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Crisis communication plan case study report
Key concepts public relations
Concepts of public relations
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Q1. Grunig and Repper (1992) proposed a model of strategic management of public relations. Sung (2004) commented that the model emphasizes Public relations has a significant role in the process of an organization’s strategic management by identifying stakeholders, publics, and issues around the consequences facing the organization.
Sung (2004) summarized the model can be divided into a three-stage process: the stakeholder stage, public stage, and issues stage. The first stage focuses on building and maintaining a good relationship between an organization and stakeholders, and followed by identifying and segmenting the public in managing conflicts at public stage. The last stage emphasizes the importance of issue management including the anticipation of issue and the response to issues from organizational perspective.
In the evaluation of strategic management of public relations, both concepts of risk communication and situational theory can be integrated into the above-mentioned model. Risk communication is an ongoing process that builds the foundation for crisis communication. Particularly, the risk analysis process consists of hazard identification, risk assessment, significance of risks and communicating risk information.
Case study: Vitasoy Lemon Tea product
Basically, the concepts of risk communication are partially aligned with the ideology of three-stage process of the model in terms of crisis communication and issue management. For instance, a Hong Kong famous beverages manufacturer, VITASOY, has raised public concerns of the taste deviation of Lemon Tea product in February 2014. In response to this crisis, VITASOY has published a media statement to the key stakeholders including customers, media and the retailers. ...
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...er, D. M. (1994). Issues management mediation of linkages between environmental complexity and management of the public relations function. Journal of Public Relations Research, 6, 163-184.
Starbucks (2014). Starbucks China Education Project. Retrieved from 3 May, 2014 http://www.starbucks.com.cn/en/responsibility/china-education.html Stoffels, J. (1994). Strategic issues management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sung, M.J. (2004). Toward a model of strategic management of public relations: scenario building from a public relations perspective.
(Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, United States). Retrieved from http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/2086/1/umi-umd-2053.pdf
VITASOY (2014, February 17). Media Statement - VITA Lemon Tea.
Retrieved from 2 May, 2014 http://www.vitasoy.com/pdf/pressRelease/EN/20140218020115Website_Statement_E20 140218.pdf
In an audit conducted with the global athletic apparel brand, Lululemon, it was found that multiple public relations theories could be applied to its communications with both internal and external publics. Two prominent theories found through analysis of the crises dealt with by the company were the agenda setting theory and the semiotics theory. As Lululemon has faced crisis in the media on multiple occasions, these theories suggest which public relations techniques worked, and alternatively which didn’t.
Risk communication is a primary tool for achieving understanding and cooperation from the public. Communication along with risk perception and behavior are a must for us to have an effective national security system. Risk communication can and is often used to reduce anxiety and panic in times of crisis to manage the awareness, in order to maintain commitment or to raise awareness when engagement is low (Akhgar, 2013). If the public paid more attention to effective risk communication our capability to respond, prepare and recover would be significant. The way that government communicates with the public has a big impact on the way that risk is perceived and the public’s behavior if there is effective communication. Communications are strongly and constantly mediated by the levels of public trust that is gained by the effective risk communications.
The discipline of public relations is a modern profession which has been in existence for only close to a century; however, it has already taken an important role in the fields of business, government, entertainment and non-profit organizations including educational institutions and healthcare organizations. Public relations professionals are required to have excellent organizational, interpersonal and communication skills and have the ability to persuade the public. It is imperative for PR professionals to effectively communicate with its public in order to establish and maintain a positive relationship. Furthermore, public relations professionals must have the ability to work under pressure and effectively manage crisis which may have detrimental effect on the company and the public it serves. State purpose of paper and an overview of what will be covered in the introduction
Ulmer, RR, Sellnow, TL & Seeger, MW 2007, Effective crisis communication, Thousand Oakes: Sage Publications.
In most cases a crises occurs at the most unexpected times. The crisis seems to take the organization by surprise and is usually reached due to a lack of a control and response system. This is apparent in the case study "There's a syringe in my Pepsi can!" Effective communication is the key to successful communication to the Pepsi crises. (Center, 2003)
The communication process is not something that begins when a crisis rears its ugly head rather it is a process that takes place in preparing for a crisis before it happens. While the term crisis represents a blanket term used to describe many situations, each situation is unique, thus presenting different obstacles to overcome. However, with a well-established advanced plan in place an organization places itself in a position to overcome and work around obstacles. The development of a comprehensive crisis management plan is one achieved through effective communication where each member of the crisis management team has an advanced shared understanding of his or her role and responsibility during a time of crisis (du Pr'e, 2005).
Managing a Crisis Using Public Relations Handling Public Relations for any organization can be very difficult. task in any circumstance - even in simple, non-crisis situations. When a crisis strikes, that's when PR managers really have their work. cut out for them to see. A PR manager must always be prepared for the inevitable crisis to happen because that is when their jobs are really tested by the public and the organization.
