The word tenements means shanties, or dwellings where people of low income in a community lives. In the book, “How The Other Half Lives” the author begins by showing the worldview of riches and poverty. In the introduction of the text, the author indicates that people from rich places shunned tenements. Tenements have numerous problems. They were over-inhabited; people lead awful lives, poor sanitation, and general low living standards [1]. Jacob Riis in this text indicates that there was a time the tenements were intensely violent and the upheavals great. Meaning, people living in the tenements defied a lot of pressure and appalling circumstances to survive, something that the author says that people from the other half of the world did not grasp[2]. However, despite the generalities, the author gives prime preferences for some of the things that he thinks caused major problems in the tenements. Such as the overcrowding, poverty, the greed and impunity.
The overcrowding is a major tenement problem. According to the book, Riis says that “New York grew into a bigger city because it was not crowded as others were at that moment”. He says that the “growth of New York into a city came as a surprise to many, as it was a common thing to see tenements grow into cities”[3]. The author also states that the crowding in New
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York was immense. Arguably, crowding was not only a problem in the tenements, but it also worked it’s way to cities. With overcrowded places, it might have been difficult for the government to develop the community or for the rich to even want to help because they were looked down upon by them. Poverty is another problem that faced the tenements. According to the author poverty led to exploitation of the poor by the rich people in the cities.[4] The author mentions Washington, as a perfect example where people’s small earnings ensured that their budgets were overwhelmingly sliced. Workers in the tenements worked diligently, but their wages were too little to sustain a hefty budget. The author says that in the beginning, the tenement house in Washington was synonymous to a blessing to the poor, but as time went on, exploitation and poor pay crept in and changed whatever was good about the tenement houses[5]. The conditions were similar all across other tenement-houses. Therefore, poverty brought many tribulations to the people living and working in the tenements. The effects of poverty caused many problems such as disease, hunger, malnutrition and effected the economy negatively. Lastly, greed, and impunity were major problems that faced the tenements.
In the tenements, two classes existed, the rich, and the poor. In this setting, the rich were greedy and in most cases, they exploited the poor by making them work more than they paid them[6]. For this reason, it is important to stress greed and impunity as some of the problems that the tenements faced. For example, the poor worked under tyrant masters because of their poor conditions and the rich took advantage of the poor conditions to pay them less than they should have. These horrible working conditions and treatment continued because there were not any consequences for the
rich. Lastly, I think that greed and impunity were the major problems of the tenements, because it led to the exploitation of the hard working immigrants, poverty and the overcrowding. Greed started a negative chain effect that ended in poor living conditions for the immigrants that gave up everything just to come to here. Since the rich people that owned these businesses continued to profit off of this treatment, there was not any incentive for them to change their ways.
Davis addresses various important factors in a peasant’s life. She highlights many components of peasant society, including their social classes and how their society values property in different ways. Davis also includes the peasants’ culture. She elaborates on the importance of children and the consequences of not being able to produce children. She also explains typical marriage procedures and customs. Lastly, Davis talks about some of the laws and common uses of the judicial system by peasants. By incorporating these factors into her book Davis is successful at recreating life for peasants in France during the sixteenth century.
It is easily seen that the housing of the actual migrant workers varied greatly from the characters in Of Mice and Men. Finding that the housing for the workers differed, it leads one to believe that other differences existed as well.
For there was an extreme inequality amongst them, and their state was overloaded with a multitude of indigent and necessitous persons, while its whole wealth centered upon a very few. To the end therefore, that he might expel from the state arrogance and envy, luxury and crime, and those yet more inveterate diseases of want and superfluity (Plutarch 9).
On the very first page, Riis states, “Long ago it was said that ‘one half of the world does not know how the other half lives.’ That was true then. It did not know because it did not care (5).” In first-person, Riis discusses his observations through somewhat unbiased analysis, delivering cold, hard, and straightforward facts. Following the War of 1812, New York City had a population of roughly half a million, desperately in need of homes. The solutions were mediocre tenements: large spaces divided into cheaper, smaller rooms, regardless of whether or not there were windows. Some families were lucky, being able to afford the rooms with windows, while others had to live in pitch-black, damp, and tiny rooms literally in the center of the building. These tenements contained inadequate living conditions; disease murdered many citizens, causing a shortage of industrial workers. The Board of Health passed the “Tenement-House Act” in 1867,...
Jacob Riis’ book How the Other Half Lives is a detailed description on the poor and the destitute in the inner realms of New York City. Riis tries to portray the living conditions through the ‘eyes’ of his camera. He sneaks up on the people flashes a picture and then tells the rest of the city how the ‘other half’ is living. As shocking as the truth was without seeing such poverty and horrible conditions with their own eyes or taking in the experience with all their senses it still seemed like a million miles away or even just a fairy tale.
