Sub-urbanization in America

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Sub-urbanization in America

AHousing is an outward expression of the inner human nature; no society can be understood apart from the residences of its members.@ That is a quote from the suburban historian Kenneth T. Jackson, from his magnificent piece on suburbanization Crabgrass Frontier. Suburbanization has been probably the most significant factor of change in U.S. cities over the last 50 years, and began 150 years ago. It represents Aa reliance upon the private automobile, upward mobility, the separation of the family into nuclear units, the widening division between work and leisure, and a tendency toward racial and economic exclusiveness.@ Overall it may represent the change in attitude of the American people.

Suburbanization has been occurring for the last 150 years in this country and in Europe, although the Europeans haven=t had the change that the United States has witnessed. The causes of change on such a larger scale can be pointed at four aspects of metropolitan areas also pointed out in Jackson=s work on suburbanization. The first on is that Americans have such low density residential areas, and often their is not a distinction between urban and rural. Our cities were laid out over space, with even New York City and Philadelphia not as densely populated as some cities in Europe. The next distinguishing factor is a want to own a home. At least two-thirds of all Americans own their own home, with rates less than half of that present in cities in Europe. Next, is the average length that American travel to work, also being much higher than in other countries. Finally, the last distinguishing factor is that social status and income correlate with suburbs, the further away from the central business district...

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... Detroit: Detroit Chamber of Commerce, 1999.

Darden, Joseph T. Detroit: Race and Uneven Development. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987.

Jackson, Kenneth T. Crabgrass Frontier. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Knox, Paul L. An Introduction to Urban Geography. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1994.

Mohl, Raymond A. The Making of Urban America. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1997.

Muller, Peter O. Contemporary Suburban America. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1981.

Sugrue, Thomas J. The Origins of the Urban Crisis. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Thomas, Scott G. The United States of Suburbia. Amherst: Prometheus Books, 1998.

Woodford, Arthur. Detroit, American Urban Renaissance. Tulsa: Continental Heritage, 1979.

Zunz, Olivier. The Changing Face of Inequality. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1982.

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