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Comparing two sources in a paper
Consequences of the Truman doctrine
Challenges of oral presentation
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HISTORY ALTERNATIVE TASK
2017
Daniel Benjamin Abrams
Grade 12
Table of Contents
1. Task 1: Source Analysis
a. Summary of Evidence page 3
b. Evaluation of Sources page 6
2. Task 2: Analysis of a Photograph
a. Photograph page 8
b. Analysis page 9
c. Sources page 12
3. Task 4: Oral Presentation
a. Oral page 13
b. Visual Presentation page 16
4. Appendices
Task 1: Source Analysis
a) Summary of Evidence
Source A:
This source is from a history textbook dealing with the Cold War. In this source, Richard Crockatt states that the US implemented a policy with the intention of stopping the spread of Communism in Western Europe. This was in the form of the
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In this source, President Truman of the US declares his view of what the US should represent and defend in the world. He strongly opposes regimes instituted by minorities that compulsorily enforce their political systems on majorities with the use of censorship, instilling fear, tyranny, infringing upon Freedom of Expression and predetermining the outcomes of elections. He also passionately advocates for freedom, therefore he declares it to be the United States’ obligation to safeguard the free peoples of the world’s freedoms. He supposes that free nations facing outside threats should be assisted with finance, and in doing so, the US will be actualising the Charter of the United Nations. He illustrates this point through the example of Greece, wherein at the time, they faced a Communist takeover that would have a ripple effect on Turkey. He concludes by reiterating the point that the United States is a beacon of freedom in the world. This source is useful, as it shows the US’s intentions in implementing the Truman Doctrine as well as President Truman’s own thoughts, views and aims in creating his …show more content…
In this source, Marshall himself outlines the reasoning behind this plan. He states that the US should assist in reviving the economies of the world in order to ensure peace and political steadiness. He declares that their policy is not focused to be in opposition of other countries or their beliefs, but is rather an attempt to alleviate conditions of extreme poverty as well as create environments wherein free establishments can exist. The speaker further states that the US will not assist countries that hinder the progress of other countries and/or oppress their citizens. He also includes that the US will oppose the countries perpetuating the latter circumstance. This source is useful as it sets up the conditions for the giving of US aid, it portrays an approach that the US took to justify their policies and allows us to gain perspective of the Marshall Plan from Marshall
To start off the Cold war, Russia had lost twenty-seven million soldiers in World War II. Stalin was not going to allow the Germany to attack Russia again . To make sure of this , Stalin made East Europe his buffer zone.The United states could not allow the this to contunie to happen. The first example was the Truman Doctrine, that declared the the Untited States would support “free people”. The Doctrine was followed by the Marshall Plan which gave 12 billion dollars in aid European democracies so that communist ideas would not be so attractive. These were some of the long term , patient policies the United States did to
During the cold war, the United States engaged in many aggressive policies both at home and abroad, in which to fight communism and the spread of communist ideas. Faced with a new challenge and new global responsibilities the U.S. needed to retain what it had fought so strongly for in World War II. It needed to contain the communist ideas pouring from the Soviet Union while preventing communist influence at home, without triggering World War III. With the policies of containment, McCarthyism, and brinkmanship, the United States hoped to effectively stop the spread of communism and their newest threat, the Soviet Union.
Truman’s accomplishments in his domestic policy were impressive, considering the hardships the nation was experiencing as World War II came to an end, and the resistance of Congress (which was greatly made up of Republicans and conservatives) to liberalism. The president was able to pas...
During 1940-1970, the USSR and the USA were the world’s leading superpowers. After WW2, it was the US money that helped rebuild nearly all of Western Europe, putting nearly half a dozen countries into debt. They opened trade and helped Europe’s ravaged economy to get back onto its feet. They did so by creating the ‘Marshall Plan’ on June the 5th, 1947. The plans aim was to reconstruct Western Europe and at the same time to stop Communism spreading to them – the Americans were avid believers in the Domino Theory, and believed that communism would take over all of Europe if they did not intervene. They also created other policies such as the Truman doctrine on March the 12th, 1947 (which is a set of principles that state that the US as the worlds ‘leading country’ will help out other democratic governments worldwide) and NATO, 4th of April 1949.
