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Sports participation and social class
Social inequalities of sports
Athlete stereotypes
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Sport as a racial equalizer
The ideology that African Americans are superior in athletics further promotes the idea of white intellectual superiority. Some will argue that sports put race on an equal playing field, however racial inequalities and injustices are reinforced here. When people in a study were asked to describe an individual's athletic ability based on their looks, an overwhelming response characterized the black person as a superior athlete, yet the white male was described as having a greater intellectual or strategical ability (Harrison, 2002). Africans hold an extensive percent of the population of NBA and NFL players with the percent of African americans being 75% and 69% respectively in 2015 according to Richard Lapchick. Although the African American population makes up the
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There is an accepted belief that due to biological factors the white male just can be as good as the black male is specific sports, however there is no conclusive biological evidence which indicates race determines our abilities of athletic performance. There is no valid reason for the black male to be considered a scapegoat as there is no physical barrier hindering the white man's ability to be just as “good” as the black male .
Upward Mobility
People who are prejudiced against often turn to professional sports as most other avenues for upward mobility are blocked (Brym). Sport is seen by many in low socioeconomic standing that sport is the way out of the ghetto, as becoming a professional athlete increases one's social and economic standing. Advancement through sport causes and individual to change their role in society, from a feared African American thug, to an admired wealthy athlete. Although sport can provide a means of effective upward mobility other means should not be neglected based merely upon one's race.
Socialization of African Americans by
To start off my interpretation analysis of the first two chapters in their book, I will begin by stating a classification I have personally received. In the beginning pages of chapter number one, the authors go on in explaining the misclassification of how the skin color, physical attributes, or origin of a person decide how good they are in physical activity; being Latino, most specifically coming from a Dominican background, people always assumed I was or had to be good in Baseball. This classification always bothered me; one, simply because I hate baseball, to me personally is one of the most boring sports in the planet, and second because my strong physical ability still to this point in life is running. Throughout my High School years, people always seemed shocked when they found out I belonged to the track team instead of the baseball team. There was one occasion, where someone said I was a disgrace to the Dominican Republic, simply because I was not good at striking a ball with a baseball bat. As I reflect on this idea and personal experience, I have found this to be one of the strongest points in chapter one of “Racial Domination, Racial Progress: The Sociology of Race in America”. This is due to in part, because perhaps I can relate to it personally, and because in the world of sports is one of the most frequent things commentators will rely on to explain a team’s or individual success. Apart from the point of sports and physical attributes, the authors also go on in elaborating how this belief of how a person looks, has resulted in dangerous practices in the medical field. This is particularly shocking to
Smith , Earl. Race, Sport and the American Dream. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2007.
As Miller and Wilson revealed, athleticism is not always analogous with success. Willy regarded Biff highly because he observed Biff’s presence and athleticism, and he believed these qualities would result in immediate success. Today many parents associate sports with success and therefore pressure their children to excel in sports. In today’s society it is very rare that fears of discrimination would cause children to not pursue a lucrative career in sports. Both Miller and Wilson knew the impact of sports on family dynamics, and how sports have evolved from a leisure time activity to a full-time commitment. Clearly, many of the qualitative aspects of sports--competition, teamwork and physical dexterity can contribute to being a success in almost any career.
The Civil Rights Era impacted the realm of sports in a great and powerful way. Throughout the mid 1900s, many minority athletes emerged through all odds and began to integrate themselves in the white dominated athletic business. These athletes endured constant hardships in order to achieve their goals and dreams; facing much racism, segregation, and violence. Minorities across the country began to look up to these sportsmen and realized that anybody could attain greatness despite the social troubles of the time. Stories depicting the struggles of minority athletes soon arose and grew popular among different cultures. These true accounts passed from generation to generation, each admiring the courage and bravery of athletes and how important they became in obtaining an equal society. Producers and directors soon found a way to revolutionize the film industry by retelling the racial discrimination that minority athletes faced. Remember the Titans, The Perfect Game, 42, and The Express are all examples of how minority athletes overcame racial adversities in order to obtain the championship. These Hollywood movies contain many inaccuracies that draw away from the true impact minority athletes had during the Civil Right Era. Although these films do depict the racial components of the time, they do not depict the accurate occurrences of the stories they try to recreate.
“African Americans have just as amount of chance of becoming a professional athlete as he or she winning the lottery”. This so called goal of theirs is unrealistic and is highly impossible. There are so many sports athletes but majority of them are of a different c...
