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Wealth distribution sociology
Wealth distribution sociology
Distribution of wealth and income in America
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Tax Structure: Habitat For Humanity Habitat for Humanity is a nonprofit organization dedicate to building homes for low-income individuals. This organization requires that potential homeowners assist in the building of their home or others to reduce the financing cost of homeownership. This paper focuses on the percentage of property tax revenue, two arguments in favor, and two arguments property tax breaks for Habitat of Humanity homeowner, and case resolution. Quantification "In 2004, property tax collections in the U.S. exceeded $300 billion. Property taxes are responsible for approximately 72% of all local tax revenues, representing the most important tax revenue source for local governments" (as cited in Shan, 2010, p.195). National statics does not separate Habitat for Humanity homeowners from other property owners. Consequently, this is also true for Wake County. Currently, Wake County uses a formulaic approach to property taxes to ensure equity in tax payments. This formulaic approach takes the home's market value divided by $100 multiplied by adding the county rate of .534 with the city rate for Raleigh is .3735, and a recycle fee of $20.00. For example, a home valued at $150,000/100 (.9075) + $20 would pay $1381.25 in property taxes. Neighboring counties of Johnston, Franklin, Chatham, and Durham also use this formula for assessing property taxes, which is in accordance with the North Carolina General Statues. Therefore, Habitat for Humanity homeowners pays the same property tax rates as their neighbors ensuring payment equity of property tax revenue. Arguments in Favor of a Property Tax Break Habitat for Humanity homeownership is income based; therefore, any future property tax assessments should c... ... middle of paper ... ...Finally, Habitat for Humanity should reconsider their mortgage calculations and provide extensive counseling on the affects of property taxes on home mortgages. References Netzer, D. (1973). The incidence of the property tax revisited. National Tax Journal, 26(4), 515-535. Leonard, T., & Murdoch, J. C. (2009). The neighborhood effects of foreclosure. Journal of Geographical Systems, 11(4), 317-332. doi:10.1007/s10109-009-0088-6 Mikesell, J. L. (2010). Fiscal administration: Analysis and applications for the public sector (8th ed.: 2010 custom edition). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning Shan, H. (2010). Property taxes and elderly mobility. Journal of Urban Economics, 67(2), 194-205. Wake County. (n.d.). How your property tax dollar is used. Retrieved from Wakegov.com website: http://www.wakegov.com/NR/rdonlyres/6D11C633-E80E-40FA-BF45-2E21C8B1EDEF/0/Charts2011.pdf
Furthermore, he attempts to dispel the negative aspects of gentrification by pointing out how some of them are nonexistent. To accomplish this, Turman exemplifies how gentrification could positively impact neighborhoods like Third Ward (a ‘dangerous’ neighborhood in Houston, Texas). Throughout the article, Turman provides copious examples of how gentrification can positively change urban communities, expressing that “gentrification can produce desirable effects upon a community such as a reduced crime rate, investment in the infrastructure of an area and increased economic activity in neighborhoods which gentrify”. Furthermore, he opportunistically uses the Third Ward as an example, which he describes as “the 15th most dangerous neighborhood in the country” and “synonymous with crime”, as an example of an area that could “need the change that gentrification provides”.
Because of the high prices of homes in the United States, people often focus on only the buying price when considering the costs of owning a house, and neglect many other aspects of home ownership. A house is not your regular item that you buy and store or use for a limited amount of time. Houses come in a package with upkeep costs and taxes, and it’s wise to take these into account when analyzing your finances.
...t of owning a rental property is more than the income it produces. The bottom line is that owning a rental property is a business, a way of making a living for most property owners, and must be viewed as such. My idea is to develop a policy that requires all residential multi-unit buildings to provide a percentage of rental units to serve the following populations: economically disadvantaged, veterans, and middle income. Resources such as low interest capital improvement loans, government subsidies to offset low income rates, allowable rent increases based on tenants length of tenancy and change in income, will be made available to property owners who offer more than the required number of units at affordable rents. The funding for these would come from the newly formed San Francisco program, Housing Opportunities Promoting Equality, known as the H.O.P.E. Program.
Response: Habitat for Humanity’s mission is to bring people together to build homes, communities, and hope. Habitat for Humanity believe that everyone deserves a decent place to live and brings resources together to build affordable housing for the in need population.
Then comes the education part, where according to the author Jonathan Kozol in his book Savage Inequalities Children in America’s schools, property tax is one of the main financial distributions that goes towards local schools. In Kozol’s book he quotes that, “typically in the United States, very poor communities place high priority on education, and they often tax themselves at higher rates than do the very affluent communities.
But before you ever experience the dedication ceremony, the home must be planned and built. After a homeowner applies, a family selection committee chooses families based on their level of need, their willingness to become partners in the program, (to build their house) and their ability to repay the loan. Just because Habitat homes are built strictly by volunteers, doesn't mean that they're free. It is the responsibility of the homeowner to pay monthly mortgage payments and a down payment just like anyone else would.