Russia, as a communist state, wanted to spread communism. This is seen through Document 6, where Stalin is portrayed asking the question- who should be freed from freedom next? In other words, who should the Russians free from democracy, or spread communism to? America felt a communist world is dangerous, and thus stood obstacle in the Soviet Union’s path to spread communism. Just as the Soviets wanted to spread communism, the United States wanted to contain communism. Document 4 effectively portrays this policy. The Document is the speech where President Truman is explaining the Truman Doctrine in which the US is to protect any nation battling communist pressures. The speech splits the world into communist and democratic camps, intensifying the nations’ thirsts for more power and stifling the other’s power. Within Document 3, Kennan states that the only way to influence the Soviet Union is through force. One way this force took form was through international organizations. The democracies of the world, fearful of communism’s spread, created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Those who made up the organization were to aid each other if attacked. In this way, they could fight the spread of communism through force, in turn, influence the Soviets. The US, as a part of NATO, was now taking direct steps against the Soviet Union, and thus steps toward the Cold War. To counter NATO, the communists formed the Warsaw Pact. This had same purpose as NATO, and hence was also a step toward the Cold War. The different beliefs of the Soviet Union and the United States incited the Cold
Despite strong opposition from a Republican congress, Truman attempted to extend Roosevelt's New Deal policies by strengthening social security, conservation, implementing rent controls, and providing housing to low-income families. At times, however, Truman was inconsistent with his own party's beliefs and the ideal of the New Deal in order to suit the immediate situation and retain public support. Furthermore, Truman supported civil rights actions and for the first time, increased the political status of African American citizens. Truman's various other reforms were much like the proposals of Roosevelt, but the mood of the nation due to its affluence and that of Congress opposed his efforts and the changing times proved that Truman's Fair Deal was not as necessary as FDR's New Deal.
Thesis statement: The US objective was to keep all countries from turning to "communist" and being controlled by primarily communist governments.
The American political economy of freedom seemingly was at risk. Thus, the Truman administration switched to an “adversarial relationship”. However, the foreign policy challenge, as Dean Acheson stresses, “was to foster an environment in which our national life and individual freedom can survive and prosper (Leffler, The Specter of Communism, 63).
Offner, Arnold. “‘Another Such Victory’: President Truman, American Foreign Policy, and the Cold War.” Taking Sides: Clashing Views On Controversial Issues in United States History. Ed. Larry Madaras and James M. SoRelle. 14th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. 291-301.
The doctrine stated that the USA pledged support for "free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures. " This basically meant that the USA would help any country, which felt threatened by communism. The Truman Doctrine was prompted by the need of Greece, which was involved in a civil war between the right wing royalists and a communist group. The communists were being supported by Yugoslavia and the USSR, leading to the USA and Great Britain supporting the royalists with the USA giving them $400,000,000 in aid... ...
In February 1946, George F. Kennan, an American diplomat in Moscow, proposed a policy of containment. Containment is the blocking of another nation’s attempts to spread its influence. During the late 1940s and early 1950s the United States used this policy against the Soviets. The United States wanted to take measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries. The conflicting U.S. and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the Cold War. The Berlin airlift, formation of NATO, and the Truman Doctrine all relate to this policy of containment.
Truman expresses in his Truman Doctrine. During the early 1950s, Greece and Turkey were crumbling, and the United Nations stated that they would no longer be able to assist them. I firmly agree with Truman when he stated “Greece must have assistance if it is to become a self-supporting and self-respecting democracy. The United States must supply that assistance. We have already extended to Greece certain types of relief and economic aid but these are inadequate.” We as a nation are somewhat going through the same thing now with Syria and their refugees. Truman’s words true in some aspects, but many wanted to see a much firmer response to the Soviets invading and destroying countries, because as they took over others, it was imposing major threats threat they would soon turn up on our shores to do the
Moreover, it served as a precedent for future U.S. policy of interventionism. According to Stephen Ambrose, an important quote from Truman’s speech, "I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures," stands as "all encompassing" and would "define American policy for the next generation and beyond." "1 Faced with strong opposition, Truman was still able to achieve a consensus in Congress aimed at quelling the communist threat through active foreign policy and involvement. The Truman Doctrine not only demonstrates the new foreign policy of the U.S., but also helps explain American foreign policy since the Doctrine’s inception. At the end of World War II, the military and foreign policies of the White House were moving in opposite directions.
...thin the Marshall Plan, all four foreign policies are addressed with special concentration on manifest destiny in order that we might assist European governments. Upon the rebuilding of Europe, the U.S. was once again able to expand its economic markets.
The second large step in containment was the Marshall Plan. Proposed by Secretary of State George Marshall, it would provide economic relief to rebuilding Western European nations such as Great Britain, France, Belgium and even...