Crisis management encompasses responding to a negative event that has occurred unexpectedly. In this regard, crisis management requires decisions to be made in a relatively short time frame. In general, there are three elements of a crisis including a threat, surprise and a short time frame for decision making. Dealing with a crisis may be challenging and organizations are required to have a crisis management plan to enable them deal with the effects that unexpected negative events or situations may create. In particular, crisis communication is vital in reassuring the stakeholders and the public of their personal safety as well as the safety of their investment. A crisis can harm a good reputation of an organization and create panic among the public. This study seeks to give an insight into crisis communication and the role of social media in crisis communication.
As recent corporate events have made it clear, an organization’s reputation is of paramount importance to its success as well as survival. This is because the happenings leave the corporate credibility at stake while public mistrust spills over into investment markets. As such, there is a need to restore public faith. Reputation accounts for a large portion of a company’s market capitalization and is one of its most important long term assets. It impacts the organization in several ways including stock price as well as the ability to attract and retain customers and employees (Michael and Judy, 2008). Organizational reputation is seen in such factors as the quality of products and services it offers, earnings and business performance, level of integrity in business practices, stability and fairness as an employer, involvement in local communities as well as the degree of honesty and openness. However, with the increased distrust of corporate world, corporate credibility is of paramount importance. Companies today must realize that they are at the mercy of the public (external environment). There is growing realization of the need to foster a good reputation through development of positive relationships with the various components of the external environment. It is for this reason that reputation management has become an integral part of public relations in organizations. Is reputation management an adequate description of the role of public relations in contemporary organizations? This paper aims at analyzing the role of modern public relations with emphasis on its contribution to the achievement of marketing and other organization goals.
The main goal of PR is to affect individuals or groups to help organizations reach more successful by building relationships with them through organization’s activities. PR people’s functions and key tasks can be varied. In simple terms, the role of public relations in an organization is immense and wide scope and it can be divided into the following categories:
An Emergency Manager’s (EM) job is to deal with disaster and catastrophe and do so with the most effective and efficient manner of protecting against, responding to, and recovering from such incidents. When disaster response is warranted there are many challenges that are faced by the EM, one of those challenges is effective communication. The most thorough and understandable means of crisis communication to the broadest audience must be found, and then how this communication is received, interpreted, and comprehended by all parties involved with disaster response efforts (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2011). Emergency management has been defined by Haddow, Bullock, and Coppola as “a discipline that deals with risk and risk avoidance”, this
Public Relations or PR for short can help launch a new products sells and promotions or destroy it before a company can move it from the shelf. New companies and consumers tend to mistake Public Relations as advertising when in fact they are polar opposites. When a company advertises they pay to promote the products on TV, radio, or some type of media support. Public Relations, however the company may reap the benefits of the PR but not have to pay for it. Public Relations is defined in the following ways: “A form of communication directed at gaining public understanding and acceptance” (Learnthat, 1998-2004). “A promotion intended to create goodwill for a person or institution” (Wordnet, 2010). With all this said a company that has a good Public Relations team or person has a good chance of its product reaching the targeted market.
Entrepreneurs are innovators and have a purpose in what they do with their occupation to have an effect on lives. Their bright ideas help bring income to make a living off of the product. Public relations are a big asset to an entrepreneur because they create opportunities for them and others. Such as charities to help children and the elderly, also they get introduced to businesses and as well be the face of them for the companies. Overall, the entrepreneurs just want to be successful and have their hands on opportunities to make money. With this research found the purpose was to see how and what strategies did the entrepreneur’s used to actually get there are now today. The research is a guide to become a successful entrepreneur and set an example for our communities and especially home towns because most of the entrepreneurs mostly didn’t have anything growing up like families in poverty. So with the ambition and the mind to want better for yourself is what you have you to do in order to get what you want out to life such as a making a successful product, music groups, films and franchises. the Public Relations comes to mind in this manner because the image you can portray can be a good or bad and if you look bad you will have to fix yourself to be presentable to the audience. as far as a good image, turning a negative into a positive. Out of all the people in this world some one looks up to some individual in this world that inspires them to be what they are. Which leads to other opportunities growing up I was told to let my hobbies make my money so what all these entrepreneurs did was figure out how to get paid by doing what they love to do. But the research shows leadership and basically a guide for a young black man with b...
Public relations is everywhere today. It is a practice that has become an important aspect of any business venture. Whether an organization is not for profit, for profit, or governmental, they still need and desire to communicate their purpose within the community and public relations allows this to happen. There are several publics in which the PR practitioner must correspond with and each requires a different means of communication. Internal publics are inside the organizations such as clerks, managers, and stockholders. "External publics are those not directly connected to the organization: the press, government, educators, customers, suppliers, and the community" (Seitel, 2004). Each public plays a key role in the PR of the organization. The many functions of PR can also be categorized based on what purpose they serve the organization.
Educating the public and getting them to take preparatory actions to better protect themselves in the face of natural hazards has led to extensive study of risk communication by social scientists and disaster researchers over the past half-century (Quarantelli, 1991). Lindell et al (2006) describe the reason for risk communication as “to initiate and direct protective action” relative to a hazardous threat (Lindell et al, 2006, p. 84). Better understanding of why people take protective actions has led to better risk communication directed at preparedness measures. Research has identified key ingredients regarding the effectiveness of risk communication messages as well as conditions conducive to adoption of improved preparedness practices.