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Similarities and differences between judaism, christianity, islam
Similarities and differences between judaism, christianity, islam
Similarities and differences between judaism, christianity, islam
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Document 8.1 Muhammad, Quran
1. The Qur’an focuses on two principles: “’There is no god but God (Allah),’” and “’Muhammad is the messenger, or prophet, of Allah.’” In this way, it differs from Christianity since it rejects the idea of trinitarianism and Muhammad was believed to be strictly mortal; however, the Qur’an does have mention of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, as is shown in the Christian and Jewish faith. Moreover, the Qur’an’s message is essentially an origin story as well as a code of conduct, which is exhibited in the Bible as well. There is a present emphasis on the treatment of others and the abandonment of false gods.
2. There is a huge social emphasis on practicing Islam faithfully, no matter one’s social standing. A God-fearing and obeying man has the “easy” path to happiness. Women have strict social codes to follow
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and few rights compared to that of men, who can have multiple wives or divorce. The Qur’an emphasizes on the proper treatment of orphans and those below one’s social standing, as well. Document 8.3 Orations: Speeches of the Prophet 1. Muhammad unifies his people through the idea of “Shariah,” or Islamic law, and there was no such thing as separation from religion and state. He also discusses him friend Abu Bakr who is to be cherished and loved and establishes overall guidelines for how they are to act and treat one another. 2. To comfort his followers, he explains that he can either live on earth and enjoy its pleasure, or be in the presence of God for eternity, which is the ultimate treasure. Muhammad also explains that no prophet before him could live forever, so why should he? He emphasizes that everyone must take the journey to be with God, so one must not fear what is to come, especially not for him. 3. Muhammad wants the people to remember him as simply human. Humans make mistakes and sin, and he want to be viewed just the same. He admits that if he has by any way wronged someone, they may retaliate just as they would with any other man. It almost seems as if he is humbling himself before his death. Document 8.4 Islam after Muhammad 1.
The Helpers claimed that Muhammad came to them privately and bequeathed authority unto them, and asked the helpers to relay the message to all others since not everyone could hear him speak. Meanwhile, the Emigrants are said to be Muhammad’s closest friends and questioned why leadership should not be with them. Thus, the nature of the split was the dispute of authority.
2. Abu Bakr expressed that the Emigrants were the first to follow and believe in the Prophet and were his closest companions, and so their authority should not be questioned. Then, he addresses the Helpers as faithful people who also hold great standing alongside the Emigrants, and expresses that no decisions are going to be made without concerning them as well. It was this speech that led the two groups to see he held the highest authority and the claim fell to Abu Bakr.
3. Abu Bakr states that he is not the best among them and that he still has limitations. He praises God and asks for guidance and assistance. Then, he states that if he disobeys God, then his people owe him no obedience.
Document 8.7 Islamic Science and
Mathematics 1. Mathematics has no standing in comparison to religion, even though it is neither good nor bad for it. The argument is that if one focuses on mathematics, one tends to make the decision to denounce religion, which is against Islamic values. 2. According to Al-Ghazzali, religion and math do not have to be separate. Since the moon and sun are signs of God, they are thus holy; however, they are also astronomical calculations and being religious does not take that away. Document 9.2 Song China: Imperial Exam System 1. When taking the Imperial Chinese Examination, many men study hard in the hopes of doing well and achieving high status. Some merits include receiving a high ranking and being secured in that occupation. On the other hand, some might consider this a demerit if they were stuck in a job that was lower and one wished to move.
In 610 CE, Muhammad, a merchant trader from Mecca (Mecca is also a site of a yearly pilgrimage where Muslims come to perform a rituals at the sacred Ka’ba a.k.a. the holy shrine of Mecca), made one of his frequent visits to a cave by Mount Hira. On his way to the cave, he decided to pray because of all the different causes that made him feel like he was losing his way. During this visit to Mount Hira, the Archangel Gabriel squeezed Muhammad hard forcing the words “Allah is one God” continuously coming out of his mouth. After having these words come out of his mouth for about two years, Muhammad decided that it was the time to encourage others to quote
Islam is a very large and influential religion, it all originated from one man named Muhammad spreading his beliefs to the people of Mecca, and now it has become the second largest religion in the world. How did this come to be? How did a religion that started with one man spread so quickly? methods , purposeful or not, were used. There are a few methods that appeared to be most effective, and those methods can be classified under two categories. Islam expanded from forceful ways such as government laws and military conquest, and from peaceful ways like the religion being a reasonable jump for other religions and Islam being an easily acceptable religion.
The Muslim Empire began to expand vastly under the Umayyads, with the empire becoming so large many people were converting to Islam religion. The Umayyads were the second of the four major caliphates after the death of Muhammad. The Empire used many different ways to spread the Islamic civilization consisting of war, classes, and appeal. The Islamic civilization spread so strongly because of the way it allured the common man.
All in all, this short selection of Usama’s writings does much to further the understanding of the effects on the crusades on many Muslims during this period, though since this was written by an affluent elite it does not describe much of the general populous’ experience. It also provides a good overview of the interactions between Muslims themselves. This was a time fraught with danger and division but Usama’s work shows that a common thread kept many together and preserved a civilization that still exists to this very day.
