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Marketing business impact
The meaning of masculinity essay
The meaning of masculinity essay
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Masculinity in Advertisements Today What does it take to be a “man?” Men do not generally enjoy being told they are not exemplifying the features needed to be considered a man. Advertisements in society today have depicted what they envision is what it takes to be a man. Susan Bordo, in “Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body” argues that advertisements are now sexualizing men in more ways that are similar but still different to how women are sexualized. Bordo believes that males have become oversexualized just like women. Men and women are however sexualized in both similar and different fashions. In Bordo’s culture women were sexualized in an erotic and intimate way that is meant to depict them as risqué and beautifully appealing, whereas men …show more content…
He is staring directly into the camera to establish a presence of dominance. This model is clearly in shape, due to his washboard abs and arm muscles, showing his masculinity. Calvin Klein is trying to convey a message that using this cologne will allow you to become more masculine, just like the man in the ad looks like. A company uses this type of advertisement because masculinity is a huge part of a male’s confidence, in which companies know they want to be as masculine as they can be to compare themselves to the model on the ad. The Calvin Klein ad pictured above is a general ad that was the main way men were sexualized in the 1999 culture. In the 90’s, women tended to be the ones who were sexualized in movies and shows. It was believed that “women in ads and movies thus require no plot excuse to show off their various body parts in ads, proudly, shyly, or seductively (Bordo 209).” What Bordo is trying to convey to her readers is that women were meant to be the focal point based on their appearance, not anything to do with their actual acting ability. Men tend to be viewed as “dependent upon the promise of power which he embodies…what he is capable of doing to you or for you (Bordo 208)”, which shows that the males were there to show their power and masculinity throughout the movie/tv show being …show more content…
In the culture Bordo writes about, men were only being sexualized in ads that pose them in the “face-on” or “the lean” position. Yes, Dempsey is posed in those positions in the advertisement above, but he also poses in different styles that imply a more sexual feel. In the above advertisement for Versace, Dempsey is posed in a laying down position on a boat in the ocean. This is clearly much different from the normal male advertisements in Bordo’s time. Women used to be the ones who were sexualized in sexual ways, but society has now added males into this type of sexualization. Men are no longer meant to look purely masculine but are also now meant to look seductive and alluring. Dempsey is portrayed in this way based on the way he is laying on the
Common sense seems to dictate that commercials just advertise products. But in reality, advertising is a multi-headed beast that targets specific genders, races, ages, etc. In “Men’s Men & Women’s Women”, author Steve Craig focuses on one head of the beast: gender. Craig suggests that, “Advertisers . . . portray different images to men and women in order to exploit the different deep seated motivations and anxieties connected to gender identity.” In other words, advertisers manipulate consumers’ fantasies to sell their product. In this essay, I will be analyzing four different commercials that focuses on appealing to specific genders.
By doing this, it is showing that they are less powerful than men. Ads tend to put women down. Like Kilbourne stated, the Cosmopolitan advertisement shows in a few ways how they feel women are less powerful than men. The first way is where the half of the ad is covering up the woman’s face with some of her hair. Therefore, this shows weakness by stating the models being silenced or cannot speak what is on her mind. Since this is an ad for teens and young adults, it is also suggested, being that they are so young, they have no say, especially because they are a woman. The second way this ad is trying to show women are weaker than men is on the other half of the ad. It is showing the blonde-headed woman jumping from one bench to the other. The models presented as not having any sense. If this were a man in the advertisement, he would not be jumping or posing in any foolish ways. In conclusion, the Cosmopolitan advertisement on the American Eagle Outfitters jean jacket, along with several other ads, shows weakness in women compared to
Bordo described in her article that Calvin Klein’s advertising campaigns were so revolutionary, men started to care about their appearance just as much as women care about theirs (Bordo, 152). Bordo gave multiple examples of this trend, including the Gucci commercial:
When Americans think of masculinity, they often see an unemotional, assertive, and muscular man. This identity is broadcast all over America and young boys and men are soaking it up like sponges. During the Super Bowl every year, companies display commercials that are intended to subconsciously show men how they’re supposed to carry themselves. For instance, in the Miller Lite commercial “Man card”, four friends are at a club when they see their friend sweet talking to a girl in the corner and they proceed to tell him to “Man up”. Also in the next clip the same 3 guys are playing football when they see the other guy riding a scooter and they proceed to tell him what he’s doing is “unmanly”.
Carrie Packwood Freeman and Debra Merskin are the authors of “Having it his Way: The Construction of Masculinity in Fast-Food TV Advertising”. They describe how fast food restaurants across America use masculinity in their commercials to target the male population and get them to buy their food. Although I concede that fast food restaurants do use masculinity to target the male population, I also insist that they are also used to target the female population of America as well. The masculinity not only appeals to the male population, but the female population as well. In the article, Freeman and Merskin analyze commercials for six different fast food restaurants that use masculinity to sell the idea of their food being good and manly.
Professors Carrie Packwood and Debra Merskin, authors of the essay “Having It His Way: The Construction of Masculinity in Fast-Food Advertising”, repudiate the stereotypical macho behaviors that are used in several commercials to build a reputation for men while women are used as objects. Media use this stereotype to sell nearly every product; being fast food, beer, and cars on top of the list. Furthermore, Packwood and Merskin claim that advertisement present men, compared to women, as superior individuals with total freedom who see women as prizes. The perfect macho type is a strong resource to sell beer; the Tui beer commercial “Temptations can be dangerous, stay focused” applied this stereotype, where men are on the spotlight and women
In Jib Fowles analysis of advertising he states, “An advertisement communicates by making use of a specifically selected image (of a supine female, say, or a curly-haired child, or a celebrity) which is designed to stimulate “subrational impulses and desires ” (75). Fowles quote applies to Tom Ford’s 2012 advertisement. Ford’s advertisements, portray women as sex icons. In his advertisement, there’s a woman who has dramatic makeup and is looking directly at the camera to show attraction. She’s posing while there’s a man behind her to represent protection and dominance. Meanwhile, men always have to have a masculine identity while women have to simply be beautiful. This is a mainstream issue that devalues women, encourages sexual harassment, and advertises violence against women.
