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Performance enhancing drugs and its effects on the athlete
Drug testing in high school athletes
Performance enhancing drugs and its effects on the athlete
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The problems of doping in sports began to surface in the late 1950's, because of rumors that coaches were allowing players to use performance-enhancing drugs. The 1956 Olympic Games where plagued with athletes using performance-enhancing drugs, so countries began to speak out against the harm that drugs were causing to the athletes and the sport (6 Anonymous). Long-term use of performance-enhancing drugs will destroy athlete's bodies.
Doping is the use of illegal substances that is harmful to athlete's health and is capable of enhancing performance. Doping also refers to the presence of drugs in the athlete's blood or urine. So, doping in other words is cheating and can be detrimental to the individual reputation and the sport. There are two types of doping blood and chemical. Blood doping is when drugs are placed into red blood cells, oxygen carriers, and related blood products to enhance an athlete's performance (1 Anonymous). Effects of blood doping include kidney damage, allergic reactions, and blood clots (1Anonymous). Chemical doping refers to attempts to change samples used in drug testing (1Anonymous). Despite the many risks the use of drugs among athletes is still prevalent.
The first drug test was taken at the Mexico Games in 1968. At these games the IOC(International Olympic Committee) developed a list of banned substances (7 Anonymous). This list included stimulants, beta-blockers, and anabolic steroids etc. Unfortunately, because of limited technology athletes learned how to get around the system. Athletes would substitute urine samples and some would stop using their drug in sufficient time so no trace of the drug would be in the blood before tests (7 Anonymous). But in 1983, drug testing was refined. The i...
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Oakley, Ray. Drugs, Society, & Human Behavior. C.V.Mosby Inc,St.Louis,1983
Nelson, Elizabeth A. Coping With Drugs and Sports. Rosen Publishing Inc, N.Y.C. 1995
Anonymous. Anti-Doping Policy. Play Clean. Aug.2000. 20 Aug 2000 <http:www.playclean.org/policy.html>
Clearinghouse. Steroids. Departmnet of Health & Addiction Services. May.2001.<htpp://www.ctclearinghouse.org>
Clearinghouse. Stimulants. Departmnet of Health & Addiction Services. May 2001.<htpp://www.ctclearinghouse.org>
Anonymous. What is Doping. Play Clean. Jan .2001. 10 Jan 2001. <htpp://www.playclean.org/doping.html>
Mathias, Robert. Steroid Prevention Program Scores With High School Athletes. NIDA. July 1997. Aug 1997. <htpp://www.nida.nih.gov/NIDA_Notes/NNVoll2N4/steroid.html>
Sahh, Eddie. Personal Interview. 26 April 2001
... was no more fame or fortune to be had in being connected to the enterprise, Frobisher accepted employment in the Queen's service.
Anne Moody has gone through such an exceptionally eventful life that she was able to transform it into a powerful book, "A Coming of Age in Mississippi." All of Anne's childhood not only prepared her for her involvement in the movement during the 1960's, but also kept her inspired and motivated. Anne Moody sees a lot of ups and downs, which causes her to have depressing set backs from time to time. As told through out the book, describing her first twenty-four-years, her uncertainty is justified, yet overall the book does tell a story of success, found not only in Anne's personal life but also in the country. By understanding that in order for the movement to be a success and for there to be hope in the future some drastic changes must occur in people's beliefs. At the end of "A Coming of Age in Mississippi" Anne sees changes, yet is unable to continue with her optimistic attitude that is first seen to be so intense and strong. The trivial changes that occur around Anne are easily gone unnoticed and she continues to doubt and speculate the hopefulness of the future
The conspirators were wrong to kill Julius Caesar because he contributed to the upturn and reformation of Rome into an orderly state. Caesar reformed Rome and prevented Rome from demolition. For instance, Caesar "reorganized the town governments in Italy, reformed the courts, planned to codify the law to improve administration. Besides that, Caesar brought peace and stability to Rome. Evidently, Caesar successfully stopped the civil wars in 45 BC. This allowed the Romans to live in harmony and collaborate on improving their country. It appears that Caesar's death marked an epoch in Roman history where civil wars were once again resurrected. Furthermore, Caesar introduced social and economic reforms. In his process of ameliorating Rome's social condition, the provinces became richer as the Roman businessmen were restricted from exploiting them. This is crucial because a country's capital is strongly related to the government's stability. Besides that, the poor were helped when he established a public works programme, which provided employment to them. Clearly, Caesar contributed significantly to preventing the destruction of Rome and therefore, he should not have been assassinated by the conspirators.
