The Spanish civil war of 1936-1939 was an important conflict in Spain’s history. This war was initiated by a military revolt led by General Francisco Franco on the 17 July 1936 and ended with Franco’s victory on the 1 April, 1939. This victory resulted in the replacement of the Second Spanish Republic with the conservative dictatorship of Franco. This conflict triggered the clash of the various cultures and ideologies within Spain. One important example of an ideological clash was that of Communism versus Fascism. This clash was so important that, based on an analysis of the level of involvement of Fascist and Communist factions in said clash, one must concede that the conflict between Communism and Fascism was represented to a great degree by the Spanish Civil war.
One very important pro-communist faction that fought in this Civil War was the Spanish Popular Front coalition that won the February 1936 general elections. Led by Prime Minister Manuel Azaña Díaz, this broad coalition, like the one that won the May 1936 elections in France, was composed of communists, socialists and moderate parties. Both coalitions were encouraged to come about as a result of Soviet foreign policy. This policy, known as the Popular Front policy, was passed by the Seventh World Congress of the Communist International in 1935 to protect Russia from Fascist Germany. The Communist International, Comintern or Third International, founded by Lenin in 1919, was an international organization of communist parties. The Comintern's Spanish affiliates were the P.C.E (Partido Comunista de España), the Communist Party of Spain and the Catalan based Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya or P.S.U.C.). It was this coalition ...
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Coverdale, John F.. Italian intervention in the Spanish Civil War . Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975.
Esenwein, George Richard. "Introduction: Interpreting Spain's Civil War and Revolution." In The Spanish Civil War: a modern tragedy, 1-10. New York: Routledge, 2005.
Graham, Helen. The Spanish Civil War: a very short introduction. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2005.
Lannon, Frances. "Introduction." In The Spanish Civil War: 1936-1939, 7-10. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Limited , 2002.
Preston, Paul. The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution and Revenge. 2006. Reprint, New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2007.
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Starting with the first chapter, Deverell examines the racial and ethnic violence that took place in the wake of American defeat. In no more than thirty years or so, ethnic relations had appeased and the Mexican people were outnumbered quickly (as well as economically marginalized and politically disenfranchised), as the second chapter discloses. The author examines a variety of topics to further his case but the most compelling and captivating sections of the book come into the third, fourth and fifth chapters. The third chapter focuses its attention
Teja, Jesus F. De La. A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin. Austin: State House Press, 1991.
This book by Otis A. Singletary deals with different aspects of the Mexican war. It is a compelling description and concise history of the first successful offensive war in United States military history. The work examines two countries that were unprepared for war. The political intrigues and quarrels in appointing the military commanders, as well as the military operations of the war, are presented and analyzed in detail. The author also analyzes the role that the Mexican War played in bringing on the U.S. Civil War.
“The Conquest of New Spain” is the first hand account of Bernal Diaz (translated by J.M. Cohen) who writes about his personal accounts of the conquest of Mexico by himself and other conquistadors beginning in 1517. Unlike other authors who wrote about their first hand accounts, Diaz offers a more positive outlook of the conquest and the conquistadors motives as they moved through mainland Mexico. The beginning chapters go into detail about the expeditions of some Spanish conquistadors such as Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba, Juan de Grijalva and Hernando Cotes. This book, though, focuses mainly on Diaz’s travels with Hernando Cortes. Bernal Diaz’s uses the idea of the “Just War Theory” as his argument for why the conquests were justifiable
Díaz del Castillo, Bernal. "The True History of the Conquest of New Spain." In Sources of Making of the West, by Katarine J. Lualdi, 269-273. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009.
6. Love, Edgar F. “Negro Resistance to Spanish Rule in Colonial Mexico.” The Journal of Negro History 52, no. 2 (1967): 89-103.
Francisco Franco (1892-1975) was a lifelong military leader. He rose through the ranks until the early 1930s, when he found himself, a right-wing monarchist, in the middle of a left-wing republic. He was demoted, but later rose up again, and by 1935 he had been named chief of staff of the Spanish Army, a position he used to get rid of left-wing figures and their military institutions. When the left- wing social and economic structure of Spain began to fall, Franco joined the rebellion. He soon led an uprising and took control of Spain after the Spanish Civil War (1939). From then unti...
Bauer, K. Jack. “Mexican War,” Handbook of Texas Online, last modified June 15, 2010, accessed May 2, 2014, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qdm02
Max Gallo’s ‘Spain Under Franco’ is a comprehensive work that attempts to provide an overview of the living conditions and political dynamics in Franco’s Spain. Gallo makes extensive efforts to detail the brutal totalitarian nature of the state by saying that ‘the reprisals and executions which went on long after victory had been won [by Franco in the civil war] mark an undeniable retrogression for any civil society governed by traditional norms of law’.1 In addition, Gallo explains why Spain drifted towards an authoritarian form of government in the aftermath of World War Two instead of a democracy as Italy had done by arguing that ‘there was literally no social stratum capable of envisaging the replacement of Francoism by a democracy of
Beginning in 1845 and ending in 1850 a series of events took place that would come to be known as the Mexican war and the Texas Revolution. This paper will give an overview on not only the events that occurred (battles, treaties, negotiations, ect.) But also the politics and reasoning behind it all. This was a war that involved America and Mexico fighting over Texas. That was the base for the entire ordeal. This series of events contained some of the most dramatic war strategy that has ever been implemented.
At the start of the Spanish American War, the U.S. army was strong, however, not as strong as some had hoped. By the end of the war, the army was very strong and successful due to the rise of jingoism in the American citizens. The press influenced society through its underlying message of jingoism. Many people joined the army because of their nationalism and loyalty to their country. “The Spanish American War sparked unprecedented levels of patriotism and confidence” in the American people (“The Film” par. 1). Engaging in this war resulted in a jingoistic society, which was different than years prior. This extreme patriotism united the nation and created a hunger for success as a nation. The institution of jingoism in the lives of the American people was a crucial social modification that stemmed from the Spanish American
"American Civil War." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 16 May. 2014.
In order to understand the effects of the Spanish Civil War, the atmosphere of Spain prior to 1936 needs to be understood as well. Spain, unlike major European powers, never experienced a bourgeois revolution and was therefore still dominated by a significant aristocracy. However, Spain had gone through several civil wars and revolutions making violence one of the most common devices for change. It, also, had undergone several cycles of reform, reaction from the opposition, and reversal by military uprising led by a dictator before 1936 (Preston 18).
?Spanish-American War and Philippine Resistance.?? U.S. Department of the Army:? Army Area Handbooks.? 1993.? St. Louis.? Online.? UM-St. Louis Libraries.? Internet 12 Mar. 2000.? Available gopher://gopher.umsl.edu/00/library/govdocs/armyahbs/aahb4/aahb0247.
The Spanish American War is often referred to in history as the first press driven war (PBS). “It coincided with the height of sensational press” and the competition