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The evolution of crime in society
Explain the reason why people commit crimes
Evolution of crime and punishment
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he/she will do whatever it takes in order to get what he/she wants with no remorse for others. This is very similar to a psychopaths tendencies, which focuses strictly on the pleasure principle of an individual. The ego is what makes a person check reality and think about how one could obtain the desired thing (Brown et al., 2017). Lastly, the super-ego is a person’s conscious, which regulates the moral decisions of a person. According to Freud one will commit deviant acts depending on his/her super-ego. If an individual has a weak super-ego, he/she will lack the ability of self-control; furthermore, he/she will succumb to the id’s initial response and commit criminal behaviour in order to satisfy the needs of the id (Brown et al., 2017). …show more content…
Psychologists have accurately depicted the reasons why a person will commit crime and has learned the major influential reason for this is because of demographics. The majority of people who commit criminal behaviour are the ones at the bottom of the societal gap (Katyal, 2002). Criminal behaviour is commonly a learned behaviour, which a person develops through interactions with other people (Brown et al., 2017). This is why demographics have such a large impact on a person. The impact the criminal justice system has when treating a deviant individual can either deter or reinforce a person’s criminal behaviour. People commit crime out of necessity of life and lack of the political left opportunity such as lack of jobs/education or the political right of needs for better parenting and stronger law enforcement (Katyal, 2002). A goal by the government has been created to prosecute more minor offences like vandalism in an attempt to deter gateway crimes for adolescents to not pursue a criminal career (Katyal, 2002). This however, would directly contradict Eysenck’s theory of learning through one’s environment. By arresting adolescents for minor crimes one would become more exposed to learning criminal behaviour through his/her environment in prison. Once an individual has become incarcerated and one is considered antisocial or a …show more content…
An immense amount of individuals who commit crime are under the influence of some sort of mind-altering substance (Morse, 2006). This however, does not indicate people commit crime because he/she is under the influence, but merely states when an individual commits crime while under the influence (Correctional Service Canada, 2015). Many individuals who suffer from addictions are often stigmatized of having weak moral character (Morse, 2006). There are 45% of inmates who have admitted to be using drugs and/or alcohol at the time of his/her offence and only 24% do not have some sort of problem with drugs and/or alcohol (Correctional Service Canada, 2015). This shows that 76% of incarcerated individuals have some sort of drug/alcohol problem. Research indicates there is a severe increase in the chance of crime when an individual has some sort of drug/alcohol addiction (Correctional Service Canada, 2015). After an individual is incarcerated, he/she has a much higher chance of recidivism then those who do not have a substance abuse problem (Phillips, 2010). This is common because once a person is released from custody he/she will go back to seeing his/her peers who do drugs/alcohol and he/she will fall in the same pattern that got him/her in prison to begin with (Philips, 2010). Drugs have been commonly used as a coping mechanism for people who have had rough lives. This factor as well as other
Within our society, there is a gleaming stigma against the drug addicted. We have been taught to believe that if someone uses drugs and commits a crime they should be locked away and shunned for their lifetime. Their past continues to haunt them, even if they have changed their old addictive ways. Everyone deserves a second chance at life, so why do we outcast someone who struggles with this horrible disease? Drug addiction and crime can destroy lives and rip apart families. Drug courts give individuals an opportunity to repair the wreckage of their past and mend what was once lost. Throughout this paper, I will demonstrate why drug courts are more beneficial to an addict than lengthy prison sentences.
The novel “High Price” by Dr. Carl Hart, discusses Dr. Harts personal story growing up around poverty, drugs, and turning his life around to better himself. The text states “The U.S. Justice Department’s Bureau of Justice Statistics examined the connections between drugs and crime in prisoners, analyzing data from 1997 to 2004. It found that only a third of state prisoners committed their crimes under the influence of drugs and only around the same proportion were addicted” (110). Drugs have proven time and time again to influence prisoners to do wrong, especially when they’ve become addicted to the drugs they’ve allowed their body to consume.
Id, ego, and super-ego. (n.d.). Id, ego, and super-ego. Retrieved November 15, 2013, from http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Id,_ego,_and_super-ego.html
High crime rates are an ongoing issue through the United States, however the motivation and the cause of crime has yet to be entirely identified. Ronald Akers would say that criminality is a behavior that is learned based on what an individual sees and observes others doing. When an individual commits a crime, he or she is acting on impulse based on actions that they have seen others engage in. Initially during childhood, individuals learn actions and behavior by watching and listening to others, and out of impulse they mimic the behavior that is observed. Theorist Ronald Akers extended Sutherland’s differential association theory with a modern viewpoint known as the social learning theory. The social learning theory states that individuals commit crime through their association with or exposure to others. According to Akers, people learn how to be offenders based on their observations around them and their association with peers. Theorist Akers states that for one, “people can become involved in crime through imitation—that is by modeling criminal conduct. Second, and most significant, Akers contended that definition and imitation are most instrumental in determining initial forays into crime” (Lilly, Cullen, and Ball 2011:57). Although Akers’ theory has been linked to juvenile delinquency in the past, it has also been tested as a possible cause of crime overall. Individuals learn from observation that criminal behavior is justifiable in certain circumstances. In connection with juvenile delinquency and crime, peers and intimate groups have the most effect on individuals when associated with criminal behavior. One is more likely to mimic the behavior of someone who they have close ties with, whether the behavior is justifiable or...
