Objective:
This paper is the summary of the infrared spectroscopic technique.
Introduction:
Spectroscopy basically involves the study of the interaction of radiated energy with matter. These different radiations could be used to study chemical and physical material properties of different atoms. Colors of light differ in wavelength and energies and when they interact with matter, the light is either scattered, reflected, transmitted, absorbed, reflected or fluorescence. The interaction makes vibrational, electronic or nuclear changes in energy levels. This difference between energy levels includes a range of electromagnetic spectrum. Types of electromagnetic radiation include gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves and radio wave. Energies, wavelengths, frequencies, or wave number can be used to describe the radiations.
Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) is a type of spectroscopy that involves the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is one of the most important analytical methods widely used. It is a method that is used to measure how much infrared radiation is absorbed by sample materials. Different functional groups absorb this radiation at specific wavelengths. The functional groups can be determined by studying the absorbance patterns of a compound. Infrared region is between the visible region and the micro waves of the electromagnetic spectrum. It consists of longer wavelengths and lower frequency. Most common example of infrared is the thermal radiation emitted by matter near room temperature. The most common technique involving infrared is absorption spectroscopy. Chemicals can be identified and studied with this. The most common instrument used is called Fourier transf...
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... the vibrations should be equal to the frequency of the IR in order for the radiation to be absorbed. That would modify the amplitude of the molecular vibrations.
IR radiations results in molecular rotations, vibrations and vibrational coupling. Molecular rotations do not give much information. The spectra of gases are a line spectrum where as in liquids and solids a continuum spectrum is seen due to the vibration and interactions. Molecular vibrations are of two types, stretching and bending and they do not hold the atoms at a fixed place. When the vibrations interact together due to the bond being joined by a common atom, they result in coupling. Bending coupling is because of a common bond between two atoms. Maximum coupling could be observed if groups involved have an equal energy. If two or more bonds are present in between groups then couple is not possible.
Absorbance was defined as: log I_o/I where I_o is incident light and I is the transmitted light. Fluorescence emission spectrum is different from fluorescence excitation spectrum because it records different wavelengths of chemical s...
Experimental and Computation Vibration-Rotation Spectroscopy for Carbon Monoxide Through the Use of High-Resolution Infrared (IR) Spectra
The word oscilloscope is a word that combines from Latin and Greek language. The first part “oscillare” derives from the Latin words meaning to swing backwards and forwards. The second part comes from Classical Greek “skopein” means to observe, aim at, examine, from which developed the Latin ending “scopium”, which has been used to form names for instruments that enable the eye or ear to make observation.
Radiation can either be ionizing or non-ionizing depending on how the radiation itself affects matter. Non-ionizing radiation includes visible light, heat, microwaves, and radio waves. This particular type of radiation deposits energy in the materials that it passes through but cannot break molecular bonds or remove electrons from atoms. Ionizing radiation on the other hand has enough energy to break molecular bonds and displace atoms. The displaced electron creates two charged particles known as ions which can cause changes in living cells.
Multi-spectral imagery is able to offer so much more than a photo-graph of what the naked eye can already see, but will give out heat signatures and material compositions as well.
"Light, electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye. " Within that broad spectrum the wavelengths visible to humans occupy a very narrow band, from about 700 nanometers (nm; billionths of a meter) for a red light down to about 400 nm for violet light. The spectral regions adjacent to the visible band are often referred to as light also, infrared at the one end and ultraviolet at the other (Stark)." Light spreads directly. Therefore light is unbending and moves linearly.
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of electromagnetic waves, they vary in both frequency and wavelength. Radio waves have the longest wave length and lowest frequency, while Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and highest frequency. Figure 1.d. shows an image of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The higher the energy level in an energy source, the lower the wavelength of the energy produced, and the higher the frequency. Differences in wave energy characteristics are used to classify electromagnetic energy.
Spectrum refers to the electromagnetic spectrum, which is the range of frequencies through which electromagnetic radiation travels. Electromagnetic radiation is the energy that travels at the speed of light in waves as a stream of photon particles. This form of energy encompasses radio waves, microwaves, visible, nonvisible light, X–rays and gamma rays, and these classifications are based upon the frequency at which the energy travels (see figure 1). In order to refer to a specific portion, also called a band, of the electromagnetic spectrum, one uses Hertz (Hz) as the unit of measurement. Figure 1: Spectrum has an abundance of practical applications.
Oliva-Chatelain, B. L., & Barron, A. R. (2010). Basics of UV-Visible Spectroscopy. Retrieved from openstax cnx: http://cnx.org/content/m34525/latest/
Spectroscopy Spectroscopy is the study of energy levels in atoms or molecules, using absorbed or emitted electromagnetic radiation. There are many categories of spectroscopy eg. Atomic and infrared spectroscopy, which have numerous uses and are essential in the world of science. When investigating spectroscopy four parameters have to be considered; spectral range, spectral bandwidth, spectral sampling and signal-to-noise ratio, as they describe the capability of a spectrometer. In the world of spectroscopy there are many employment and educational opportunities as the interest in spectroscopy and related products is increasing.
The spectrum that is taken by the hubble space telescope is the visible light spectrum, ultraviolet. Light ...
Other than the wavelengths of visible light, there are other wavelengths which our eye is unable to see. Infrared is one example that can be felt by skin. Infrared light causes the temperatures of things to rise. It is owing to this particular wavelength rays which cause the rise in temperature of earth and atmosphere in general.
An oscilloscope is an electronic test instrument that is used to observe an electronic signal, typically voltage, as a function of time. In other words, it is a voltage versus time plotter. Oscilloscopes come in two basic types, analogue or digital, and support various features and functions useful for measuring and testing electronic circuits. An oscilloscope is a key piece of test equipment for any electronics designer.
The photoelectric effect is when photons of light hits an atom. That photons energy is converted and ejects an electron. Each element needs a certain amount of frequency and wavelength to react in this manner.