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Stanislavsky was born in 1863, in Russia; by birth he was named Konstanin sergeevch. Throughout life he saw social and scientific changes as centuries developed. During his life he witnessed three great revolutions: realism’s overturn of nineteenth-century histrionics, modernisms rejection of realism and Russia’s political move to communism from the monarchy. The realism’s overturn of the nineteenth-century histrionics and the modernism rejection of realism really shaped his career, making him world famous and the last stripped him of his wealth and left him more focused on political forces as opposed to theatre.
He was born into a wealthy family, giving him a privileged youth. This allowed him to follow theatre as they could afford to build
Stanisvalski a theatre at the family estate in 1877. He used this wealth to further his talents as an actor/ director, financing most of his experiments. In 1888 he founded the critically acclaimed theatre enterprise, the society of Art and literature and in 1912 he started his first studio to develop his system for actor training. Until aged 33, Stanislvlaski only performed and directed as an amateur, as actors were regarded as lower-class citizens. His family discouraged his aspirations to turn his acting career professional as it threatened social embarrassment. This led to him beginning acting in 1884 without his family knowing, under the stage name Stanislvasky. The playwright and theatre educator Danchenko hired Stanisvalsky as his co-director to reconstruct theatre's plays. Their first meeting was eighteen hours long, creating their company bringing latest European ideas realism to Russia, and new acting standards to the world. The Seagull created a link between his name and theatre. His themes weren’t excepted so he setup his own studios so that he could control and he still practiced his theatrical studies. During the Civil war Stanislavsky lost his fortunes and his family’s possessions, so he sold his things to survive. He lived the last four years of his life alone to maintain his public image.
by singing and acting around the house which led him to act in many school
Harold Clurman was born in New York to Jewish immigrant parents in 1901. At six years old, he attended a production at the Yiddish Theatre. Though he neither spoke nor understood Yiddish, the experience had a transformative effect on him. He immediately had a passion for the theatre. At age twenty, Clurman was living and studying theatre in France. It was there he saw the Moscow Art Theatre and learned of Stanislavski’s teachings on realism. Clurman came back to New York in 1924, and began work as an actor, but he was disappointed in the kind of theatre produced.
Russia in the 1930s By 1928, Stalin had ousted Trotsky and the rest of the Left opposition. In four years, Stalin had single handedly taken major steps away from Lenin’s collective leadership and free inter-party debate and replaced them with his autocratic dictatorship. Stalin began to secure predominant power over the communist party and the state by destroying passive opposition from the peasantry and former Lenin supporters. He won growing support from the working class, who were impressed with the initial five-year plan. It promised increased industrialization, which would lead to socialism in one country within their lifetime.
Enlightened absolutism is a form of absolute monarchy inspired by the Enlightenment. During the 18th century, the Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that spread across Europe and beyond. The thinkers of the Enlightenment, known as philosophes, introduced ideas from the advances in science to change the way that people thought about government and society. Philosophes wanted to replace superstition, tyranny, and injustice with reason, tolerance, and legal equality. Many rulers in Europe and Russia used certain ideals of enlightened absolutism to govern their people and state. Although rulers agreed to some aspects of the ideals they were not true believers of the reforms. To maintain their power, they convinced society that they were
Fay, Laurel E. ‘Shostakovich vs. Volkov: whose Testimony?’ The Russian Review (October 1980), pp. 484-93.
Chekhov is part of a non-typical category of artists, because he did not believe in his genius, on the contrary, there is evidence that he believed that his work will not conquer time and posterity. Spectacular, just like Russia at the border between the 19th and 20th century, Chekhov was born the son of serfs in 1860 ( Tsar Alexander will abolish serfdom in 1861) only to become a landlord 32 years later, and a neighbor of Prince Shakovskoi. He bought the Melikhovo estate (unconsciously imitating Tolstoy, the patriarch of Iasnaia Polyana), not far from Moscow, with 13 thousand rubles of which he has paid an advance of five thousand. Chekhov is the true precursor of the theater of the absurd.
theatre at the age of 18 and by the time he left the Royal Court
By the time Vygotsky turned 18, he wrote and published his first essay entitled “Hamlet”. Although he had a love for philosophy, history, and literature, in 1913 Vygotsky enrolled at the University of Moscow as a medical student. It didn’t take long for him to realize the medical field wasn’t his calling, so he transferred to the School of Law. While attending law school, Vygotsky also enrolled in Shaniavsky University to pursue a degree in history and philosophy, which he remained so passionate about. Four years later in 1917, Vygotsky graduated from Moscow University and landed a job as a literature teacher at one of the local secondary schools in Gomel, Russia.
He was born in Athens into a very wealthy family and as a young man
Russia culture is very different from any other culture that I have ever read about. This is a country that is dominated by males. Males actually run the county of Russia. The men are so dominated that every Russian women dream is to be married and have a family with these men. Russia is known for its poor society. In the book Sakharov he mentions how he moved from one place to another. He first was in Moscow’s larger apartments with his family. In this apartment there were six families. With thin the six families they had to share the kitchen and the bathroom. Then he states that he moved into a very old house and in this old house there was a leaking ceiling. With in this house there were still six families that shared everything. (Sakharov 24-25)
The love for theatre that King Charles brought back with him from his exile brought reflexivity to who was in the audience. Charles funded many stage productions and the presence of royalty brought a certain amount of prestige to the playwrights and actors and actresses performing at the time. To attend the theatre was a venue for social mingling and self-exploration and expression for women ...
Chekhov relies on several devices to proclaim to his audience that the changes taking place are not merely personal for the profligate Gayev family, but are part of an inevitable social evolution. Through these devices, Chekh...
The name most associated with excellence in theatre is William Shakespeare. His plays, more than any other playwright, resonate through the ages. It may be safe to say that he has influenced more actors, directors, and playwrights than any thespian in the history of the stage. But what were his influences? During the Middle Ages theatre was dominated by morality, miracle, and mystery plays that were often staged by the church as a means to teach the illiterate masses about Christianity. It wasn’t until the early sixteenth century that Greek tragedy experienced a revival, in turn, inspiring a generation of renaissance playwrights.
Anton Chekhov was born on January 17, 1860, in Taganrog, Russia. He was the grandson of a Russian serf, and his father had to escape creditors by sneaking off to Moscow. This abandonment by his father, and soon his whole family, though temporary, robbed Chekhov of a childhood (Kirk 17-18). He was often heard saying, “ In childhood I had no childhood” (Kirk 34). Anton, who was sixteen at the time, spent the next three years in a house that no longer belonged to his family, trying to make a living by doing odd jobs and tutoring. Though Chekhov was initiated into poverty and humiliation early in life, there were lighter moments in his youth, and in those moments he used to entertain his friends. This ability to see the comic in life was probably the source of a writer whose tragic sense of life was always tempered by simultaneous awareness of the ridiculous (Kirk 18).