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The relationship between culture and behavior
Role of culture in social behavior
The relationship between culture and behavior
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Stella Ting-Toomey’s face negotiation theory explains cultural differences in conflict and conflict resolution by explaining individualistic and collectivistic cultures, methods of conflict resolution, and high and low contexts. Individualistic cultures, like the United States, are focused more on themselves as an individual; they are focused more on what keeps them on top. They are self-image dependent which leads to face concern self, other, and mutual face restoration. Individualistic culture is often found more in men than in women because men are taught from a young age that they need to be the alpha. While Individualistic cultures are concerned about themselves, a collectivistic culture is quite the opposite. A collectivistic culture,
Annie [played by Aileen Quinn] is a story written by Martin Charnin about a little girl who was left for the doorstep of an orphanage when she was extremely little and goes on to live a miserable life of working at the orphanage. Until one day a person named Grace Farrel [played by Ann Reinking] came along and invited one orphan to stay with her and Oliver Warbucks [played by Albert Finney]. During Annie’s stay Mr. Warbucks realizes how much he likes Annie and wants her to stay. In a way to tell her he gives her a new locket. Without knowing, Annie doesn't accept the locket in result of her own was given to her by her parents before she had been given up. With this knowledge a search is sent out with a reward of $50,000. With
Jim and Marian Jordan, better known as Fibber McGee and Molly were two very important people of their time as well as two very important people to broadcasting as a whole. The impact made on America by the couple was great. The Fibber McGee and Molly show, as well as other shows that the couple were featured on, amused numbers of people throughout the country and influenced many more.
"If the Freedom Democratic Party is not seated now, I question American. Is this America, the land of the free and the home of the brave, where we have to sleep with our telephones off of the hook because of our lives be threatened daily, because we want to live as decent human beings in America?" Fannie Lou Hammer before the Democratic National Convention, 1964. Fannie Lou Hamer is best known for her involvement in the Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC). The SNCC was at the head of the American voter registration drives of the 1960's. Hamer was a spokeswoman for the Mississippi Freedom Party (MFDP), which ultimately succeeded in electing many blacks to national office in the state of Mississippi. Through her work with the SNCC and her part in the MFDP Hamer has had a large impact in America's History.
In Edith Wharton’s powerful work Ethan Frome, she introduces two leading female characters and instantly creates a comparison of the two within the reader’s eyes. This, not coincidentally, is the same comparison the protagonist Ethan constantly faces and struggles with throughout the novel. On one hand, Zenobia, commonly called Zeena, Frome has been a long-standing part of Ethan’s life. Years of marriage, although not always happy, combined with her always declining health, cause Ethan to feel indebted and sympathetic towards her. While, on the other, Mattie Silver, a relative of Zeena walks into the life of the Frome’s, and with her brings a new feeling of life and vitality to which Ethan has never experienced before. Her appearance in his life sparks feeling of passion, which in turn leads to an awkward tension created in the household where Ethan, Zeena, and Mattie all reside. The foiling actions and characteristics of these two women underlie the main struggle within Ethan throughout the novel.
Ella Josephine Baker was born in Virginia, and at the age of seven Ella Baker moved with her family to Littleton, South Carolina, where they settled on her grandparent's farmland her grandparents had worked as slaves. Ella Baker's early life was steeped in Southern black culture. Her most vivid childhood memories were of the strong traditions of self-help, mutual cooperation, and sharing of economic resources that encompassed her entire community. Because there was no local secondary school, in 1918, when Ella was fifteen years old, her parents sent her to Shaw boarding school in Raleigh, the high school academy of Shaw University. Ella excelled academically at Shaw, graduating as valedictorian of her college class from Shaw University in Raleigh in 1927.
Today, not many Americans will recognize the name Nellie Bly when heard, but things were much different 100 years ago. It would have been very difficult to find any American that had not heard of the famous Nellie Bly. Nellie Bly burst on the scene at the turn of the century when journalism was considered only a man's world. Nellie Bly helped to launch a new kind of investigative journalism into the world.
