CHAPTER III
This chapter consists of Reseach Design, Subject of the Study,Object of the Study, Technique of Collecting Data, Instrument oof Collecting Data, Method for Collecting Data, Data Analysis/
3.1 Reseach Design
In conducting this research, the writer uses experimental reseach. Experimental reseach is a method which used to find the effect of particular treatment to the other under controlled condition. (Sugiyono, 2013:107). The experimental study has some varieties of reseach design. In this study, the writer uses quasi experimental design. Quasi experimental design is one of types experimental study that has a control group but it can not used to control external variables that affect the implementation of the experiment (Sugiyono, 2013: 114). The experiment class will receive the treatment that is they will be taugt using picture series in writing news item text and controll class which consists will be taugh using conventional way. In quasi experiment, there are two design which used in quasi experimental reseach. They are time series design and non equivalent control group design. In this study, the writer use non equivalent design since experimental and control group are not choosen randomly. The following is the scheme (Sugiyono, 2013: 116 ):
E O1 X O2
C O3 O4
E= symbol of experiment group
C= symbol of control group
O1= pre-test of experiment group before treatmen
O2= post test of experiment group after treatmen
O3= pre test of control group before treatmen
O4= post tes of control group after treatmen
X= treatmen
3.2 Research Variables
Variable is everything which determined by the researcher to be studied in order to obtain the information about it and then be deducted (Sugiyono, 2013:61). In this research, th...
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...l groups will be given tha sam test, that is making the news item text during 30 minutes.
4. Treatment
The two group will get different treatment. The experimental group will be taught by using picture series as the treatmen to improve students’ ability in writing, whereas the control group will be taught by using conventional way or using text book.
5. Post-test
It will be given after treatment in order to measure the improvement of students ability in writing and know wether the treatment is success or failed.
6. Collecting and scoring the post-test
7. Analyzing the data
3.7 Analyzing the Data
After gathering data from post tes, the study will be analyzed and processed the data by using statistic computation through SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social science) program.
3.8 Scoring Technique
To score the test paper, the writer ses a scoring guidance
ln the study the research design being shown is the longitudinal design with the method of descriptive observation. Since they are observing the same group of people over a period of time.
Have you ever thought about the preparation and thought that goes into a research experiment? There are many things to consider when planning a study, such as the questions you are trying to answer, the variety of participants that will be studied, and the different variations in the experiment. An important part of the experiment that can have a significant impact on the results are the variables chosen. In doing this, the researcher can easily tell what factors have an effect on the topic under study.
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
First, all data have both an objective and a subjective component. Numbers can be easily assigned to all qualitative data (such as open-ended questions in surveys), and any number obtained by a quantitative study is interpreted using a subjective or qualitative judgment. Second, using differen...
The scientific findings needs to be used are the following, variable which is a logical set of attributes. The attributes is a characteristic or quality of something. For example, the attributes towards my study, would be the ages of both sex genders from college students and parent 's. Due to the fact, if there 's a chance of inheriting alcohol behavior to consume during the adolescence to young adulthood. "The implication of the level of measurement would be analyses require a minimum level of measurements and some variables can be treated as multiple level of
In the study, the independent variable, the variable to be manipulated, was the different emotion conditions of the experimenter, which was myself. I had to give three different emotion conditions, which are smile, neutral and frown. Moreover, the dependent variable, the variable to be measured, of the study was the degree of emotional response of the strangers that were approached. In addition, the study might include confounding variable, which are the cultural background of the strangers, and the mood of strangers of the time. The confounding variables should be controlled as they might affect the dependent variable. The operation of the experiment was I walk up to a stranger and put on different emotions on my face, and observe the response of the stranger.
Chapter Six, Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case-Control, is a synopsis of observational verses experimental approaches in epidemiology and research study designs. It is important to use data when conducting research. Without data there is no problem, therefore, a hypotheses or solution can be made. There needs to be a decision made if preexisting data should be used or if new data should be used for the research. Also, there should be a timing of data collection for the research.
The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies...
The study is usually described as an experiment with the independent variable being, the condition the participants are ...
In the following section, the data will be analyzed based on the theories discussed in this text thus
The first method to be discussed and analysed are experimental methods. There is a variety of experimental methods including; laboratory, field and natural experiments. These methods are the most scientific method due to them being highly objective and systematic. In addition, this method is regarded as the most powerful research method used in psychology because of the potential to investigate the causes of events and therefore, identifying the cause and effect relationship. When carrying out an experiment the researcher intervenes directly in the situation being investigated. The researcher manipulates an independent variable (IV) in order to investigate whether there is a change in the dependent variable (DV). Any other variables that could have an
Teaching in the read/write learning style is improves the learning experience for others especially for this specific learning style. The read/write learning style is a very common and useful form of learning that is taught in an educational platform because of the nature of the learning style. Therefore, knowing how to tailor one’s lectures to meet the needs of the students with the read/write learning style is a refreshing and revitalizing method in providing the information to those who are in a position to learn and encourages the information taught to remain intact and new in their brain. Furthermore, being aware of one’s learning style allows the individual to receive the information to be understood competently. Awareness of your individual learning style can provide it’s advantages along with its disadvantages. The advantages of this awareness are that the individual knows how to receive the information in a way that is best suited for their abilities. This can allow the individual to be more in sync with what methods and tools are necessary to enhance the learning experience. Then, the disadvantage of being aware of the one’s learning style exists when the individual is consumed with the mentality that the only way to adequately learn new material is through their specific learning
The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent (IVs) and dependent variables (DVs), experimental design, and, if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis plan. Research design is the framework that has been created to find answers to research
Two days a week in the morning, the children participate in a reading and writing block called “literacy and writing workshop.” The classroom is organized into five different levels with one group having one extra person; the levels are based on scoring of reading assessments. The groups are rotated so that each may spend 15 minutes cycles with either the teacher or Para-educator. The groups not with an instructor were to work on the “Daily-5” (explanation later) until their scheduled lesson. After the students finish their lesson, they are to fill the remainder of the workshop time working on “Daily-5.” This workshop is part of a regular routine. The students understand that after a reading a story with the teacher, they are verbally given a writing assignment. The assignment is usually to write a five sentence paragraph and color a picture related to the reading.
a. Sampling Design: which deals with the method of selecting items to be observed for researcher`s study.