No. Titles Page Numbers
1 What is SDLC 2
2 What is Formal Method 2 to 3
3 How SDLC was used in Formal Method 3
4 The necessary constraint of the school system 4
5 Mind Maps Diagram 5
6 Class Diagram 6
7 VDM Specification 7 to 10
8 List of References 11
9 END N/A
A) Describe the SDLC and how it can be evoke with Formal Methods.
What is SDLC?
SDLC also know as Software Development Life Cycle. SDLC is a framework / guidelines to describe the activities that need to be carried during developing a software project at each stages. [Session 2.pptx] They’re few standard steps/phases in a SDLC. The steps/phases are:
Project Planning > System Analysis > System Design> Implementation> Testing> Deployment > Maintenance.
If there’s any problem occur during “Testing” phase. The programmer may need to re-design the code and re-implement the partial of the system that occur error. (Russell Kay, 2002)
They’re various types of SDLC Methodologies. Examples are:
1. Waterfall Model
2. V-Shaped Model
3. Evolutionary Prototyping Model
4. Spiral Model
5. Agile Model
From the example above, the most famous model was “Waterfall Model”. Waterfall Model is one of a methodology that flows from top to bottom steadily. Each phase is require to wait the previous phase completed before proceed to current or next phase. No matter how, when using the “Waterfall Model” as SDLC. Users have to face time consumption problem and also may lead to last expenses. (Mohamed Sami, 2012)
What is Formal Method?
Formal Method is a kind mathematics method that used in Designing, Implementing, and testing the software, which have been, or going to develop.
(L.Lensink, 2013)
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References Lists
Leonard Lensink, 6 November 2013, Applying Formal Methods in Software Development, available from , accessed on 09 April 2014
Marwan Alshar’e, February 2014, FM Lecture 1, Formal Method in Software Engineering, lecture notes distributed in FMSE at FTMS on 21 Feb 2014
Mohamed Sami, 15 March 2012, Software Development Life Cycle, available from accessed on: 08 April 2014
Russell Kay, 14 May 2002, QuickStudy: System Development Life System, ComputerWorld, available from accessed on: 08 April 2014
This model is most effective for developing business software systems because it is easier to change the process to reflect the updated customer requirements. The basic idea behind incremental method is to develop a system through repeated cycles (iterative) and in smaller portions at a time (incremental), thereby allowing software developers to take advantage of what was learned during development of earlier parts or versions of the system. Learning comes from both the development and use of the system, where possible key steps in the process start with a simple implementation of a subset of the software requirements and iteratively enhance the evolving versions until the full system is implemented. At each iteration, design modifications are made and new functional capabilities are
3. Use a Precise way to solve a problem with structured problem solving techniques.. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.greatbrainstormingtechniques.com/structured-problem-solving-techniques.php
In the first frameworks, the application classes had to be compatible with the framework protocol usually by extending an abstract class or implementing an interface. The framework structures evolved and recent ones use introspection [Forman and Forman 2005] to access at runtime the ...
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) consists of phases used in developing a piece of software. It is the plan of how to develop and maintain software, and when necessary, replace that software. In 2007 during my hospital’s transition to a new software system, I was fortunate enough to be included in the process. I did not get involved until the implementation phase, but from then on, until now, I remain very active in the process. I decided to highlight the Waterfall Model of SDLC. The Waterfall Model is a “sequential development process” with each phase continuing in a line (McGonigle and Mastrian, 2012, p. 205).
Jackson, F., and Pettit, P., 1990, 'Program Explanation: a general perspective', Analysis, vol. 50, pp. 107-117.
A software development methodology is a standard proven process which helps programmers, architects, system analysts and others to make a well controlled and an efficient progress in the high quality software development.
... and increases the cost to benefit ratio. Although there are many different methods that apply the five phases of the SDLC, information technology professionals must be able to decide which method to use for a particular system so that it will maximize the benefits and create a system that meets user expectations in the most logical manner.
Agile software development is a group of software development methods based on iterative and incremental development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams. It promotes adaptive planning, evolutionary development and delivery, a time-boxed iterative approach, and encourages rapid and flexible response to change.
Given the time, it takes to develop large sophisticated software systems it not possible to define the problem and build the solution in a single step. Requirements will often change throughout a projects development, due to architectural constraints, customer’s needs or a greater understanding of the original problem. Iteration allows greater understanding of a project through successive refinements and addresses a projects highest risk items at every stage of its lifecycle. Ideally each iteration ends up with an executable release – this helps reduce a projects risk profile, allows greater customer feedback and help developers stay focused.
Grant Paul Dally Student ID 16008251 3/1/2016 Development assignment Software development Software development as a field of study is the learning process of writing programs in code (applications or system software) and/or the maintenance of these programs such as updates or bug fixes. Software development also involves the entire process of a program life cycle, from the start of the creation of a program so the understanding, the planning and then only to the writing of the source code and the maintaining of it.
Most of System testing, test cases are designed from the initial design and specifications in order to avail and verify that the requirements in the contract have been met. Which means the overall goal has been achieved.
As part of developing the need in the initial investigation step in the systems development life cycles (SDLC) process, a constructive method is use case. Use case is a technique for capturing requirements with written scenarios in non-technical terminology that describe how a system interacts with a user or another system (University of Phoenix, Course Syllabus, 2006). There are two fundamental pieces, along with how they relate, to bear in mind: the actors and the goals. The actors are everyone and everything that will use (or be used) by the project progress reports, and the goals, which are what the actors want to achieve. The use case will describe the goals achieved by the actors who perform tasks (Carr & Meehan, 2005).
A s the past decades have seen the automation of all the tasks in all the domains and computing systems have become more complex and are being implanted in the modern society, there is a persistent demand for developing efficient methodologies to software development and maintenance. There is a requirement of great extents of effort, time and money to plan and develop any viable software. It also involves people and their organization. Even the very minor pieces of software require numerous activities to be accomplished and can be considered as a project. Owing to growing competition, today's commercial circumstances have become very dynamic. Companies need to act very fast to varying needs of the market. Important developments have also taken place in the way software is proposed and developed. Thus, software engineering which deals with all these areas has become an individualized study from researchers. Software crisis symbolizes the recurring system development obscurities where software problems cause the system tasks to be delayed, expensive, and/or not receptive to the user’s needs and requests. Software Engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all phases of software production from the early stages of system requirements through to maintaining the system after is has gone into use. Software can be developed to meet the various stages of reliability, security and response time. Productivity of software development varies greatly based on the level of performance required by the customer.
My interest in Software Engineering, as a practical approach to develop software, arose while studying it in my fourth semester. I became aware of the different software development methodologies and the various stages in developing a software. This interest blossomed further through studying software project management & software testing. I came to understand the need of the various managemen...
The Test first development technique where the test is written before the code. One view of the technique is that it helps understand the requirement better and is not so much about validating the requirements. The basic idea is that the code once written should validate all the requirements which is achieved by a process just reverse to the conventional approach. This section covers the importance of TDD, how to put TDD in practice and the references which provide standard view of the approach.