Why and how did Islam spread so quickly? I will give three reasons to answer this question. One answer is because of the large trading happening, two is that muslims are protected by Islam, three is because of the religion Muhammad created was attractive to people.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, no one imagined that the next great world power would emerge from Saudi Arabia. Especially, because ancient empires thought that the land was worthless but they didn’t know that it had great trade routes. Trade brought them in connection with other civilizations and that’s how the city of Mecca, located in Saudi Arabia became known. The city of Mecca was a mix of religious beliefs, they used to worship many gods and had their own rituals. The world of Islam took place in Mecca where Muhammad was born in 570 CE. He became known as “the Prophet,” he was meant to be God’s final prophet. The main two groups of Islam are the Shia and Sunni; which they were created after Muhammad’s death. The Islam religion as
... Muhammad was an evil man. We know he was evil because we have read about his teachings, and about the practices of the Nation of Islam. Baldwin knew he was evil in the same way. And we know that Baldwin knew Muhammad was evil because Baldwin wrote about Muhammad’s hatred in his essay, “Down at the Cross”. But Baldwin demonstrated wisdom by not sharing his views with Muhammad, and he demonstrated humbleness by not being consumed by his views and disagreeing with Muhammad. This helps us, readers of Baldwin, learn just that much more about this complex author.
In Judaism, the holy book was known as the Torah. It is comprised of the five books in the bible. Human beings had an obligation to honor the holy text and serve God by practicing what was stated in the bible. However, in Christianity, the holy text is based on both the Old and New Testament. This bible consisted of teachings and life of Jesus. Lastly, for the Islam religion, their holy text was the Quran. The bible was inspired by God and gave many people inspiration and guidance in their lives. Thus, many people will apply what was stated in the bible to their lives to live righteously. All three religions required individuals to read their holy texts, pray, and stay faithful to
The town of Mecca was the birthplace of Islam, at first the leaders of the city refused the changing of this new religion and forced Muhammad to leave. Muhammad returned and preached to the people about what he had heard, that there is only one god. Islam spread quickly for two main reasons they are the message and military conquest.
Throughout his life, the Prophet Muhammad proved to be exceptionally adept at uniting diverse groups, negotiating a series of alliances and loyalty arrangements that spanned religious, tribal, ethnic, and familial lines (Berggren 2009). Among other things, this ability enabled Muhammad to forge a shared identity and found a nascent Islamic state from a diverse and even heterogeneous community (Rahman 1982; Ernst 2003, pp. 87-93). This diversity proved to be both a source of strength and conflict for Islam, and following the death of Muhammad early Islamic communities engaged in extensive debates not only about the nature of his teachings or how to carry his legacy forward, but also about the terms that should be used to define his authority. Although this debate produced a colorful array of movements within the tapestry of early Islamic civilization, this essay offers a critical examination of two particularly distinct perspectives on the nature of prophetic authority: namely, those articulated
The three most influential books in human history, the holy books of the three main Abrahamic religions, share a common though checkered history. With a string of familiar figures and incidents, each book builds upon its predecessor, sometimes retaining the exact nature of the story and sometimes giving it a new version. Each book seems to have been influenced by its specific purpose and the circumstances of the time it was revealed, with the stories meeting the demands of the day. I believe that the Quranic treatment of Jesus was to establish a firm monotheistic belief.
Babur acknowledges his penchant for the secular pleasures of alcohol and profane poetry. Nevertheless, in the course of his memoirs, Babur turns to Islam increasingly to sanction his rule. If not as devout as his great-grandson Aurangzeb would be, he was well-read and even wrote an explanation of Islamic law in verse for his son.(26) A consummate warrior, Babur was also well educated and not unaware of the moral power of a righteous ruler. He writes of his conclusion that his lust for drink must be thrown off, and vows temperance. (73-74) This act is as much a conqueror’s claim for moral legitimacy, as the memoirs themselves, which are heavily salted with quotations from the Koran.
“Men of the pen… In these and their assertions in the use of their delightful pens, the subsistence of faith and of the world itself is vested and bound up…[T]o persons of ready understanding, the similarity of knowledge and water is as clear as water itself.” This quote from Muhammad Ibn Asad Jalal ud-din al-Dawwani, a fifteenth century Persian writer, discussed how some people use their pens as a way of acquiring knowledge. Those people can then use their knowledge and spread it throughout the world. This is exactly what a group of Muslims were able to do in the Indian Ocean world.
In this stronger and strange religion woman have many discriminations such as: woman have dressed with the Hijab, the daughters receive a part of the inheritance, though only the half of the assigned to the children, woman are prohibited to meet in public groups. Always women are controlled by their husband, and must accept all that they said. Woman can not contradict or repudiate their husband, on the other hand man can do it without it turns out to be a disgrace for his family. The wives must accept other wives of his husband in house, since the Islamic marriage is polygamous. The men can marry even 4 women.
Islam today is regarded as a religion whose followers are known as Muslims. However, this religion only started in the early 600s, with the start of the Muslim era beginning in 622 (Armstrong 14). It is a topic of debate of whether Islam was more of a culture or religion from 600-1300. It is often noted that during this time it should not be considered fully formed, and even now any religion should not be considered as such, as they are constantly changing to fit the current era and beliefs of the peoples who practice these religions. I believe that during this period, Islam was both a culture and a religion.