Socioeconomic Status

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In past studies as far back as 1980, recent studies have been done on what the relationship is from a mother to her newborn child before and after the birth of a second child. Research from previous studies have shown that there is both positive and negative effects on how the firstborn reacts to its mother in late or post pregnancy (Touris, Kromelow, & Harding, 1995). On the other hand, other studies that have found only a negative change found it throughout the entire pregnancy not just at certain times. There has also been a study where it was discovered that having poor living conditions can help separate the bond between the mother and her newborn infant. The study that is being done in this article is taking a look at the relationship …show more content…

The researchers are using the higher class population of people because previous research has already shown that in a lower class family the second child does, in fact, put stress on the first child and mother’s relationship.
For this study the independent variable will be the experimental group which will contain infants whose mother is expecting. The dependent variable will be the control group in which the child is an only child and their mother is not expecting. For the first observation, the infants were 16.3 months old for the expecting group and 17.6 for the non-expecting; for the second observation, the expecting group was 21 months old, while the non-expecting group was 21.5 months old (Touris et al., 1995). …show more content…

Then they observed how the infants would behave towards their mother. For example, if their mother left the room and came back, they would see how the infants behaved towards their mother. Also, they would observe how explorative the child would be with or without the mother there. The moment researchers focused on most was when the mother returned in episodes 4 and 7 (Touris, al et., 1995)
After infants were finished being observed, they would be put into a group based on their behaviors. Group A was avoidant behavior, Group B was secure behavior, and Group C was resistant behavior (Touris, al et., 1995). In each group there would be a subgroup to account for even more specific behavior than just, for example, avoiding their mother when she came back into the room. The researchers would also look at if they still stayed close to their mother and explored or went on as if she was not there.

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