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Techniques of critical reading
Critical thinking skills in teaching reading comprehension
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I used to stutter. I used to stutter to the point where it was impossible for me to express all of the thoughts that raced vigorously my mind. I used to stutter in brief bursts that made my words incomprehensible and incited unusual stares from those I attempted to speak to. When I was younger, my quirk resulted in many obstacles that hindered me in day-to-day life. From speaking on the phone, to ordering in restaurants, to speaking in class, I had an extremely difficult time verbally communicating my ideas and thus, found myself often feeling frustrated and defeated. While I never allowed for my stutter to define me, it was crippling in that it diminished any motivation that I had when it came to reading and writing. My stutter not only hampered …show more content…
While my stutter gradually and eventually disappeared, my hostility towards those subjects did not. It was not until my sophomore year of high school, that my perspective shifted, and I slowly began to refine my skills as a critical reader and writer. At first, however, I had some difficulty. The class that I had taken that year primarily focused on the essays and presentations—my two biggest nightmares. In the past, I had always had trouble with essays. I found that my essays were always a jumble of words that moved in circles as a result of my inability to express and more importantly, condense all of the ideas that lived in my brain. What I could not say, I wrote, and my wordiness in my essays forced me to recognize the significance of finding a balance. The presentation aspect of the class, however, churned my stomach even more. How could I possibly get up in front of my peers and speak comprehensively and analytically, if I did not even have the ability to perform simple verbal tasks, like ordering lunch, in the past? Thus, the mere idea of this class left me apprehensive and …show more content…
This class, while seemingly trivial on it’s face, suddenly transformed into a real test of my ability to do what those around me took for granted--the ability to read, write, and speak. Essays were plentiful and therefore, I found myself coming in during my free periods and after school to seek guidance from my teacher. Little by little, I worked to fix the errors that restricted me from producing a meaningful essay, and was able to develop my own style. More importantly, I was able to find my own voice in writing. The true test, however, was yet to come, and I intent on doing whatever I could to do well on my presentations. When I was not in class, I kept myself busy by reading books out loud. I cannot even begin to recall the countless number of times that I recited excerpts from Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games in my bedroom. While I no longer had issues with stuttering, I was consistently told that I spoke too quickly. As a result, I practiced whenever I could, and fortunately, my efforts at home allowed me to hone in on my communication skills. My endeavors at home proved to be beneficial as I noticed throughout the year, that it became more and more easy to speak in front my classroom. Towards the end of the year, a strange sensation would overwhelm me every time I raised my
In the film, Transcending Stuttering: The Inside Story, produced by Schneider Speech, the viewer was brought into the lives of seven individuals with a stutter. These individuals described their experiences with stuttering and how they have transcended the obstacles they have been faced with throughout their lives. The viewer was also given the opportunity to understand the powerful reality of both the low and high points that can be accompanied by stuttering.
Stuttering affects the fluency of speech. Stuttering is characterized by disruptions in speech sound productions, also known as a disfluency. Mostly, stuttering has a significant effect on some daily activities. Though some people have disfluency deficits only in certain situations. Some people limit their participations in different everyday activities because they are often embarrassed or sad about their situation and are concerned about how other's will react to stuttering. In stuttered speech repetitions of words or also of parts of words are included. Prolongations of speech sounds may also occur. It is a characteristic of some people who
Stress can cause anyone to feel anxiety. Whether the anxiety is minimal or severe depends on each individual person. Under stress, it is common and acceptable for people’s voice to falter. Speakers under stress might tense the muscles used to produce speech, increasing their vocal pitch. That generally wouldn’t happen in a stress-less situation. Typically when under stress people talk more rapid. This occasionally causes them to stumble over words or get stuck on a syllable. More often than not, they tend to repeat words or phrases as they struggle to talk, present, etc. under the stress. Another common ‘symptom’ under stress is adding interjections, such as “like”, “uhm” and “uh” during speech. These are considered normal and acceptable dysfluencies. The simple task of saying colors in front of an audience was used as a study. They found that under stress, pressure, anxiety and whatever else is felt during public speaking, non-stutterers went from zero percent dysfluencies to four percent. On the other hand, those who normally stuttered went from one percent to nine percent dysfluencies. (Perkins) One interesting fact, is that stutterers are able to talk normally to babies, children, and animals. These audiences are nonthreatening and the speaker is at ease. It is also common for stutterers to talk aloud to themselves without or with very little
The odd thing about a lisp is that the speaker does not hear it himself. To him, his speech is just as normal as everyone else. It wasn’t until friends started comparing my speech to cartoon characters such as Sid the Sloth and Daffy Duck that I began to realize that I sounded different than everyone else. In a strange way, knowing that I had a lisp taught me a sense of determination that I feel one only learns when he knows he is facing adversity every time he opens his mouth to speak. Throughout high school, it was my mission not to let my lisp define me. Whether it was with a rapidly beating heart or a cold sweat trickling down my spine, I was determined not to shy away from public speaking or the often daunting task of speaking to anyone who was not a close friend. I was resolved though not to limit myself by the lack of self-confidence that my lisp instilled upon
Davis, S., Shisca, D., & Howell, P. (2007). Anxiety in speakers who persist and recover from stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders, 40, 398-417.