Substance abuse is a grim issue that affects the Canadian inmate population; it can be defined as overindulgence in or dependence on an addictive substance, especially alcohol or drugs. Within Canada, 80% of offenders entering the federal prison system are identified as having a substance abuse problem; this goes beyond mere indication of tougher drug legislation, it uncovers further discrepancy. Due to the immense majority of offenders affected by this complex mental illness, in addition to varied levels of individual cognitive ability. Consequently, conventional abstinence-based treatment methods may not benefit all offenders. Untreated, this dynamic risk factor precursor’s future offending, as a study reveals dependency on illegal drugs is the single most serious risk for repeated offending.
From the inception of the Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914, the social concept of drug addicts or those recovering from abuse as “criminal deviants” is still stigmatized today even though we have gained ground and won the war on dru...
Finding strong evidence surrounding this topic could be significant to reducing crime rates and addressing the public health issue. What I have learn from research-based evidence and analyzing social and cultural theories, is that criminal behavior is multifaceted and is influenced by a range of determinants in which surrounds the nature versus nurture debate. I believe that nature and nurture both play significant roles to the making of a criminal.
In today’s society, one will find that there are many different factors that go into the development of a criminal mind, and it is impossible to single out one particular cause of criminal behavior. Criminal behavior often stems from both biological and environmental factors. In many cases criminals share similar physical traits which the general population do not usually have. For example criminals have smaller brains than properly adjusted individuals. However biological reasons cannot solely be the cause of criminal behavior. Therefore, one must look to other sources as to how a criminal mind is developed. Social and environmental factors also are at fault for developing a person to the point at which they are lead to committing a criminal act. Often, someone who has committed a violent crime shows evidence of a poorly developed childhood, or the unsuitable current conditions in which the subject lives. In addition if one studies victimology which is the role that the victim plays in the crime, it is apparent that there are many different causes for criminal behavior. Through the examination of biological factors, in addition to the social and environmental factors which make up a criminal mind, one can conclude that a criminal often is born with traits common to those of criminals, it is the environment that exist around them that brings out the criminal within them to commit indecent acts of crime.
It is driven by the reality principle by attempting to rationalize the situation and act accordingly in order to achieve satisfaction while doing it in a socially acceptable manner. The ego is ‘like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse’ (Freud, 1923). For example, while out at a restaurant, Tom was thirsty but knew that the waiter would return to refill the water glass, so he waited until then to get a drink, even though he just really wanted to drink from Mrs. Smith’s glass. The super ego sits, omnipresent, at the top and acts as a moral compass for both the id and ego.
Drug abuse dates as far back as the Biblical era, so it is not a new phenomenon. “The emotional and social damage and the devastation linked to drugs and their use is immeasurable.” The ripple of subversive and detrimental consequences from alcoholism, drug addictions, and addictive behavior is appalling. Among the long list of effects is lost productivity, anxiety, depression, increased crime rate, probable incarceration, frequent illness, and premature death. The limitless consequences include the destruction to personal development, relationships, and families (Henderson 1-2). “Understandably, Americans consider drug abuse to be one of the most serious problems” in the fabric of society. And although “addiction is the result of voluntary drug use, addiction is no longer voluntary behavior, it’s uncontrollable behavior,” says Alan Leshner, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Torr 12-13).
In addition, when an individual has the potential to lose something that is important to them, they may question if engaging in criminal activity is worth it (Agnew, 2001). However, if an individual has nothing to lose, is poorly educated, and has no moral support, then they have a higher chance of participating in crime (Agnew, 2001). There are two main motivations as to why crimes occur; individuals are pressured into crime or they’re tempted with a reward of some sort (Reckless, 1961). In some circumstances, parents unintentionally teach their children to engage in crime as well as being taught beliefs that support
Substance abuse is an issue that plays a major social problem in society, the effect of drugs on families and communities is destructive. This paper will discuss evidence showing how substance abuse is a specific social problem that is widespread, and is affecting every level of our judicial system. Many people turn to drugs for many different reasons, they will try just about anything to relieve the pain. In our society today many people go through devastating experiences in their life. Furthermore people turn to drugs to mask the horrible memories and find relief. Drugs can temporarily relieve the symptoms of angry, loneliness or boredom, but it may be a temporary fix to an individual problems. They may
Criminals are born not made is the discussion of this essay, it will explore the theories that attempt to explain criminal behaviour. Psychologists have come up with various theories and reasons as to why individuals commit crimes. These theories represent part of the classic psychological debate, nature versus nurture. Are individuals predisposed to becoming a criminal or are they made through their environment.
Different schools of thought propose varying theoretical models of criminality. It is agreeable that criminal behaviour is deep rooted in societies and screams for attention. Biological, Social ecological and psychological model theories are key to helping researchers gain deeper comprehension of criminal behaviour and ways to avert them before they become a menace to society. All these theories put forward a multitude of factors on the outlooks on crime. All these theories have valid relevancy to continuous research on criminal behaviour.
...e or feelings of guilt or inferiority the superego will take on the role of the parents. It is the super ego that inner restraints on upon lawlessness and disorderly, thus enabling a person to become a law abiding member of society.