New York City’s population is a little over 8.3 million people. 8.3 million people are spread out among five boroughs and each have their own set routine. Each one of those 8.3 million see New York in a different way becuase “You start building your private New York the first time you lay eyes on it” (“City Limits” 4). Some people are like Colson Whitehead who “was born here and thus ruined for anywhere else” (“City Limits” 3). Others may have “moved here a couple years ago for a job. Maybe [they] came here for school” (“City Limits” 3). Different reasons have brought these people together. They are grouped as New Yorkers, but many times, living in New York is their only bond. With on going changes and never ending commotion, it is hard to define New York and its inhabitants in simple terms.
In the Pulitzer prize-winning novel Evicted, sociologist Matthew Desmond follows eight families as he exposes how the lack of affordable housing perpetuates a state of poverty. He even goes so far as to assert that it is eviction that is a cause of poverty, not the other way around (Desmond 229). While this latter argument is as engrossing and it is striking, analyzing it with justice is simply not possible within the scope of this paper. Nevertheless, it is these two factors—inescapable poverty and eviction—that engender an unrelenting condition of financial, emotional, and communal instability, effectively hindering any chance of upward mobility.
The importance and job of each class fail to function optimally. The castles were rooted economically in the countryside which was intimately connected with the villagers. These villagers were the “social and economic units of rural Europe” (147) which illustrates the importance of the various classes in medieval Europe. Undermining the lower social classes will cause political and social upheaval as they collectively dominate the economic force in the feudal system. Few individual commoners mask the
The tenement is a building, which due to the immigration boom was modified by its landlord to create as many rooms as possible, therefore sacrificing the human necessities of air and light. Even if one did live past the age of five, it was highly probable he’d become a criminal, since virtually all of them originate from the tenements. They are forced to steal and murder, they’ll do anything to survive, Riis appropriately calls it the “survival of the unfittest”. (Pg. 40)
Marx states that the bourgeoisie not only took advantage of the proletariat through a horrible ratio of wages to labor, but also through other atrocities; he claims that it was common pract...
A main factor in the storyline is the way the writer portrays society's attitude to poverty in the 18th century. The poor people were treated tremendously different to higher classed people. A lot of people were even living on the streets. For example, "He picked his way through the hordes of homeless children who congregated at evening, like the starlings, to look for the most sheltered niche into which they could huddle for the night." The writer uses immense detail to help the reader visualise the scene. She also uses a simile to help the reader compare the circumstances in which the children are in. This shows that the poor children had to live on the streets and fend for themselves during the 18th century. Another example involves a brief description of the city in which the poor people lived in. This is "nor when he smelt the stench of open sewers and foraging pigs, and the manure of horses and mules" This gives a clear example of the state of the city. It is unclean and rancid and the writer includes this whilst keeping to her fictional storyline.
The book "How The Other Half Lives" written by Jacob Riis, sheds light on the living conditions in N.Y. city of the poor throughout the Progressive Era in tenement housing. Jacobs publication was meant to show the "other half" or "upper class" how bad it really was. Between 1869 and 1890, tenement housing almost tripled to 37,000 tenements in use. This over population was caused by the uproar of immigrants moving to America to start a new and better life, and almost all of the time starting at the bottom.
Gentrification is the keystone for the progression of the basic standards of living in urban environments. A prerequisite for the advancement of urban areas is an improvement of housing, dining, and general social services. One of the most revered and illustrious examples of gentrification in an urban setting is New York City. New York City’s gentrification projects are seen as a model for gentrification for not only America, but also the rest of the world. Gentrification in an urban setting is much more complex and has deeper ramifications than seen at face value. With changes in housing, modifications to the quality of life in the surrounding area must be considered as well. Constant lifestyle changes in a community can push out life-time
While the overall accumulation of wealth of the modern society is increasing, that increase in wealth is often absent in the lives of the working class. The enrichment and satisfaction we seek through the “natural urge” to work isn’t being fulfilled by the type of work we do anymore. The author associates the work of Marx with the works of Ricardo to further evidence the extreme yet valid views of Marx on capitalism and his theory of increasing misery. He quotes passages from their works to support his argument, and divides the article into four sections by exploring first the Ricardian-Marxian meaning of wages, the meaning of Marxian “subsistence”, some arguments supporting the absolute misery interpretation, and finally the noneconomic dimension of Marxian “misery”.
In this essay ‘poor’ shall be split into two separate definitions: vagrant and settled poor. Where vagrant poor are those who wander from parish to parish searching for work and settled poor are those who have a house. These two groups are quite distinct, as the settled poor vastly out numbers the vagrant poor and there lives were very different. As the settlement act and other acts, which shall be discussed, treated them differently, with the vagrant poor being shunned by society. This essay shall be finding out whether the lives of the poor changed for the best or simply stayed the same. The lives of the settled poor shall be examined in the first half of the essay and the vagrant poor in the later.