However, the issue of domestic violence was always a secondary issue and was not fully addressed.
Abstract: Since the beginning of sports competition, athletes have always looked for some kind of edge over their competitors. They will do whatever it takes to be one of the elite, and that includes injecting supplements into their bodies to make them bigger, stronger, and faster. Steroid use is probably one of the most common drug misuses in sports competition. Athletes found that with anabolic steroids, one could become a better athlete twice as fast. Not until 1975 was the drug first banned from Olympic competition because of the health risks it produced.
(Now, in 2011, those attitudes and beliefs have become imbedded into law and practice, particularly since the O.J. Simpson trial, and it is even more difficult to attempt a discussion on these issues. In an increasing number of occasions, the laws passed to control domestic violence have become a form of violence in themselves. However, the idea that at least occasionally these laws, and their enforcement, may be a source of social problems, rather than the solution, is ignored or shouted down.
A gold fever was arising. It was the talk of the country in the mid 1800’s. Worth about $1,000 per ounce today, gold meant great wealth in the 1840’s and 50’s. The news of gold findings in California soon spread worldwide. Many people were quick to react hearing that gold had been founded in California. California was a place of chaos during the gold rush of 1849. A plot of land that went for $15 in 1847, was later sold for $40,000 after the discovery of gold(Heinrichs, 23). Cities formed and California’s economy increasingly grew. A railroad was built which connected California to other states farther east in the United States because flocks of people continued migrating with the hopes of wealth. The gold rush drew much needed attention to California making it a crucial event to decisions about California in the future. The gold rush of 1849 resulted in the rapid growth of California ultimately leading to statehood and westward expansion.
The United States has a long history of domestic violence. Nearly six million American women will be battered by their spouses every year (United Way, 1998). Tradition gives men the right to control their family including their wife. Violence
The main themes of this argument are the political and social attitudes of the subject and how the trends of Domestic Violence and Abuse persuade communities and individuals to feel about the matter; also how different locations and situations have an impact on how and why Domestic Violence and Abuse occurs. Why men feel they cannot report their cases of Domestic Violence and abuse to the police, how this crime type is measured and the historical and cultural relativity to Domestic Violence and abuse. Other themes will include the economy and the views of the Criminal Justice System.
Throughout history, domestic violence has been prominent; Wife beating became an issue in 736 B.C, when men were beating their wives as a form of punishment. “Early settlers in America based their laws on an Old-English common-law that explicitly permits wife-beating for correctional purposes. The states tried to break away from that law by saying that the husband is only allowed to whip his wife with a switch no bigger than his thumb.” (icadvinc.com). In 1866 the first organizations made to help battered women was The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals and The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Children. Alabama was the first state to rescind the right to beat your wife in 1871, but Maryland was the first state to make a law that gave a punishment to any husband that beat their wife in 1882. In addition, in 1867 the state of Maine was one of the first states to open up a shelter for battered women. In the 1950’s women were able to rise up because of all the change that was going on with the civil rights movement, and anti-war campai...
In 1765, Granville Sharp helped a black slave called Jonathon Strong who had been abused by his owner and was going to be taken to Jamaica. Jonathon took the case to court and won and then fought for other slaves and stopped them from being sent back to the West Indies. He was also involved in other court cases, such as the case of the slave ship Zong.
Historically, domestic violence was viewed as only involving physical abuse. However, the more contemporary view of domestic violence has come to include not only physical types of abuse; but as well as emotional, sexual, physiological, and economic violence that may be committed
Apparently, domestic violence manifests in the social set up in a number of ways. One is through physical abuse, where physical force ...
...thlete under twenty-four hour surveillance is neither feasible nor lawful. Only when there are more accurate tests can the enforcement of drug rules and regulations be possible. As more sophisticated tests come to market, fewer drugs will escape detection. With the limited ability of current techniques to catch athletes red-handed, pressure must be put on the athletic community to reject doping. Until the athletic community refuses doping as a means to an end, little can be done to stop it from happening.
Doping rids the true athletes of what they truly deserve and is wrong; because why should those who put in a hundred per cent of their effort, be outshone by individuals who are choosing to use substances to enhance their physical and mental abilities? Doping damages the sports industry as a whole because it has a serious physical and mental effects on the athletes, as well as damaging the idea of sportsmanship and it also breaks the trust of the fans, as they realise their idols are hypocrites. Doping in sports dates back to the ancient Greek times (need ref here). There are anti-doping agencies worldwide in virtually every country. In Switzerland its anti-doping Switzerland, in Nigeria it’s the Nigerian national anti-doping committee and in the UK its UK anti-doping.