A culture’s tendency to be individualistic or collectivistic can be found at the root of
John, W. Berry, Ype H. Poortinga, Marshall, H. Segall, Pierre R. Dasen (2002). Cross- Cultural Psychology: Research and applications (2nd ed.) United States of America, New York.
One noticeable cultural difference between the society pictured in this chapter and our American society seems to be a collectivist ideology. In America we value the individual and place emphasis on distinction from the group. This causes a strong sense of competition, and leads people to take actions that would benefit themselves in spite of negative effects that may trickle to other members of the community. The culture pictured in our reading, however, seems to place greater value on family and community goals rather than the needs or wants of specific individuals.
Understanding clients` needs, ability to empathize and connect, to provide individual counselling, and to choose the most appropriate avenue for resolving clients` problems, involves a high degree of cultural competence. Cultural competence is important in every profession, but it is especially important in law because “Culture is key to how we experience, and how we respond to conflict.” The cultural background of the parties directly influences preference of the process, strategy and tactics utilized, and the desired outcome. Meta-analysis and an empirical evidence available in Social Sciences supports the position that the cultural background of the parties is one of the major factors that influences behaviour during the dispute. For example, according to the studies in Social Psychology, the differences arise from the values that the particular society holds. For example, in Western cultures, people are viewed as autonomous individuals who are responsible for their actions. However, Eastern societies are known for their Interdependence. In this instance, Independent cultures are oriented towards the self, and Interdependent cultures are oriented towards one`s social group. In Independent cultures an individual is concentrating on himself/herself, therefore their ties with their group members are somewhat weak. Interdependent cultures, on the other hand, are the cultures where an individual is part of a group and the group serves to aid the group member at various stages of his/her life. Independent societies emphasize the importance of the self and goals directed toward oneself, whereas, Interdependent societies stress the importance of others and the goals serve to benefit
In the world of communication, there are many theories which describe different ways people communicate. According to Doctor Thomas Hanitzsch, an associate professor of communication at the University of Munich in Germany, “Communication Theory is an international forum publishing high quality, original research into the theoretical development of communication from across a wide array of disciplines” (“Communication Theory”). A specific communication theory that will be highlighted is the Face-Negotiation theory developed by Stella Ting-Toomey. Simply stated, Dr. Ting-Toomey suggests that conflict is a consequence of identity management on an individual and cultural level, and occurs when an individual or group’s face is threatened. Similarly, people from individualistic, low context cultures interact differently from collectivist, high context cultures. This means that “people from collectivistic cultures with an interdependent self-image are concerned with giving ‘other-face’ or ‘mutual face,’ so they adopt a conflict style of ‘avoiding or integrating’” (Griffin “List”). Likewise, “people from individualistic cultures with an independent self-image are concerned with protecting self-face, so they adopt a conflict style of ‘dominating’” (Griffin “List”).
This paper discusses a cross-cultural conflict scenario in which a mediator must apply the appropriate skills to resolve the conflict. In order to resolve these types of conflicts mediators must apply a non-bias approach to the conflict because the mediator must perceive and identify the cultural differences in order to appropriately resolve the conflict. The mediator must facilitate communication, and they must invoke trust with the disputants for successful cross-cultural conflict resolution.
Ella Enchanted Once upon a time there was a girl named Ella. Enchanted. She is so beautiful. Her mother died so she moved with her stepmother and step sisters and her 1 real sister. One day, her fairy godmother gave her a gift.
This approach directly addresses the conflict and is often viewed as “might makes right” (Robin, 2002). A confrontational style usually involves high emotional levels, clear clarity of goals, weak relationship, and low concern for formalities or fear of punishment, moderate concerns for traditions, and a moderate self-concept.
Some cultures encourage individualism while other cultures encourage collectivism. In most collectivist cultures, people are interdependent within their group, whether it involves family, tribe, or nation (Suh ...