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Colonialism in america essay
American history chapter 3 colonial life
Indigenous Americans during the colonisation
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Austin published the terms of colonization in Texas and Let colonists from the US start to settle on land located on the Brazos and Colorado Rivers.
Eastern Missions-
Eastern missions. In the Roman Catholic Church's , mission work had long been a specialty of certain groups known asorders. Members of one order, the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), labored and died among the Indians that lived in the humid south Atlantic coast between 1566 and 1572, most of the missionaries working in the Spanish Borderlands, however, were members of the Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans).
Franciscans operated missions in what are now Florida and Georgia for almost 200 years. By 1655, there were 38 missions in the area. Because the Indians moved around a great
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deal to hunt for food like, fish, and wage war everywhere, the missions often changed locations because of this. At times, European diseases caused many deaths among the Indians and them self's. After the founding of Charleston, South Carolina, in 1670, English settlers began to lure surviving Indians away with trade goods and guns then they killed them or arrested them. Some attacked the Indians, often enslaving or killing them. By 1708, only a few missions were left because of the Indians , and in 1763, Spain surrendered Florida to Great Britain (now part of the United Kingdom). Western Missions- Western missions.
In 1598, Spain established a colony in the New Mexico area, where Pueblo Indians had an advanced civilization. The group that settled there included Franciscan missionaries, who sought to control the colony in the 1600's. Churches were built in about 50 Pueblo towns. In the early 1600's, the friars claimed to have about 35,000 mission …show more content…
Indians. Indians sometimes challenged European colonization because it disrupted their former ways of life. The bloodiest Indian uprising took place in 1680, when the Pueblo Indians drove the outnumbered Spaniards from the New Mexico colony and killed over 400 of them. The surviving Spaniards retreated to the El Paso, Texas, area. Twelve years later, they recolonized in New Mexico in some parts of the state. In the 1680's, Spaniards began occupying parts of present-day Texas. Spain relied on missions, presidios (forts), and other settlements to prevent the advance of French explorers and traders into the Texas area. Spain also hoped to befriend the powerful Indian tribes of this region, including the Apache and Comanche. By the mid-1700's, there were a few widely scattered clusters of missions that had survived Indian invasions. Some of the most memorable were the adobe and stone missions in the San Antonio area. These missions were known as the "Alamo chain” referenced to the alamo. Life at the missions The Spanish missions fed, clothed, and sometimes housed the Indians who entered them.
In return, the Indians in agreement to want instruction in Christianity, to appear at Spanish customs, and to work for the mission.
Many Spanish missions encircled feeding areas, schools, storerooms, and workshops, any as lodging and a church. In most cases, these structures were designed of adobe or stone and arranged around a sq. curtilage. All the missions had farms, and lots of operated ranches. The Texas missions became significantly productive. In 1834, Indians there herded an entire of 396,000 cattle; sixty 2,000 horses; and 321,000 sheep, goats, and pigs. They to boot harvested 123,000 bushels of grain.
In the mornings, mission Indians attended religious services and received instruction in Christianity. variety of them learned to scan and write in Spanish. throughout the rest of the day, they worked, typically on the farms. Some Indians learned woodwork, shaping, and totally {different|completely different} skills from the missionaries and from outside staff utilized to supervise construction of the churches and different mission
buildings. At first, many Indians welcome the benefits of a lots of reliable and varied food give, protection from enemies, and so the rich ceremonies of Christianity. Later, varied problems developed. many Indians objected to the extraordinarily structured mission routine and to the particular indisputable fact that they were tabu to travel away whereas not permission. They resented the missionaries' attacks on their former religions and traditions, which they feared the diseases that killed many of their relations. variety of the Indians fled. Others rebelled, sometimes destroying churches and killing missionaries. Missionaries were able to keep many Indians at a lower place mission discipline for several generations. once the missionaries left or the missions closed, however, some Indians came to their former means that of life. Discrimination associated an absence of education prevented even masterful Indians from getting sensible jobs and receiving equal rights among whites. Mission San Jose was established in San Antonio, Tex., in 1720. Its many graceful carvings, which attract thousands of visitors yearly, are reminders of Spanish rule in America. World Book photo by Zintgraff Photography
In the early 1700's, the country of Spain sent many explorers to the western world to claim land and find riches. When California was founded by several Spanish explorers, like Cabrillo, and De Anza, Spain decided to send missionaries to build missions. There are a total of 21 missions built in California. Mission Santa Ines was the 19th mission and was built to share the European God with the Indians and how to eat and dress like Europeans. Father Tapis wanted to make the Indians Christians and civilize them as well as keep and claim land for Spain. The missions were built near harbors, bays or rivers so the towns could grow the needed crops to survive, and to bring more Europeans, and show the Indians more European ways. The Indians built the missions under the supervision of the padres along El Camino Real, the Royal Road, where there was a water supply for the mission gardens and crops. The first mission built along El Camino Real was built in 1769, and the mission period lasted 54 years with the last mission built in 1823.
Cabeza de Vaca’s Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America shows that while Christians thought themselves superior to natives, both sides were diverse and could commit good, bad, or neutral behavior towards each other. Therefore, the Indians and the Christians were much more similar than different. This is apparent in de Vaca’s accounts of Indian to Indian behavior, Christian to Christian behavior, and Indian to Christian behavior (and vice-versa).
