1. Describes the roles and relationships of the following terms in the Catholic Church structure: Pope, Holy See, Cardinal, Bishop, Diocese, Priest, Deacon, and Laity. Describe each term in writing and explain how each is related to one other term.
a. Pope – the Pope, is the head of the church and is the Vicar of Christ and guides the morals and faith of the church ("Church Roles," 2017). The Pope is elected through a conclave of Cardinals engaging in a daily vote until the majority vote identifies the newly elected Pope. The highest membership residing over the church is made up of bishops and archbishops, the Pope is the highest designated Bishop and leader of the Roman Diocese and is the designated worldly leader of the entire Christian flock
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After the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, the church was stripped of much of its land and privileges, the church in a reactionary posture aligned itself with the wealthy and its anti-socialistic mindset and denounce any and all aspects of human rights and privileges.
4. See the second to last paragraph of page 42 in the second classroom edition of your text describe what was in the “syllabus of errors.” Explain how these positions run counter to commonly held ideas today.
a. The “Syllabus of Errors” yielded heresies on all accounts of human rights, human inequality, religious toleration, freedom of speech and denounced the idea of separation of church and state (Massaro, 2012, p. 42). Today's Catholic church takes a much broader philanthropic stance, opposite of the “syllabus of errors..” The church contributes countless dollars through a wide variety of charities to the financial challenge and promotes equal and fair working conditions and basic human rights (Massaro, 2012, p. 46).
5. On pages 43 - 46 in the second classroom edition of your text, Massaro identifies some of the pioneers of social justice. Identify the three primary pioneers mentioned and describe in a line or two what their contributions
first and highest rank is known as the Episcopate Rank, and is composed of all the Bishops. Next
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome and the leader of the Catholic Church. This is something that started right after the death of Jesus. When Jesus resurrected, he said to St. Peter, “Feed my lambs.... Tend my sheep.... Feed my sheep.” This command given to Peter made him the head of the apostles, henceforth, making him the first Pope. Peter would rule for approximately 34 years, and when he died he was succeeded by St. Linus. The tradition of serving as Pope until death was started by Peter and has been carried on for centuries. Since Peter, there have been 264 Popes and very few have not stayed in power until their death. Most recently, and most commonly known, is Pope Benedict XVI. As the successor of John Paul II, Benedict chose to step down due to old age. Despite this, Pope Benedict did great things during his papacy.
The Declaration’s proclamations of the “unalienable and sacred rights of man,” point towards religious undertones; however, Revolutionary France discontinued a state religion (National Assembly). Therefore, although the language of the document indicates a religion influence, it shies away from a religious focus. Thus, the Deistic thought which stemmed from the Enlightenment, although somewhat muted, clearly inspired the course of the French documents in a similar manner to that of the United States, in spite of the evolving viewpoints of the time. In addition to a religious disposition, statements regarding the “natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man,” indicate humanistic and morally inclined focuses from the Enlightenment (National
This loss of power was a direct result of several factors: the patriarchal canons of early Eastern and Western Church councils, the conversion of the Emperor Constantine, and the decree of Emperor Theodosius that made Christianity the state religion of Rome (Lynch,10). These events led to positions in the Church such as presbyter, deacon, and bishop being held in high regard, and also hi...
It is the concept of a single entity within the Church ruling with absolute power. This entity is not limited to a signal priest or religious figure it may also be a group and thus create an oligarchical structure. This is important because religion can often mobilize people, although when the church become authoritarian and totalitarian is can be dangerous.
Hypocrisy and religious persecution by the Roman Catholic Church is an important aspect of the Enlightenment that is discussed in the book. For instance, almost all of the religious figures repeatedly break canon law and disregard their virtuous duties. The Baron belonged to the Jesuits and his family is living better than the poor people they should have been aiding. James, the Anabaptis...