“We are more visible, but not more valuable”. This famous quote was said by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, one of the most famous black basketball players, symbolized what many black athletes were pursuing when they first got into sports. In today’s world not only are black athletes a part of our sports venue, they are dominating the landscape of some sports such as the NBA which consists of a whopping 80% black athletes. Black athletes continue to revitalize sports in America as some athletes became the face of their sports such as Muhammad Ali in boxing, Jackie Robinson in baseball and Michael Jordan in basketball. Sports came as a form of entertainment for many Americans, but for black athletes it came as a pathway to express who they were and what they believed in. The more they became involved in sports, the more media they were able to attract which enabled them to talk about topics other than sports such as racism, their religions and equality through the civil rights movement. These views and statements made in their interviews and press conferences were the ones that became publicized and more popular amongst the typical white men in America and it played a huge role in changing the way blacks were viewed in American society.
African American males should use their numbers and power to gain power. Not only in sports but in other fields. Not to mention, stereotyping African Americans has become a normal thing in today’s society, so people do not challenge it. Lastly, allowing these images to continue creates stereotypes for people to judge others.
When individuals, male or female, decide to enter a non-traditional sport for his/ her gender, there will inevitably be benefits and costs. Because sports themselves are divided along gender and race lines, one would expect that individuals who intend to play a sport deemed by culture and by society as counterintuitive are bound to be criticized and alienated because of their choices. Difference automatically threatens conventions, traditions, and expectations, and hence, it threatens the individuals who belong to that traditional sphere. Because sports are affected as much by funding as they are by issues of diversity and accessibility, the following questions address those issues: which group of people have access to what sports (the type of resources a school has determines the number of athletic opportunities and leagues that are available), what racial groups are represented more in which sports (African Americans are over represented in basketball but they are under represented in iced hockey, whites are over represented in winter sports but they are underrepresented in football), and how do those two questions overall affect a society and culture's response to "deviations?"
Dealing with the issue of sport and ethnology, three major factors come to mind; prejudice, racism, and discrimination. These factors span across gender, ethnic, racial, religious, and cultural groups. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss how these factors have played a part in the evolution of sport in our society. The first issue tackled in this paper will be racism in sports, followed by prejudice and discrimination.
How does discrimination take it’s toll in the world of sports? Some people think that racism is not evident in the current sports world. The truth is that on a daily basis, discrimination negatively affects many athletes because of their race, sex, and appearance .
The scholars expounds that Black athletes were commodities on the playing field to help win games and bring in revenue to their respected schools. However, the schools were just as eager and willing to leave their Black players behind and dishonoring the player as a part of the team. Therefore, not compromising the team’s winning and bring in profits for the school. Sadly, Black athletes at predominately White institutions (PWIs) who believed that they were bettering the live of themselves and their families members by going to college and playing collegiate sports to increase their post secondary careers. However, these athletes were only “show ponies” for their schools. Unfortunately, Black athletes had allegiance to their school; however, the school turned their backs on the athletes to protect the profit and notoriety of the school and the programs. Money and respect from White fans and spectators were more important to the PWIs than standing up for the respect of their Black players. Racial bigotry in sports was rampant and it was only going to get worse.
Especially basketball. The thought of basketball could make most people think ‘Every basketball player is black.” Either that or, “The best types of basketball players are black.” But this isn’t exactly true. Out of the eighteen basketball players on the Denver Nuggets, seven of the players are white. This matters because those seven guys are amazing basketball players. In order to keep playing for the Denver Nuggets, these guys have to be the best of the best, which they are. Just like the eleven black players on the team. However,the Denver Nuggets are only one of the thirty NBA teams out there, so imagine all of the people on those teams who are not black. We’re not just talking about white and black people though. There are many different people out of many different races who play basketball. Asians, Mexicans, Russians and all of the other races can play basketball as well. Some might be better than others. Don’t just think about black people when it comes to basketball. Keep in mind, basketball isn’t the only sport where people can be
Participants are all the athletes from the official NCAA D2 teams from Clayton State University (n= 240). We were interested in the different academic outcomes triggered by a racial stereotype between student athletes from three different racial ethnicities and origins. Therefore we split the group of each ethnicity into two groups, so we had 40 participants in each control and experimental group of African- Americans, European- Americans, and Europeans. Consequently, the final sample was comprised of 80 African- Americans, 80 European- Americans and 80 Europeans. Clayton State University is
Sports sociology looks at sports as a part of cultural and social life, and adds a different dimension and perspective to the study of sports and exercise. It also examines how athletes and their performances are influenced by the conditions around them, whether it’s family, friends, coaches, teammates, and the organizations they represent or play for. Also, people study sports in society because sports are socially significant activities for many people; they provide excitement, memorable experiences, and opportunities to initiate and extend social relationships. (Coakley, 2009)
White college men perceived athletics as a way to show their superiority and justify their presence in business as well as politics. They believed athletic sports were essential in their "vision of white manhood" (Grundy, 29).... ... middle of paper ... ...which encouraged participants to develop both verbal eloquence and cool self-control" (Grundy, 169). In addition, because African Americans face greater restrictions and job competition compared to Whites, scholarships were very much valued and high school coaches worked to help African American athletes gain these scholarships.