Many Indians came with Concepcion mission to San Antonio to start a new life. The Padres and the Indians built rough temporary structures made of thatched roofs to accommodate their living and worship needs. They planted crops and dug irrigation ditches for their food to eat. As they built permanent mission. They built the Concepcion mission in the design of the general mission plan of the time period. In time the Mission became a community. The Indians and the Padres built a stone wall around the mission compound. (saconservation 1) “Inside the enclosure were the usual buildings of the missions: a stone granary, a friary or convento for the priests apartments along the outer walls for the Indian families, various workshops and, of course, the church itself ” (saconservation 1).
The Pueblos had lived under Spanish power for eighty-two years in what is known as
In this way the religion practiced by the Native Americans was taken as contradictions to Christianity. The natives were informed that Christianity was designed to be an eternal rule of significance and a means from which they could use to return to God from their religions that had deviated (Eliot par. 3). Through sermons given by Whitfield, the minds of the natives were engaged in religion and making religion the subject of most of their discussions. They embraced all the opportunities to hear what was been taught on Christianity. The Christian revivals were attended by the young and old alike (Edwards par.
Finally, when it came down to the types of ceremonies and views both civilizations had, they were on two different pages. The Natives believed happiness was the key to good fortune. So, in order to get that fortune, they’d do sacrifices, and rituals to please the “mighty ones”. Then, as stated in the book “A History of Latin America”, it says, “Jews publicly converted to Christianity to avoid the torture…”, In which, this showed how religion and the spiritual views were forced upon people in the Spanish civilization.
The Americans settled all over the United States and in the 1820s began showing interest in the West because of trade with Asia. Certain leaders were sent out on missions' to "help" better the lives of the Indians and Mexicans. When the white settlers first came to West they viewed the Indians and Mexicans as savages. They did not think of them as human because their lifestyle was unsuitable, or rather different then their own. The only way that they could tolerate them was to try and change their way of living. They attempted to convert them into the Christian religion, to change the way they ate, what they ate, how they ate it, the way they dressed, teach them English, etc. "The object of the missions is to convert as many of the wild Indians as possible, and to train them up within the walls of the establishment in the exercise of a good life, and of some trade, so that they may be able to provide for themselves and become useful members of civilized society."1
Paul III, Pope. Indians are Men. Letter. The Spanish Tradition in America. Vatican City: 1537.
In the 1600’s there was the foundations of representative government. In the 1600’s the colonists came up with something called a democracy. A democracy is a government in which people rule themselves. The colonists had voted for many certain laws. They ruled themselves by using the laws of society. The carter named “Magna Carta” was a character of liberties which was agreed by King John of England, it had made the king obey the same laws as the citizens. Protestantism is a branch within Christianity; this was mostly participated during the 16th century. These were people who had reformed certain practices in the Catholic churches. On November 11, 1620 the Mayflower Compact was signed. The Mayflower Compact is a legal contract which was agreed to have fair laws to protect the good.
The Native Americans religion "reflected their cultural practices" (Lauter, 5). The Indians religious practices were associated with their me...
Several steps preceded Texas Independence. In 1821 the Treaty of Cordoba was signed releasing Mexico from 300 years of Spanish control. Within the same year the first Anglo settlers migrated to Texas under Stephen F. Austin’s leadership. (Winders) The following year Andrew Robinson opened a ferry at the “La Bahia Crossing on the Brazos.”
Columbus was sure that God had sent him to complete this task and that he was destined to carry the good Christian ways to heathen lands. A Spanish settlement was made in 1609 named Santa Fe in what is now New Mexico (Curti, p.167). Hundreds of thousands of Pueblo Indians were then converted to Christianity. At the same time, across the country, England was establishing its first settlement at Jamestown. Originally the English, who colonized alongside the French, saw settlements in the New World as strictly trading posts, but they soon realized the valuable opportunities that lay in the virgin lands of America, such as cotton, tobacco, and several other agricultural products that could not be found anywhere else.
The Spanish decided to build a settlement between New Spain and East Texas. It would be a midway stop. They decided it would be located on the San Antonio River. San Jose was one of these settlements. It was made of limestone and was built in 1720. A nickname it had was "The Queen of Missions". Close by was San Antonio de Valero, or also known as the Alamo. It had carvings in the windows and the doorways that were complicated and beautiful. The carvings were made when the limestone was just unearthed. When limestone is just quarried it's relatively soft.
The Spaniards arrived at the Americas prior to the English. The Spanish mainly wanted to explore in the first place because after the Black Death, the population increased, and thus, so did the frequency of commerce. There was a sudden new interest in new products and the new strong monarchs who sponsored the journeys wanted to be more affluent. Therefore, explorers such as Christopher Columbus attempted to go west to target Asia. However, he ended up on Cuba and called the natives Indians. The Spanish soon started to consider the Americas less of a blockage and could now see it as a source of resources. In 1518, Cortes arrived into Mexico with his group of conquistadors, or conquerors, which is a proper name because the men after gold exterminated native areas using their military skills, brutality and greed to turn the Southern America into a vast Spanish empire. The smallpox the Spanish unknowingly carried also helped wipe many people out. When they saw the religious ceremonies of the Aztecs that produced many skulls, they thought of these people as savages and not entirely human. This of coarse was quite hypocritical because the Spanish have killed before during the Inquisition for their faith. It was this contempt that made them think it was all right to slaughter the natives. Spanish colonies were established when conquistadors had gotten a license to finance the expedition from the crown to fixture encomiendas. These encomiendas were basically Indian villages that became a source of labor. The Spanish dreamed of becoming wealthier from South America, but they also wanted a profitable agricultural economy and to spread their Catholic religion (the Pueblo Indians converted to Christianity), which became very important in the 1540s.
By 1690 a visitor to the mission describe it as looking as a one of Spain’s