Christianity has evolved over several centuries into three major branches, and from there they have been further divided into numerous denominations. The branches are Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. Roman Catholicism is headed by the Pope and is known for several distinctive beliefs and practices that set them apart from the rest of Christianity. Eastern Orthodoxy is not one united church; instead it is an association of thirteen self-governing bodies denominated by the nation where they are located. Each church is headed by a Patriarch. The Patriarch of Constantinople is recognized as the universal patriarch, he is the closest counterpart to the Roman Catholic’s Pope, he enjoys special honor but has no real power the
Social Justice is equality and fairness for all human beings. It is the subject of many official Catholic teachings and Catholics Organisation. To understand the reasons for the compassion and love by Catholics seeking peace and justice for all humanity, it is important to examine a specific example of human injustice in the world today.
A. “The Church in the Age of Enlightenment and Revolution”. Verbal Conscience. March 2012. Web. The Web.
Proving to be the paramount of the conflict between faith and reason, the European Enlightenment of the eighteenth century challenged each of the traditional values of that age. Europeans were changing, but Europe’s institutions were not keeping pace with that change.1 Throughout that time period, the most influential and conservative institution of Europe, the Roman Catholic Church, was forced into direct confrontation with these changing ideals. The Church continued to insist that it was the only source of truth and that all who lived beyond its bounds were damned; it was painfully apparent to any reasonably educated person, however, that the majority of the world’s population were not Christians.2 In the wake of witch hunts, imperial conquest, and an intellectual revolution, the Roman Catholic Church found itself threatened by change on all fronts.3 The significant role that the Church played during the Enlightenment was ultimately challenged by the populace’s refusal to abide by religious intolerance, the power of the aristocracy and Absolutism, and the rising popularity of champions of reform and print culture, the philosophes, who shared a general opposition to the Roman Catholic Church.
Education from the Church has initiated structural learning which brought a gradual end to the barbaric era (Dark Ages). The Church’s legacy gained them the medieval reputation of society and this has influenced the reputation of the Church today.
The medieval Roman Catholic church was extremely powerful and influential through their taxes and ability to control peoples beliefs and religious ideas. The Church acted as a sort of over-lord to the monarchs of the European Christendom, encouraging and in some cases forcing rulers to act by their will and influencing the citizens of the country. The Pope gave himself the power to bestow the power of Holy Roman Emperor, a position which gave the emperor power over a large area of Europe. This ability gave the Pope power over the emperor therefore making the Pope ultimate leader of the continent. Because of all the Popes abilities, the Church became an extremely significant institute and force in the middle ages. Although the church is not nearly as powerful as it was, the remnants of its most powerful times can still be found today.
Social injustice had always been an uncorrected shortcoming for France from the early 19th century to the present. While the social injustice that appeared in the form of French religious persecution was much more visible during the early 19th century than in the reasonably tolerant 21st century, as seen in the contrasting cases of the Anti-Sacrilege Act in 1825 and the About-Picard Law in 2001, social injustice was a ubiquitous presence in many religious institutions of France. In a different degree of paramountcy, the social injustice manifested in the style of French political inequalities remains to be a perennial prejudice against the “forgotten man”, one clear-cut case being the anti-Semitic and espionage controversy of the Dreyfus Affair in the modern 20th century. In the same way, the social injustice seen in the economic discrimination in France was so prominent that literary works such as Les Miserables by eminent novelist Victor Hugo and its more modern philosophical counterpart, La Misère Du Monde by prominent French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu continually emphasized on the French economic inequalities between the inferior social classes and bourgeois-esque citizens. While religious persecution in France was more visible in the 1800s than that of recent times, the social injustice seen in the case of political inequalities and economic discriminations remained more or less the same throughout the 19th and 21st centuries.
One of the most basic teachings in the Catholic Church is to ?Love one another as I have loved you.? This can be implied towards people living in poverty as we can follow the steps that Jesus had undertaken to love other people even if they are your enemies. By showing love and compassion we can create a world that is aware of poverty issues and help the declination of poverty. Countless organisations are heavily involved in carrying missions to help ultimately eradicate poverty. These charities and organisations include CARITAS, World Vision, Oxfam, St Vincent de Paul and many other non profitable organisations which help carry out work to help those who are in need.
According to the Socialjustice.com (2014) website, a further feature of the Catholic provision, which affected the impact on social policy, was the overpowering character and the lack of the intellectual and theoretical base. Catholic religious co...