In California, the finance structure of local government gives them more incentives to approve commercial (non-residential) housing development. Cities and counties find fiscal benefits come primarily from the commercial development, such as hotels, restaurants, and retail establishments. The tax revenue received from these establishments could often offset the cost for a local government to provide public services. On the contrary, the affordable housing developments cause more local costs than yielding high tax revenues. Therefore, local governments have the motivation to develop commercial establishments by zoning considerable lands for such purposes. Consequently, many cities and counties have approved their land use planning disproportionately towards commercial
New York City is not only a tourist attraction, but considered one of the most expensive cities in the world to fund because of its superb security, overall popularity, and partly its dependence on Wall Street to pay high income taxes to fund social programs, such as those who help homeless individuals and low-income residents. Ever since Bloomberg's re-election in 2005 he warned New Yorker's that because of a gaping budget deficit the city may have to raise property tax and state tax. The only people who struggle the most from increasing taxes are those who are barely able to pay rent and other expenses, such as utilities bills. One of the reasons why increasing taxes affect individuals is because as property taxes rise the property owner has to spend more, which means his/her profits may be affected, thus increasing the rent of tenants (the most current increase was 4% in one-year leases and 7.25% in two-year leases). In the other hand residents that currently live in homeless shelters have fewer chances of finding an affordable apartment even if he/she obtains a job (Most of the jobs homeless shelters refuges receive are low-paying jobs).
Inclusionary zoning (IZ) is an affordable housing development program, which encourages the production of affordable housing and controls the housing prices. IZ policies in San Francisco, Boston, and Washington D.C support new residential developments to keep a certain percentage of the housing units affordable and serve to low income residents. Density bonuses are allowed to the developer to build more units, and fast-track permitting allows developers to expedite the building process. Although those programs have aided numerous residents, there is the argument followed, IZ program would cause the prices of market-rate housing to rise ultimately reducing rather than increasing affordability. To find out the truth of the IZ program, the research team in Furman Center, New York University addresses these questions.
For those of us with warm roofs over our heads and groceries on the table the problem of affordable housing does not often surface. But for low-income families, where half the income can disappear simply trying to keep the family sheltered in an acceptable home, the problem is a daily one. President of the BRIDGE Housing Corporation Donald Terner and columnist Brad Terner argue that affordable housing is a problem that should involve everyone. From your local supermarket clerk to your child’s science teacher, the problem of affordable housing can affect us all.
Prior to 1978, local governments maintained a great deal of freedom in budgeting. The majority of revenue for local governments came from property taxes. They were able to set their own property tax rates based on revenue needs and meet the service demands of residents while avoiding budget deficits. However, the adoption of Proposition 13 in 1978 put a major constraint on property tax as a source of revenue. The impact was felt much more in counties than cities, as property tax made up around two-thirds of revenue (Cummins 2014, 233). Counties lost substantial control of their major fiscal resources to fund police and other law enforcement services, fire protection, parks, libraries, schools, hospitals and public health. California cities
On November 3 of this year, Texans will have the opportunity to vote on several proposed amendments to the Texas constitution. The first of these, Proposition 1, proposes to increase the homestead exemption available to property owners from $15,000 to 25,000. Supporters of the measure claim the amendment would provide much needed tax relief for Texans across the state, among other benefits. On the other hand, opponents of the measure argue that this proposed amendment would alienate Texans who don't own property, in addition to other complaints. Is this amendment a good or bad idea? This essay will attempt to shed some light on the matter by analyzing the arguments for an against the amendment. I'll also argue
Sidney, Mara S. 2003. Unfair Housing: How National Policy Shapes Community Action. Lawrence: Univ. Press of Kansas.
The meaning of home to older adults transcends the financial and physical qualities of the brick and mortar. Gillsjo, Schwartz-Bardot, & Von Post (2011) suggested that “home was experienced as the place the older adult could not imagine living without, but also as the place one might be forced to leave” (p. 2). Notwithstanding an American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) survey (2010) which showed that the “majority of older adults polled preferred to age in place” (p. 1), the dilemma for many seniors is how to do so when faced with deteriorating housing conditions and “insufficient resources in retirement” (Neil & Neil, 2009, p. 53). In an effort to supplement inadequate retirement incomes, some seniors have capitalized on the “accumulated equity in their homes” (Kroleski, Ryan, & Bottiglieri, 2009, p. 37) through the provision of reverse mortgages. Other elderly homeowners faced with housing conditions that are considered unsafe or unacceptable by objective housing standards, have chosen to stay in their lifelong homes until they are forced to vacate, according to Dee Gillis, City of Gastonia Code Enforcement Administrator, (personal communication, March 23, 2011). Further, Oswald and Wahl (2005) suggested that many elderly homeowners have become oblivious to potential hazards and threats within the home, and have adapted to those environmental obstacles. While the purpose of housing standards and reverse mortgages may be to promote livability in existing housing, the unintended consequences of both may inevitably serve to displace elderly homeowners. Consequently, this paper will examine existing housing quality standards developed by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and by one local mun...
Every day millions of people worldwide call our streets their home. In cases like these, people may need a helping hand; Habitat for Humanity is an organization working to put a roof over the worlds head, one house at a