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A thesis on price controls
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Section One: Critical Summary With prescription drug prices continually on the rise, especially in recent years, many have posed the question of how to control them. In their article “Why Don’t We Enforce Existing Drug Price Controls? The Unrecognized and Unenforced Reasonable Pricing Requirements Imposed upon Patents Deriving in Whole or in Part from Federally Funded Research,” Peter Arno and Michael Davis address and pose a solution to this long standing and hotly debated issue. The piece is an article published in 2001 as part of a student edited journal from Tulane Law University titled “The Tulane Law Review.” Although written in 2001, the problems addressed in this article hold the same, if not more merit than they did when the article …show more content…
To appeal to their reader’s logic, Arno and Davis use the elements of diction, structure, and examples, and to increase their credibility they use examples and …show more content…
For example, in a research paper titled “Perfecting Patent Prices,” author Michael Abramowicz, a professor at The George Washington University, discusses why the current method to control pharmaceutical prices, giving “prizes” to companies that hand over their patent rights to the government, won’t work, and offers a solution. In his paper, he uses one of the points made in Arno and Davis’s article to help articulate his point that current methods are flawed. He states “The most obvious aspect of the adverse selection problem is that prizes might be paid to inventors with commercially unattractive inventions,” (Abramowicz 56). In this quote, Abramowicz is talking about how patent holders have the right to withhold some information about their product, such as its overall effectiveness or side effects, which results in the government investing in drug patents that undesirable baggage they were unable to see. Arno and Davis also shed light on this issue, discussing how the patent holder’s right to privacy opens doors for the exploitation of the government’s patent buying system, which results in the commercially unattractive inventions Abramowicz mentions. Arno and Davis’s article was an important part of one of Abramowicz’s main points, showing the relevancy of the points brought up in their
(7) Hall B. Patents and Patent Policy -. 2007. The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the Morse H. SETTLEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DISPUTES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRIES: ANTITRUST RULES. Allison JR, Lemley MA, Moore KA, Trunkey RD. Valuable patents. Geol.
Palmer, William. "Rhetorical Analysis." Discovering Arguments: An Introduction to Critical Thinking, Writing, and Style. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012. 268-69. Print.
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In week 10 of spring semester we discussed chapter 11’s Intellectual Property Law. “Property establishes a relationship of legal exclusion between an owner and other people regarding limited resources.” In this chapter, we learn that the Constitution allows Congress “to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors to the exclusive Right to their respective writings and discoveries.”
3Walker, Hugh: Market Power and Price levels in the Ethical Drug Industry; Indiana University Press, 1971, P 25.
The United States has long been a leader in scientific research, but it will take industry, academia, and government working together for our country to stay there. Since the implementation of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, which gave universities greater control over intellectual property, research universities have teamed up with partners during early-stage development to further their resources. The new task of universities was not to conduct research with the intent to make money, but to present their findings to the public domain for the sake of knowledge and the public good. In 2004, David Sinclair and Christopher Westphal, two innovative scientists following their intuition, founded Sirtris Pharmaceuticals. The founding idea arose from Sinclair’s
Although monopolies appear damaging at times, there are arguments that they are an advantage to society. Monopolies in the pharmaceutical industry drive companies to pursue research and development (R&D) efforts to gain new patents. According to a 1992 study, among the 24 US. Industry groups, pharmaceuticals dedicated 16.6% of their amounts to basic research, while all other industries averaged at 5.3% (Sherer 1307). This fact validates the incentive pharmaceutical companies have to get a patent and acquire more power. Pfizer encourages R&D because of the incentives and a want to obtain patents to receive more profit. Pfizer has to promote itself to be successful, creating a good brand image that consumers will trust. If the company can advertise successfully, more consumers will purc...
Michael Crichton in “Patenting Life”and John E. Calfee in “Decoding The Use Of Gene Patents” discuss Gene Patent. Although the authors agree that the test for cancer is too expensive, the authors have different views about how much each patient should pay for medical expenses and who should get the better treatment by the cancer they have. Gene patents is very dangerous, but also very expensive to care for unfortunately. Test for breast cancer now costs $3,000 “Crichton”(441). Now because of it costing so much, they have had six lawsuits by 2008 “Calfee” (445).
...rm debate. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America have lobbied against legislation to allow drugs from other nations into the United States. Prescription prices in America have increased beyond affordability and are hindering the health of the nation. Americans are forced to bear the burden of research costs and are being turned into deviants and white-collar criminals. By ridding the monopoly of the pharmaceutical companies and evening the prescription prices throughout the globe, the drastic increase in prescription prices can be prevented. Even just passing legislation that in fact allows Americans to decide their own fate when it comes to their prescription medications, would have a drastic impact on pharmaceutical pricing. After all isn't it the point of the government to stand up for its citizens and care more for them, not its business.
The system that is in motion at present between the big pharmaceutical companies, the generics industry and the WHO seems to be working efficiently. Some may complain that the pharmaceutical companies are creating too big a monopoly and are greedy, but without them discovery of new medicines wouldn’t happen. Patents have thus far ensured that inventors and researchers reap economic rewards for their work, and new treatments and new medicines are made available on a regular basis. Essentially, without patents there would be no innovation and discovery of new medicines. And without that, we would be no better off than we are now.
"Purdue OWL: Logic in Argumentative Writing." Purdue Online Writing Lab. Purdue University, 11 Mar. 2013. Web. 10 Jan. 2014.
...s the lack of resources and workforce to review these applications”12. Given the troubles of the USPTO and the growing number of documented cases of egregious patent litigation, many economists are attempting to answer the question; “Does our patent system need to be fixed?“ Opinions agreeing in the affirmative can be found in the same prevalence as those comfortable with the status quo. Some economists feel a “fine-tuning” is all that is needed. Among the abundance of “hot-button” policy questions surrounding our intellectual property system are genomic material issues, software patents, increased litigation, expansion of what is patentable, and patent holdup5. The remainder of the paper will look at the pros and cons of our current system and attempt to propose a consensus of the best remedies available to improve our economy through an envigorated patent system.
Verschuren, Jan-Ola Ostman, and Jan Blommaert (eds.). Handbook of Pragmatics- Manual. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Pp.204-210.
Scotchmer, Suzanne. 1991. “Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Cumulative Research and the Patent Law.” Journal of Economic Perspectives. doi:10.1257/jep.5.1.29.