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Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
Osd obsessive compulsive disorder
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Recommended: Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
Sociocultural psychology began with Lev Vygotsky in 1931 in dealing with how people react to their environments, pressures, and influences that surround the individual in everyday life. This is a slowly expanding approach that is working towards treating psychological diseases such as obsessive compulsive disorder, also commonly known as OCD.Social psychology focuses mainly on how people react to their surroundings and others in society. Many psychologists go about treating illnesses, such as OCD and eating disorders, by placing people into situations where they have to confront their problems. Many psychologists such as Solomon Asch and Stanley Milgram performed experiments to observe how people react to surroundings and pressures. Many different …show more content…
Again the subjects surroundings and the authority over them affects the way they act and what they’ll do. In his experiment he put flyers out around town to get random subjects. He was offering four dollars and fifty cents for one hours work at the time people needed that kind of money to put food on the table so as he expected he had tons of subjects to choose from. He choose very specific subjects all men in the ages from 20 to 50 with different occupations.When he choose the subjects they didn’t know it would be a test of their obedience to authority even in crazy situations, but of their memory. Two subjects would go in at a time but one was an actor set by the experimenter and the other the actual subject. They were told that one person would be the teacher and the other the learner or student and that this would be selected randomly.But what the subject didn’t know is the actor was already the learner there was no random selection the experimenter just wanted it to seem that way so the teacher subject would truly believe it. After that each of them were strapped to a chair where they received 45 volts of electric shock. Crazy right well listen to this, the so called learner was to be strapped to the chair while the so called teacher would say a phrase and the learner would repeat it back. If he messed up the teacher would shock the learner with 45 volts …show more content…
With illnesses like OCD, treatment can be hard. In one severe case study, a woman who goes by JK suffered from constantly with her disease and went through many therapy sessions and even a hospital visit to try and treat her
The teachers would initiate a “shock” to the student every time they got an answer wrong, but the teachers were unaware that the shock was fake. As the experiment continued, the shocks became more severe, and the students would plead for the teacher to stop since they were in pain. Despite the fact, that the participants continuously asked the authoritative experimenter if they could stop, “...relatively few people [had] the resources needed to resist authority” (Cherry 5). The participants feared questioning the effectiveness of the experiment, or restraining from continuing in fear of losing their job, going to jail, or getting reprimanded by Yale. A majority of the participants were intimidated by the experimenter, hence why they continued to shock the students, even though they knew morally, it was incorrect what they were doing. This experiment concluded, “...situational variables have a stronger sway than personality factors in determining obedience...” (5). One's decisions are based on the situation they are facing. If someone is under pressure, they will resort to illogical decision making. There thoughts could potentially be altered due to fear, or hostility. In conclusion, the rash, incohesive state of mind, provoked by fear will eventually lead to the rise of
The experiment consists of two people that take part in a study of memory learning, one of them referred to as the "Teacher" and the other as the "Learner." The experimenter explains that the study's main goal is to observe the effect of punishment on learning. The learner will be seated in something similar to the electric chair, his arms will be strapped and an electrode will be attached to his wrist. The learner will be told that he will be tested on his ability to remember the second word of a pair when he hears the first one again. If he makes a mistake, he will then receive electric shocks of increasing intensity.
He enlisted forty participants and told them that they would be taking part in a study on the effects of punishment on learning. When they showed up to the testing site, they met with an experimenter and a confederate, Mr. Wallace, who they were led to believe was another participant in the study, just like them. As part of the experiment, it was determined that the participants would act as the “teacher” and Mr. Wallace would take on the role of the “learner”. The procedure the participants had to follow was straightforward; they were to read Mr. Wallace a list of paired words, and then through a series of multiple choice questions, test his memory. If he answered the question correctly, the participants moved on; however, if he got it incorrect, they were to administer him a shock, by pressing the indicated switches on the shock generator, with the shocks increasing by fifteen volts with each incorrect answer. As the shocks increase, Mr. Wallace begins to exhibit more and more signs of distress, asking for the study to end, and even making complaints of a heart condition. Despite his hesitance, the participants continued with the experiment because of the urging of the experimenter; if the participant remarked that they wanted to stop or check on the learner, the experimenter urged them by remarking “it is absolutely essential that you continue” or “you have no other choice; you must go on” (Kassin,
In the experiment, participants were told they were involved in a learning experiment, that they were to administer electrical shocks and that they should continue to the end of the experiment. Participants can receive little money, four dollar and fifty cents, as benefit. There were three roles were involved, participants performed the teachers that actually being studied; one investigator performed the students who would be punished by electrical shock; another investigator performed the strict role who gave the orders when participants wanted to give up. During the course of the experiment, each time the ‘student’ made a mistake the participant was ordered to administer ever-increasing electrical shocks. Participants were not in fact delivering electrical shocks. The student was kept out of sight of the participant’s view, so they believed they were hurting the student. And they were told that towards the end of...