Advertisers use whatever they can to attract the reader. From a sexual appealing look to a word. One of the most helpful approaches is sex of course which can capture anyone's attention. The ad for Opium perfume depicts a young brunet that has nicely shaped body and wears nothing but golden slippers, necklace and bracelet. Model is laying down seeming like she is enjoying herself and maybe experiencing orgasm. Again in Dolce & Gabbana ad, we see man and woman having passionate foreplay; with one hand he is pulling her bra strap down while with other touching her breast and she is taking her panties off. In this ad, the naked female body and idea of sex is used to get the image of their product into the reader's memory. "Newsweek wrote: The strategy is that, while the consumer studies the picture, the designer's name melts into the brain. And a big part of the message that was melting in was sexual." (Streitmatter, pp. 123) Anyhow, both ads use sexual attention to grab reader's attention. This is exactly what Calvin Klein had intended he wanted to "make sure, first and foremost, that anyone who was thumbing through the pages of a magazine would stop and look at the ads.
Katharina Linder. 2004. “Images of Women in General Interest and Fashion Magazine Advertisements from 1955 to 2002.” Sex Roles 51:409-421.
This essay will attempt briefly to argue the damages and benefits of how advertising shapes women's gender identity. First of all, gender identity, sometimes referred to as an individual’s psychological sex. It has been defined as the "fundamental, existential sense of one’s maleness or femaleness" (Spence 1984, p. 83).There are many types of advertisements that might form women gender personality for instance: smoking, drinking, weight and thinness and other supporting sorts that keep women in line trying to be good-looking and fashionable. Many advertisements portray women as just body parts or in a submissive stature to extra use subliminal meaning as reinforcement for male domination.... ...
The Paco Rabanne Invictus fragrance for men advert, published in 2013, seems to portray how a modern male should appear: strong, muscular, and heavily tattooed while women are perceived as relationship-oriented, and eye-candies: a lightweight drapery hides their private parts whilst revealing their forms. Thus, it reinforces gender stereotypes. As Buying Into Sexy points out sex sells, and people tend to be heavily exposed to adds as well as “music videos that feature plenty of sexual innuendo”. That is why humongous corporations “(create) a certain environment of images that we grow up in and that we become used to (in order to) shape what we know and what we understand about the world”, states Justin Lewis in Mickey Mouse Monopoly. So, how is the ideology of masculinity represented throughout this ad? The warrior-esque man is physically desirable, and irresistible to women. Even though the audiences are aware of the existed hyperbole, they might focus on the experienced feelings of smelling good.
For example, the ad creates a depiction of the average comic book superhero, complete with washboard abs, skintight leotard, flowing cape, and a very revealing set of bright blue briefs. This depiction relates well to a passage from Susan Bordo in her essay titled “Reading Bodies,” in her essay she makes the claim “Revealing the basic outline of the male legs and genitals… meant the male body was a more utilitarian, “authentic,” no-nonsense, truthful body” (Bordo 109-113). Her statement relates to the superheroes attire in the ad, showing off how an honest, hardworking, and no-nonsense attitude can be represented by the skintight revealing clothing. The superhero in this ad represents the perfect archetype for many of the lifesaving defenders depicted in media today. Additionally, the superhero is not the only character on the page, joining him is an average looking male who appears to imagine himself as a caped crusader portrayed in a large comical thought bubble.
The portrayals of men in advertising began shifting towards a focus on sexual appeal in the 1980s, which is around the same that women in advertising were making this shift as well. According to Amy-Chinn, advertisements from 1985 conveyed the message that “men no longer just looked, they were also to be looked at” as seen in advertisements with men who were stripped down to their briefs (2). Additionally, advertisements like these were influencing society to view the male body “as an objectified commodity” (Mager and Helgeson 240). This shows how advertisements made an impact on societal views towards gender roles by portraying men as sex objects, similarly to women. By showcasing men and women in little clothing and provocative poses, advertisements influenced society to perceive men and women with more sexual
In the essay “Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body,” author and philosopher Susan Bordo discusses the history and current state of male representation in advertisements. While using her feminist background, Bordo compares and contrasts the aspects of how men and women are portrayed in the public eye. She claims that there has been a paradigm shift the media with the theory that not just women are being objectified in the public eye, but also men too. Since the mid-1970s, with the introduction of Calvin Klein commercials, men have started to become more dehumanized and regarded as sex symbols. In a similar fashion to how Bordo describes gender, race plays a similar role in the media. People of all different ethnicities and cultures are being categorized into an oversimplified and usually unfair image by the media over basic characteristics.
It is clearly an advertisement designed to market the brand of Calvin Klein, and while that isn’t wrong in itself, the way it is portrayed is very debatable. First and foremost, we can see a man on top of a topless woman, holding her as though they were engaging in sexual activity. That alone already makes it very sexual. The woman is shown to have her hands above her head, as if she was in complete submission. Her closed eyes and slightly parted lips are also evident features of this sexual advertisement.