Mushrooms is unique creature in the living world cannot be classified neither plant nor animal. It has become one of human food sources. There has been recent finding of interest in mushroom not only as a health vegetable which rich in protein but it also important as sources of biologically active compound of medical value. Based on Ooi & Liu (2000) schizophyllan from S. commune and lentinan, an interferon-stimulating polysaccharide produced by L. edodes are products that have been isolated from mushroom to make anti-cancer drugs. Nowadays, mushroom cultivation has become one of agronomic generating activity which can be applied to the small industry farmer. Therefore in order to cultivated the mushroom there are several steps known as preparing medium culture, spawn preparation, medium substrate preparation, spawning, spawn running, fructification and harvesting (refer to the Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
The first steps in mushroom cultivation are preparation of culture media. Mushroom mycelium needs nutrition to grow. Agar (seaweed) contains almost no nutrition, but acts as a gelling agent when mixed with water, so that the mycelium has a flat, solid surface to grow. A combination of agar, water, and nutritional substance gives a satisfactory method for growing out healthy mycelium (Ogden & Prowse, 2004). The mycelium grows on the surface of the medium will later be used to inoculate larger amounts of substrates like grain. Test tubes or Petri dishes used as culture containers. Young and vigorous mycelium obtained from a young fruiting body of a mushroom. The mycelium should be white and grow out from the tissue. If yellow, blue, green, or grey mycelia form on other places on the surface, then these are fungal contaminants. A cre...
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Ogden, A. & Prowse, K. (2004). How to make oyster mushroom grain spawn in a simple way. In R. Gush (Ed.), Mushroom growers’ handbook 1 (pp. 62-74). Seoul, Korea: Mush World. Retrieved from http://www.fungifun.org/mushworld/Oyster-Mushroom-Cultivation/mushroom-growers-handbook-1-mushworld-com-chapter-4-1.pdf
Ooi, V. E.C, & Liu, F. (2000). Immunomodulation and anti-cancer activity of polysaccharide-protein complexes. Current medicinal chemistry, 7(7), 715-729. Retrieved from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cmc/2000/00000007/00000007/art00004
Shah, Z. A., Ashraf, M., & Ishtiaq, C. M. (2004). Comparative study on cultivation and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on different substrates (wheat straw, leaves, sawdust). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 3(3), 158-160.
Sordaria fimicola belongs to the kingdom of fungi and is part of the phylum Ascosmycota. This fungus habitat is in the feces of herbivores. As many fungi Sordaria have one life cycles which is haploid/ diploid. It is commonly exits as a haploid organism, but when the mycelium from two individuals meets, the result is a diploid zygote. This diploid zygote which undergoes meiosis forms eight haploid ascospores . The ability of Sordaria to make 8 haploid ascospores is what makes it unique and important for the laboratory exercise done in lab.
Although, this experiment is not concluded outdoors, it is provided with efficient light that promotes growth. It’s provided with soil, seed, fertilizer, water and NaCl solutions, to test how salinity effects plant growth.
All over this planet from the ocean floor to the forests and jungles some form of Fungi can be present. Though they can be found in many different forms such as mold yeast, the most commonly known is the Mushroom. Found in the wild on dead plant and animal matter, the mushroom is nothing more then the fruit of a fungus spore and can be a nutrisous food. There is a specific Genus of these Fungi that have a unique chemical inside of them. Psilocybin or its chemical name Dihydrogen Phospate is a naturally occuring compound with strong Psychoactive properties.
The next day, 100 µL of an overnight culture of Salmonella growth will be transfer onto the center of a Petri plate containing tryptic soy agar where taken out from refrigerator. Sprea...
In wild type culture of C-ferns, it is expected that there will be a high concentration of antheridiogen since the hermaphrodites are producing antheridiogen. The greater the population density of C-ferns, the higher the concentration of antheridiogen; hence a high percentage of male gametophytes in the wild type cultures.
The fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum over winters as sclerotia either in the soil or in stubble at the soil surface (Morton and Hall, 1989). If the weather (moisture and temperature) is favorable, small mushroom-like structures called apothecia will be produced on the sclerotia. Each sclerotia can several apothecia. Apothecia can produce millions of spores called ascospores. Ascospores will be released in air when the apothecia is mature. Some ascospores land on canola plants and infect dead canola tissues like fal...
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms which are either single-celled or multi-cellular organisms, their DNA containing chromosomes are enclosed in a Nucleus inside their cells. Fungi cell structure is very similar to that of the plants however, Fungi do not perform photosynthesis. Fungi is often known to be a nuisance when found within a person’s house, whether on food, the walls or even the floor. People naturally find it disturbing and dirty, however there are good types of Fungi, often referred to as friendly fungi. In 1928 Penicillin, one of the most famous of antibiotic drugs was discovered having derived it from the fungi called Penicillium. This discovery has since has a huge impact on helping people across the globe. However, not all is it seems, there are some nasty fungi that can cause diseases in plants, animals and people. A famous one being Phytophthora infestans. This ...
C. immitis is non-fastidious growing on a variety of culture media including brain-heart infusion agar, potato-dextrose agar, Sabourand-dextrose agar and blood agar. (3) Culture to induce mycelial growth is best at 28-30oC typically taking 2-3 weeks with growth detectable within 5 days. (3, 6, 7) The colony is initially white and glabrous, quickly becoming floccose resembling angel hair (see picture 1) and turning brown as it ages. (3, 6) Microscopically the culture shows single celled barrel-shaped alternate arthroconidia (see picture 2) separated from each other by a disjunctor cell.(6, 8) Conversion to the yeast / spherule form re...
Janick. J. (2011). Center for New Crops & Plant Products - Department of Horticulture and
“Fermentation occurs in fruits, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, as well as in mammalian muscle”(Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx) . “Yeasts were discovered to have connection with fermentation as observed by the French chemist, Louis Pasteur” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “Pasteur originally defined fermentation as respiration without air” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “However, fermentation does not have to always occur in anaerobic condition” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “Yeasts still prefer to undergo fermentation to process organic compounds and generate ATP even in the presence of oxygen” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “However, in mammalian muscles, they turn from oxidative phosphorylation (of cellular respiration) to fermentation when oxygen supply becomes limited, especially during a strenuous activity such as intensive exercising” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx).
If I was to do this experiment again I might use a Fungi amylase to
Woese, K., Lange, D., Boess, C., & Werner Bogl, K. (1999). A comparison of organically and conventionally grown foods-results of a review of the relevant literature. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 74(3), 281-293. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.er.lib.k-state.edu/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199707)74:3<281::AID-JSFA794>3.0.CO;2-Z/pdf
Reshetnikov S., Wasser S., Duckman I., & Tsukor K. (2000). Medicinal value of the genus Tremella Pers. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2 (3): 345–67
c. culturing can be done the check the availability of microorganism which have an important role in decomposition of organic fertilizer
1443 - 1460. Keener, K., Hoban, T. and Balasubramanian, R. 2014. Biotechnology and its applications. [online] Available at: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/foodsci/ext/pubs/bioapp.html [Accessed: 11 Apr 2014].