The effects of cultural traditions and institutions are primary factors influences that determine the ideologies of gender and sexuality within societal sects. Authors have explored the theology of the various origins of these elements within society through the science fiction genre and how these elements lead to discrimination and isolation. Authors’ concepts of social structures that formed perceptions of gender and sexuality are created by desensitizing sex through a systematizing of sexual desires and actions.Western culture and society has inserted traditionally social policy in regard to gender and sexuality through religious institutions, while propagating xenophobia
Laura Slater explains Stanley Milgram's’ experiments with obedience to authority by first beginning with a hypothetical personal experience that breaks down the experiment in a first person perspective. This perspective humanizes an experiment that tests how far people would go when told, and in the end the results were scary. The entire experiment was based on the fact that there was a “learner” and a “teacher”. The teacher asks questions, and whenever the learner gives the incorrect answer, they receive an ever increasing shock, eventually leading to death if it went that far. People
When thinking about the future, a person would normally think of progress and advancements in society in aspects such as technology, the environment, health, social issues, and more. However, Aldous Huxley’s future London, also called the World State, in “Brave New World” seems to be quite an irregular setting, where the “Bokanovsky’s Process” is used to create babies and confiscate their individuality, the totalitarian government administers pleasure-drugs to insure conformity, and “Community, Identity, Stability” is the motto (5,6). On the other hand, Huxley also writes about the “Savage Reservation” in Malpais, a place where people are free from the uniformity of the World State (32). The contrast between the futuristic world and savage world by Huxley examines the issues of conformity, commodification, and “freedom”. Although born into two different worlds, Bernard Marx and John “The Savage” are prime examples of characters with individualism due to their alternate perceptions of their societies. With psychoanalytic criticism, which allows further insight into the character’s psychology, the reader is able to
Ethnography is a research method used to explore different cultures from a personal view. Many anthropologists have sought to use ethnography as their main study method because of its specificity and opportunity to get hands on. Those that participate in ethnographies are expected to accurately record detailed accounts of the society in which they are staying, but at the same time maintain a critical distance.
In the world of cinema, there’s almost always a discussion regarding what scenes would be suitable for the grasping imagination of any audience, young or old. Alfred Hitchcock’s 1960 film, Psycho, sparked a plug for the movie industry as it was the first movie of its kind to display such graphic scenes of sex and violence to a worldwide audience.
...experiment, felt that the experiment made such a deep impression on him that he became convinced that “social sciences and psychology, are much more important in today’s world.'; One can only imagine the inner conflicts that were running through his head. After the experiment, he described the mood, “I did want to stop at that time. I turned around and looked at [the experimenter]. I guess it’s a matter of…authority.';
The book Brave New World by Aldous Huxley focuses on a society based on the ideals of Henry Ford, but also, the conditioning brought on by psychology. Psychology is the study of the brain and its functions, especially when it is associated with behavior. This society uses psychological conditioning and their studies of the mind to control their people. With this control they gain a hold upon the society’s mindset of what their psychological behavior should be. One can then assume the Brave New World society to be dependent upon psychology for it to retain the control and stability it wants to achieve.
Personality is patterns of thinking, behavior and emotional responses that make up individuality over time. Psychologist attempt to understand how personality develops and its impact on how we behave. Several theories attempt to explain personality, using different approaches. The social-cognitive and humanistic approaches are two of many theories that attempt to explain personality. This essay will identify the main concepts of social-cognitive and humanistic approach, identify perspective differences and discuss approach limitations.
A man by the name of Stanley Milgram, Yale University psychologist, decided to test the power of peer pressure on humans in 1961. In his experiment, three people took part: the three were given the titles of experimenter, learner (victim), and teacher. The only true participant in the experiment was the teacher, the learner was an actor trained for the experiment; thus, the teacher was under the impression that everyone was a selected participant. The teacher and the learner were then placed in separate rooms where no visualization took place, but where communication was still in effect. The teacher was given an electric shock to emulate what the learner would be receiving throughout the experiment; the learner was then ordered by the teacher to answer a set of questions that would determine if the person would be shocked or not. For each incorrect answer the learner received a shock (in actuality not a real shock, but the teacher was under the impression it was) ...
Psychology is the study of different behaviors and acts of each individual based on the way they are raised and brought up. Cultural psychology is specified as the study of behaviors and actions based on different cultures and traditions. The world is full of cultures. Each culture attempts to have its own psychological belief when it comes to different matters and events. Some cultures agree on some matters; while they disagree on others. Almost every culture view things differently. Yet sometimes they decide to accept these differences, and sometimes they do not. Also, some cultures view some psychological matters at the same level unexpectedly.
Social cognitive theory is the study on how an individual stores, processes, and applies information about others in their everyday life. It was first known as the “Social Learning Theory”, and was later changed to the term known today as the “Social Cognitive Theory”. The definition of social cognition is defined as any cognitive process that involves one or more than one person. While the definition of cognition is unconscious process in the brain that bring about representations. Social cognition purpose is to study social knowledge, social structure, group behavior, social influences, social categories (age, race, sex) defines a person. (Science Direct) Social cognition is thought to be the outcome of social interactions. One will learn by observing others, this is known as vicarious learning. For example, one is more likely to follow another’s behavior if they can identify with them, whether it be personality wise, age proximity, and more. (Verywell)