livingstone). The problem is that the accounting firms are also public companies that also have to look after their bottom line while still remaining objective with the corporations they audit. When an accounting firm is hired the company that hired them has the power in the relationship. When the company has the power they can bully the firm into doing what they tell them to do. The accounting firm then loses its objectivity and independence making their job ineffective and not accomplishing their goal of honest accounting (Gerard). Their have been 379 convictions of fraud to date, and 3 to 6 new cases opening per month. The problem has clearly not been solved (Ulinski).
Abstract: Electronic mail is quickly becoming the most prevalent method of communication in the world. However, e-mail systems in corporate, institutional, and commercial environments are all potential targets of monitoring, surveillance and ultimately, censorship.
Clark, R. (2008, January 27). How Poor Business Ethics Led To The Collape Of Enron Ethics. Retrieved March 19, 2011, from http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Poor-Business-Ethics-Led-To-The-Collape-Of-Enron-Ethics&id=951763
On the surface, the motives behind decisions and events leading to Enron’s downfall appear simple enough: individual and collective greed born in an atmosphere of market euphoria and corporate arrogance. Hardly anyone—the company, its employees, analysts or individual investors—wanted to believe the company was too good to be true. So, for a while, hardly anyone did. Many kept on buying the stock, the corporate mantra and the dream. In the meantime, the company made many high-risk deals, some of which were outside the company’s typical asset risk control process. Many went sour in the early months of 2001 as Enron’s stock price and debt rating imploded because of loss of investor and creditor trust. Methods the company used to disclose its complicated financial dealings were all wrong and downright deceptive. The company’s lack of accuracy in reporting its financial affairs, followed by financial restatements disclosing billions of dollars of omitted liabilities and losses, contributed to its downfall. The whole affair happened under the watchful eye of Arthur Andersen LLP, which kept a whole floor of auditors assigned at Enron year-round.
Thomas, C.W. (April, 2002). The rise and fall of enron. When a company looks too good to be true, it usually is. Journal of Accountancy, Retrieved June 15, 2011, from http://www.journalofaccountancy.com/Issues/2002/Apr/TheRiseAndFallOfEnron.htm
The American Dream typically involves working hard to build up an organization, maintaining it well, and reaping the benefits. This vision most certainly drove the formation of the energy powerhouse known as the Enron Corporation. The company began as two average sized organizations and within 15 years emerged as America’s seventh largest company. The organization employed close to 21,000 staff members with locations in over 40 nations around the world. Unfortunately, this success was decimated by numerous scandals involved with accounting practices. From lies of profits to questionable dealings, such as concealing debts, the parties involved with running the company had made some fatal errors. The end result left Enron without creditors and investors, leading to the firm to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy (British Broadcasting Corporation, Enron Scandal at a Glance). The story of this once remarkable company is one that can be traced from the decisions made from its inception leading all the way to the much publicized trials that ensued.
The Enron Corporation was an American energy company that provided natural gas, electricity, and communications to its customers both wholesale and retail globally and in the northwestern United States (Ferrell, et al, 2013). Top executives, prestigious law firms, trusted accounting firms, the largest banks in the finance industry, the board of directors, and other high powered people, all played a part in the biggest most popular scandal that shook the faith of the American people in big business and the stock market with the demise of one of the top Fortune 500 companies that made billions of dollars through illegal and unethical gains (Ferrell, et al, 2013). Many shareholders, employees, and investors lost their entire life savings, investments,
In part because of the bad reputation (and dubious legal status) which spamming carries, it is chiefly used to carry offers of an ill...
In the early years of computers and computerized technology, computer engineers had to believe that their contribution to the development of computer technology would produce positive impacts on the people that would use it. During the infancy of computer technology, ethical issues concerning computer technology were almost nonexistent because computers back then were not as multifaceted as they are today. However, ethical issues relating to computer technology and cyber technology is undeniable in today’s society. Computer technology plays a crucial role in all aspects of our daily lives. Different forms of computer technology provide unique functionalities that allow people to perform daily activities effectively and efficiently. In modern society, we use computer and cyber technology to communicate with friends and family via social networking sites, participate in business transactions, and get current news. Different tasks require unique technological feature in computer technology to function properly. Although, unique technological features increase people’s proficiency in accomplishing various tasks, unique technological features in computer and cyber technology increase security vulnerabilities. In many cases, the security vulnerabilities in computer technology are exploited by cybercriminals to invade people’s privacy, and steal people’s identity. We know that computers have no moral compass; they cannot make moral decisions for themselves. Essentially, people make moral decisions that affect others positively or negatively depending on how they use computer technology. Some of the biggest ethical issues facing people in the computing environment include privacy concerns on the web and identity theft. Privacy concerns...
Duquenoy, P., Jones, S., & Blundell, B. (2008). Ethical, legal and professional issues in computing. London: Thomson.
Using the internet to send email is now common place within the business world. There are 144.8 billion emails sent daily around the globe, but only 14% of these are deemed important (2012, mashable.com). Text based documents can be sent instantly within an organisation or to a company on the other side of the globe. This is much quicker than posting it in the letter box and waiting for return mail. Thes...