The art of writing is a complex and difficult process. Proper writing requires careful planning, revision, and proofreading. Throughout the past semester, the quality of my writing has evolved significantly. At first, I struggled with the separation of different types of paragraphs, and I found writing them laborious. Constant practice, however, has eliminated many of my original difficulties, and helped to inspire confidence in my skills. As a collegiate writer, my strength lies in my clear understanding of the fundamentals of writing, while my primary weakness is proofreading my own work.
Stuttering is a neurological disorder of communication, from which the normal flow of speech is disrupted by repetitions (neu-neu-neuro), prolongations (biiiii-ol-ooogy), or abnormal stoppages (no sound) of sounds and syllables. Rapid eye blinking, tremors of the lips and/or jaw, or other struggle behaviors of the face or upper body may accompany speech disruptions ((3)). Why does stuttering worsen in situations that involve speaking before a group of people or talking on the phone, whereas fluency of speech improves in situations such as whispering, acting, talking to pets, speaking alone, or singing ((1))? In ancient times, physicians believed that the stutterer's tongue was either too long or too short, too wet or too dry. Therefore, practitioners from the mid-1800s tried surgical remedies such as drilling holes into the skull or cutting pieces of the tongue out to eliminate stuttering (1).
‘I am going to fail’ was the very first thought that crept into my mind on that very first day of class. Before I stepped into the classroom on the first day, I felt pretty good about my writing. I had done previously well in English, and didn’t think this class would be much of a challenge. This all changed on the first day of school, when my professor talked about the level of reading and writing expected for this class. I remember thinking ‘I don’t read, why couldn’t I have been born someone who likes to read?!’ Since this moment on the very first day of class, I have grown immensely through hard work. In this essay, I will explain what I have learned over the course of this class about myself, and about writing.
For example one question was, “does it prevent me from doing ordinary things?” It’s a yes and no answer because I still walk, and run it does not prevent me from doing things physical things, but when it comes to talking it’s a little bit more difficult and I struggle more. Stuttering makes things more challenging which is alright but you have to work more on how you talk. “Why can’t you speak correctly?” That is another question that anyone can ask and the truth is that it is a disorder in our speech sound of word, we repeat some of the words. “How does it feel to stutter?” To me as a stutter person it affects emotionally because sometimes I rather be quite and prevent talking and embarrassing myself. It affects us because of the way we communicate, it is not easy but we try to make it fluently as possible. (Question
There are many studies investigating the causes of stuttering, however the etiology of stuttering still remains uncertain. According to these studies, genetic predispositions play an important role for the developmental stuttering.
During the course of this semester; the variety of writing styles and essays assigned to me in my communication skills class encouraged the development of my writing skills, as well as provided me with more self-assurance in my abilities. My writing, research, and presentation abilities enhanced through practice, determination, and the understanding I gained during this course. With every single writing assignment, I learned new innovative approaches and skills, which enhanced my abilities to improve my thoughts logically, enabling me to write more clearly, and to organize my papers more effectively. At the beginning of this semester; despite the fact that I already knew the terminology MAP: message, audience, purpose; I never really understood the significance of MAP. For this reason, my writing lacked clarity, organization, and my writings appeared less focused on the topics. As a result my research papers and essays did not flow as smoothly from one passage to the next. Furthermore, I was unaccustomed with the precise procedures used when writing an essay. For instance, my previous classes before college, although requiring a reference page, did not require me to include proper citations in my writings. After evaluating the quality of my writing toward the end of the semester, I recognized vast improvements in several areas of my writing. By concentrating on the beginning stages of my writings, I could distinguish ahead of time my audience and my message. As a result, my essays are clear, and I remain on topic. In addition to that using transition phrases efficiently also helps my writing to flow smoothly. The proper use of transitions makes my writings easy to follow from one topic to the next. I also learned that pre-writing...
This class has been significantly more difficult than any other English class I have taken all throughout high school. This semester, I have been introduced to different styles of writing that I have never been exposed to before. This class has been stressful, but also fun. With using all of the resources I have been given throughout the semester, I have been able to do my best to further my writing abilities and hopefully only continue to grow them as I finish my later years in college. Throughout this essay, I will discuss my failures, my successes, my overall performance in the class, and my skill development skills.
Over the course of the semester, I feel that I have grown as a writer in many ways. When I came into the class, there were skills I had that I already excelled at. During my time in class, I have come to improve on those skills even more. Before I took this class, I didn’t even realise what I was good at. This is the first class where I felt I received feedback on my writing that helped me to actually review my work to see what areas I lacked in and where I succeeded.
“My hands felt sweating, my heart was pounding faster than usual and I was very nervous to talk.” I’ve never been that nervous to speak then that day that I started stuttering at a gas station. I went to a gas station near Albizu University and I was getting ready to start stuttering but I got nervous all of a sudden. At that moment how people who stutter feels when they have to talk in public. I went inside the store and immediately looked at the cashier to see if he seemed like a nice person. I was nervous that he was going to be rude if I start stuttering which is probably a fear that people who stutter have, that people will treat them rudely for stuttering.
Over the period of time that I was in this course, I thought it would be a very simple and easy to finish class. But as time went on, I found myself to be demanded more of what I think, what I feel, what must be relied on my ability to understand the concepts and conventions of not only the essays, but of what goes on in the writers mind when writing.